Zoyambira zisanu ndi ziwiri zoyambira: ndi chiyani, ndi chiyani, ndi zopempha zotani zomwe ali nazo ndipo zimathetsedwa bwanji?

Kutandila, lekani ndikukumbutseni kuti chord chachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chord (ndiko kuti, consonance) momwe muli mamvekedwe anayi ndipo mawu anayiwa amatha kukonzedwa mu magawo atatu. Ngati mulemba nyimbo yachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi zolemba, ndiye kuti kujambula uku kudzawoneka ngati munthu wa chipale chofewa, koma sipadzakhala atatu, koma mabwalo anayi (zolemba).

Tsopano za komwe dzina lotchulidwira "choyambira chachisanu ndi chiwiri" chinachokera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nyimbo zachisanu ndi chiwiri, monga mautatu, zimatha kumangidwa pamlingo uliwonse waukulu kapena wocheperako - woyamba, wachiwiri kapena wachitatu, wachisanu ndi chimodzi kapena wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Mwina munachitapo kale ndi nyimbo yayikulu yachisanu ndi chiwiri - iyi ndi nyimbo yachisanu ndi chiwiri yomangidwa pa digiri yachisanu. Mutha kudziwanso gawo lachiwiri lachisanu ndi chiwiri.

Ndipo kenako, kutsegula gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chingwe chachisanu ndi chiwiri chomwe chimamangidwa pamlingo wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Digiri yachisanu ndi chiwiri, ngati mukukumbukira, imatchedwa, ndi yosakhazikika kwambiri, yomwe ili pamtunda wa semitone poyerekezera ndi tonic. Ntchito yoyambilira ya siteji iyi yakulitsa mphamvu yake ku chord chomwe chimamangidwa panthawiyi.

Apanso, nyimbo zachisanu ndi chiwiri zoyambira ndi nyimbo zachisanu ndi chiwiri zomwe zimamangidwa pa digiri yachisanu ndi chiwiri yoyambira. Zoimbidwazi zimapangidwa ndi mawu anayi omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi kachigawo kachitatu.

Ndi mitundu yanji ya nyimbo zoyambira zisanu ndi ziwiri?

Ali - ang'ono ndi ochepetsedwa. Choyambira chaching'ono chachisanu ndi chiwiri chimamangidwa pa digiri ya VII ya zazikulu zachilengedwe, ndipo palibenso china. Chingwe chachisanu ndi chiwiri chocheperako chikhoza kupangidwa munjira za harmonic - zazikulu za harmonic ndi zazing'ono za harmonic.

Tidzawonetsa chimodzi mwa mitundu iwiri ya nyimbo motere: MVII7 (zoyambitsa zazing'ono kapena zazing'ono zochepetsedwa), ndi zina - MindVII7 (kuchepa). Mitundu iwiriyi imasiyana mosiyana, koma.

Yaing'ono yochepetsedwa, kapena m’mawu ena, kamvekedwe kakang’ono kachiyambi kachisanu ndi chiwiri kamakhala ndi magawo aŵiri ang’onoang’ono pa atatu aliwonse (ndiko kuti, utatu wocheperako), pamwamba pake gawo lina lachitatu latsirizidwa, koma nthaŵi ino lalikulu. .

Anachepetsa kutsegula nyimbo yachisanu ndi chiwiri, kapena, monga amanenera nthaŵi zina, chochepa chimapangidwa ndi magawo atatu ang'onoang'ono pa atatu alionse. Zitha kuwola motere: zing'onozing'ono ziwiri (ndiko kuti, katatu kochepera m'munsi) ndipo pamwamba pawo china chaching'ono chachitatu.

Yang'anani chitsanzo ichi cha nyimbo:

Kodi kutsegulira nyimbo zachisanu ndi chiwiri kuli ndi zopempha zotani?

Mwamtheradi Choyimba chilichonse chachisanu ndi chiwiri chimakhala ndi zosintha zitatu, nthawi zonse amatchedwa ofanana. Izi ndi quinceacord (chizindikiro - manambala 65), tertz chord (tikupeza ndi manambala 43 kumanja) ndi njira yachiwiri (otchulidwa ndi awiri - 2). Mukhoza kudziwa kumene mayina achilendowa amachokera ngati muwerenga nkhani yakuti “Mapangidwe a Chord ndi Mayina Awo.” Mwa njira, kumbukirani kuti pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya ma triad (zolemba zitatu)?

Chifukwa chake, mawu oyambira ang'onoang'ono ndi ocheperako amakhala ndi zosintha zitatu, zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa nthawi iliyonse ife , kapena, mosiyana, .

Tiyeni tiwone mawonekedwe a intervallic a chord iliyonse chifukwa cha inversion:

• MVII7 = m3 + m3 + b3
• MVII65 = m3 + b3 + b2
• MVII43 = b3 + b2 + m3
• MVII2 = b2 + m3 + b3

Chitsanzo cha nyimbo zonsezi mu kiyi ya C yaikulu:

Choyambira chaching'ono chachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi kusinthika kwake mu kiyi ya C yayikulu

• UmVII7 = m3 + m3 + m3
• UmVII65 = m3+ m3 + uv2
• umVII43 = m3 + uv2 + m3
• UmVII2 = uv2 + m3 +m3

Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino chamitundu yonseyi mu kiyi ya C yaying'ono (C yayikulu idzakhala ndi mawu ofanana, cholemba B chokhacho chizikhala cholembera B chokhazikika popanda zizindikilo zina):

Kuchepetsa kutsegulira kwachisanu ndi chiwiri ndikusintha kwake mu kiyi ya C yaying'ono

Mothandizidwa ndi zitsanzo zanyimbo zomwe mwapatsidwa, inu nokha mutha kuwerengera mosavuta pazigawo ziti zomwe zimapangidwira. Choncho, ngati seveni digiri yachisanu ndi chiwiri chord mu mawonekedwe ake oyambira, ndithudi, tiyenera kumanga pa siteji ya VII (zochepa zokha zidzakwezedwa VII). Pempho loyamba - Quintsextchord, kapena VII65 - idzapezeka pa stage II. Komanso digiri yachisanu ndi chiwiri tertzquart mgwirizano, VII43 - izi ziri muzochitika zonse IV digiri, ndipo maziko a apilo yachitatu ndi m'masekondi, VII2 - adzakhala VI digiri (chachikulu, ngati tikufuna kuchepetsedwa kwa chord, ndiye kuti tichepetse digiri iyi yachisanu ndi chimodzi).

Kusamvana kwa nyimbo zoyambira zisanu ndi ziwiri za tonic

Nyimbo zoyambira zachisanu ndi chiwiri itha kuthetsedwa mu tonic m'njira ziwiri. Chimodzi mwa izo ndikusintha nthawi yomweyo ma consonance osakhazikikawa kukhala okhazikika a tonic. Ndiko kuti, mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuphedwa kukuchitika pano. Ndi njira iyi, tonic zotsatira si wamba, koma zambiri pambuyo pake. Njira inanso yothanirana ndi vutoli ndi iti?

Njira ina imachokera ku mfundo yakuti zoyambira zachisanu ndi chiwiri kapena ma inversions awo samasintha nthawi yomweyo kukhala tonic, koma mtundu wina wa "chothandizira". NDI . Ndipo pokhapo izi lalikulu lachisanu ndi chiwiri chord (kapena zina za inversions) zimathetsedwa mu tonic malinga ndi malamulo onse.

Kondakitala chord amasankhidwa malinga ndi mfundo:. Kupanga nyimbo zoyambira ndizotheka pamasitepe onse osakhazikika (VII imamangidwa pa VII7, pa II - VII65, pa IV - VII43, ndi VI - VII2). Pamasitepe omwewo, kuwonjezera pa chimodzi mwa zinayi - sitepe yachisanu ndi chimodzi - zosinthika za sept yaikulu zimamangidwanso: pa sitepe ya VII munthu akhoza kulemba D65, pa II - D43 ndi pa IV - D2. Koma pa sitepe ya VI, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ngati kondakitala chigawo chachikulu chachisanu ndi chiwiri mu mawonekedwe ake akuluakulu - D7, yomwe imamangidwa pa sitepe yachisanu, ndiye kuti, ili sitepe imodzi pansi pa chord chotsegulidwa chachiwiri.

Tiyeni tiwone fanizo la nyimbo (mwachitsanzo ndi kusamvana):

Kuthetsa choyambira chachisanu ndi chiwiri choyambira ndi kusinthika kwake kudzera muzolumikizana zazikulu mu harmonic C yayikulu

Kuti adziwe mwachangu nyimbo yayikulu yomwe angayike pambuyo pa nyimbo yoyambira, adabwera ndi zomwe zimatchedwa. "rule of the wheel". Malingana ndi lamulo la gudumu, kuthetsa sept yoyambira, kupempha koyamba kwa sept yaikulu kumatengedwa, kuthetsa kupemphera koyambirira, kupembedzera kwachiwiri kwa wolamulira, kwachiwiri kwachiwiri, kulamulira kwachitatu, ndi zina zotero. izi momveka - zidzakhala zomveka. Tiyeni tijambule gudumu, ikani ma inversions a chisanu ndi chiwiri mu mawonekedwe a manambala pa mbali zake zinayi ndikupeza nyimbo zotsatizana, zikuyenda mozungulira.

Tsopano tiyeni tibwererenso ku njira yothetsera nyimbo zachisanu ndi chiwiri zoyambirira zomwe tazitchula kale. Tidzamasulira nthawi yomweyo zolakwika izi kukhala tonic. Popeza chord chachisanu ndi chiwiri chimakhala ndi mawu anayi, ndipo tonic triad ili ndi katatu, pamene ikutha, phokoso lina la triad limangowirikiza kawiri. Apa ndi pamene zosangalatsa zimayambira. . Zikutanthauza chiyani? Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi zambiri mu tonic triad prima imawirikiza kawiri - kamvekedwe kake, kokhazikika, tonic. Ndipo apa pali sitepe yachitatu. Ndipo izi sizongopeka. Pali zifukwa zonse. Makamaka, kusamvana kolondola kudzakhala kofunikira kwambiri posinthira mwachindunji ku tonic ya chord chocheperako chotsegulira, chomwe chimakhala ndi ma tritones awiri; ziyenera kuthetsedwa bwino.

Mfundo ina yosangalatsa. Sikuti kusintha kulikonse kwa septs koyambira kudzathetsedwa kukhala katatu. Choyimba cha quinsex ndi choyimba cha tertsex, mwachitsanzo, chidzasanduka choyimba chachisanu ndi chimodzi chokhala ndi magawo awiri (okhala ndi ma bass awiri), ndipo choyimba chachiwiri chidzasandulika tonic quartet chord, ndipo choyambira chokhacho mu mawonekedwe akulu ndicho. kusintha kukhala katatu.

Chitsanzo cha kusamvana mwachindunji mu tonic:

Kukhazikika kwa kuchepa kwachiyambi chachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi kusinthika kwake ku tonic mu harmonic C yaying'ono

Mapeto achidule, koma osati mapeto

Mfundo yonse ya positiyi ili mwachidule. Zoyambira zisanu ndi ziwiri zoyambirira zimamangidwa pa sitepe ya VII. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zida izi - zazing'ono, zomwe zimapezeka mu zazikulu zachilengedwe, ndi zochepa, zomwe zimawonekera mu harmonic yaikulu ndi harmonic zazing'ono. Zoyambira zachisanu ndi chiwiri, monga nyimbo zina zachisanu ndi chiwiri, zimakhala ndi 4 zosintha. Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma consonances awa:

1. mwachindunji mu zimandilimbikitsa ndi sanali normative kawiri kawiri;
2. kudzera m'magulu achisanu ndi chiwiri akuluakulu.

Chitsanzo china, zoyambira zachisanu ndi chiwiri mu D zazikulu ndi D zazing'ono:

Ngati mukufuna kumanga kuchokera ku phokoso

Ngati mukufuna kupanga zoyambira zachisanu ndi chiwiri kapena zosinthika zilizonse kuchokera pamawu ena operekedwa, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri mawonekedwe a intervallic. Aliyense amene akudziwa kupanga intervals akhoza kumanga izi popanda vuto lililonse. Nkhani yayikulu yomwe iyenera kuthetsedwa ndikuzindikira tonality ndikulola kuti zomangamanga zanu zigwirizane nazo.

Timalola otsogolera ang'onoang'ono pokhapokha pazikuluzikulu, ndi zochepa - zonse zazikulu ndi zazing'ono (pankhaniyi, ma tonality adzakhala - mwachitsanzo, C wamkulu ndi C wamng'ono, kapena G wamkulu ndi G wamng'ono). Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji kuti ndi mawu otani? Ndizosavuta: muyenera kungoganizira mawu omwe mukumanga ngati imodzi mwamasitepe a tonality yomwe mukufuna:

• Ngati munamanga VII7, ndiye kuti phokoso lanu lapansi lidzasanduka sitepe ya VII, ndipo, mukukwera sitepe ina, mudzapeza tonic nthawi yomweyo;
• Ngati munayenera kulemba VII65, yomwe, monga mukudziwa, imamangidwa pa digiri ya II, ndiye kuti tonic idzapezeka, m'malo mwake, sitepe yotsika;
• Ngati nyimbo yopatsidwayo ndi VII43, ndipo imakhala ndi digiri ya IV, ndiye kuti tonic ikhoza kupezeka powerengera masitepe anayi;
• Pomaliza, ngati kope lanu VII2 lili pa digiri ya VI, ndiye kuti mupeze digiri yoyamba, ndiye kuti, tonic, muyenera kukwera masitepe atatu.

Pozindikira fungulo mwanjira yosavuta iyi, simudzakhala ndi vuto lililonse pakukonza. Mutha kumaliza chigamulocho mwa njira ziwiri - zilizonse zomwe mungakonde, pokhapokha ngati, ntchitoyo ikulepheretsani kusankha kwanu.

Zitsanzo za zolemba zoyambira ndi kusinthika kwawo kuchokera ku zolemba C ndi D:

Zabwino zonse pazoyeserera zanu!