Désirée Artôt |

Desiree Artot

Artaud, woyimba waku France wochokera ku Belgian, anali ndi mawu osowa, adachita mbali za mezzo-soprano, zochititsa chidwi komanso zoyimba-coloratura soprano.

Desiree Artaud de Padilla (namwali dzina lake Marguerite Josephine Montaney) anabadwa pa July 21, 1835. Kuyambira 1855 anaphunzira ndi M. Odran. Kenako anapita ku sukulu yabwino motsogoleredwa ndi Pauline Viardo-Garcia. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iye anachitanso mu zoimbaimba pa siteji ya Belgium, Holland ndi England.

Mu 1858, woimba wamng'ono anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake pa Paris Grand Opera (Meyerbeer Mneneri) ndipo posakhalitsa anatenga udindo wa prima donna. Kenako Artaud anachita m'mayiko osiyanasiyana pa siteji ndi pa siteji konsati.

Mu 1859 adaimba bwino ndi kampani ya Lorini Opera ku Italy. Mu 1859-1860 adapita ku London ngati woimba nyimbo. Kenako, mu 1863, 1864 ndi 1866, iye anachita mu "foggy Albion" monga woimba opera.

Ku Russia, Artaud adachita bwino kwambiri pamasewera a Moscow Italian Opera (1868-1870, 1875/76) ndi St. Petersburg (1871/72, 1876/77).

Artaud adabwera ku Russia atapambana kale kutchuka ku Europe. Kusiyanasiyana kwa mawu ake kunamuthandiza kuti azitha kupirira bwino mbali za soprano ndi mezzo-soprano. Anaphatikiza luso la coloratura ndi sewero lomveka bwino la kuyimba kwake. Donna Anna mu Mozart's Don Giovanni, Rosina mu Rossini's The Barber of Seville, Violetta, Gilda, Aida mu Verdi's operas, Valentina mu Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots, Marguerite mu Gounod's Faust - adachita maudindo onsewa ndi nyimbo komanso luso lolowera. . N'zosadabwitsa kuti luso lake linakopa okonda okhwima monga Berlioz ndi Meyerbeer.

Mu 1868, Artaud adawonekera koyamba pa Moscow, pomwe adakhala chokongoletsera cha kampani yaku Italy ya Merelli. Nayi nkhani ya wotsutsa nyimbo wotchuka G. Laroche: “Gululo linapangidwa ndi ojambula a m’gulu lachisanu ndi lachisanu ndi chimodzi, opanda mawu, opanda matalente; chokhacho koma chochititsa chidwi chinali mtsikana wa zaka makumi atatu wokhala ndi nkhope yonyansa komanso yokonda, yemwe anali atangoyamba kulemera ndipo kenako anakalamba mwamsanga m'mawonekedwe ndi mawu. Asanafike ku Moscow, mizinda iwiri - Berlin ndi Warsaw - adamukonda kwambiri. Koma zikuoneka kuti palibe pamene iye anadzutsa chisangalalo chachikulu chotere monga ku Moscow. Kwa achinyamata ambiri oimba, makamaka kwa Pyotr Ilyich, Artaud anali, titero, umunthu wa nyimbo zochititsa chidwi, mulungu wamkazi wa zisudzo, kuphatikiza mwa iye yekha mphatso zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabalalika mosiyana. Wovekedwa ndi piyano yabwino kwambiri komanso womveka bwino, adadabwitsa khamu la anthu ndi zowombera zowombera ndi masikelo, ndipo ziyenera kuvomereza kuti gawo lalikulu la nyimbo zake zidaperekedwa ku mbali iyi ya luso; koma mphamvu zodabwitsa ndi ndakatulo zofotokozera zinkawoneka kuti zinakweza nyimbo zotsika kwambiri mpaka kufika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Kamvekedwe kake kakang'ono, kamvekedwe ka mawu ake kanapumira chithumwa chosaneneka, kumveka mosasamala komanso mwachidwi. Artaud anali wonyansa; koma angakhale akulakwitsa kwambiri amene amaganiza kuti movutikira kwambiri, kupyolera mu zinsinsi za luso ndi chimbudzi, adakakamizika kulimbana ndi malingaliro oipa omwe amapangidwa ndi maonekedwe ake. Anagonjetsa mitima ndi kusokoneza malingaliro pamodzi ndi kukongola kopambana. Kuyera kodabwitsa kwa thupi, pulasitiki yachilendo ndi chisomo cha kayendedwe, kukongola kwa mikono ndi khosi sizinali chida chokha: chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa nkhope, chinali ndi chithumwa chodabwitsa.

Choncho, mwa anthu akhama kwambiri a French prima donna anali Tchaikovsky. Iye anaulula kwa Mbale Modest kuti: “Ndikuona kuti ndikufunika kutsanulira zokopa zanga mumtima mwanu mwaluso. Mukadadziwa kuti Artaud ndi woimba wotani. Sindinayambe ndachitapo chidwi ndi wojambula monga nthawi ino. Ndipo ndikumva chisoni chotani nanga kuti simumva ndi kumuwona! Kodi mungasimikizidwe bwanji ndi manja ake ndi chisomo chamayendedwe ndi kaimidwe!

Kukambitsiranako kunafikira ku ukwati. Tchaikovsky analembera abambo ake kuti: "Ndinakumana ndi Artaud m'chaka, koma ndinakumana naye kamodzi kokha, atapindula pa chakudya chamadzulo. Atabwerako m’dzinja lino, kwa mwezi umodzi sindinawachezere nkomwe. Tinakumana mwamwayi madzulo a nyimbo omwewo; anadabwa kuti sindinamucheze, ndinalonjeza kuti ndidzamuchezera, koma sindikanasunga lonjezo langa (chifukwa cholephera kupanga mabwenzi atsopano) ngati Anton Rubinstein, yemwe ankadutsa ku Moscow, sanandikokere kwa iye. . Kuyambira pamenepo, pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, ndinayamba kulandira makalata ondiitana kuchokera kwa iye, ndipo pang’onopang’ono ndinazolowera kumchezera tsiku lililonse. Posakhalitsa tinayamba kukondana kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo tinaululana. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti pano funso linabuka laukwati wovomerezeka, womwe tonsefe timalakalaka kwambiri komanso zomwe ziyenera kuchitika m'chilimwe, ngati palibe chomwe chimasokoneza. Koma ndiye mphamvu, kuti pali zopinga. Choyamba, amayi ake, omwe amakhala nawo nthawi zonse ndipo ali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mwana wake wamkazi, amatsutsa ukwatiwo, akupeza kuti ndine wamng'ono kwambiri kwa mwana wake wamkazi, ndipo, mwinamwake, ndikuwopa kuti ndidzamukakamiza kukhala ku Russia. Kachiwiri, anzanga, makamaka N. Rubinstein, amagwiritsa ntchito kuyesetsa mwamphamvu kwambiri kuti ndisakwaniritse dongosolo laukwati lomwe akufuna. Amati nditakhala mwamuna wa woyimba wodziwika bwino, ndidzasewera momvetsa chisoni kwambiri ngati mwamuna wa mkazi wanga, mwachitsanzo, ndidzamutsatira m'makona onse a ku Europe, ndikukhala ndi ndalama zake, nditaya chizolowezicho ndipo sindidzakhala. Kutha kugwira ntchito ... Zingakhale zotheka kupewa ngoziyi mwa chisankho chake chochoka ku siteji ndikukhala ku Russia - koma akunena kuti, ngakhale amandikonda kwambiri, sangasankhe kuchoka pa siteji yomwe ali. kuzolowera ndipo zomwe zimamubweretsera kutchuka ndi ndalama ... Monga momwe sangasankhe kuchoka pabwalo, ine, kumbali yanga, ndikuzengereza kupereka tsogolo langa chifukwa cha iye, chifukwa palibe kukayika kuti ndidzalandidwa mwayi wopita patsogolo. njira yanga ngati ndiitsatira mwakhungu.

Kuchokera masiku ano, sizikuwoneka kuti n'zosadabwitsa kuti, atachoka ku Russia, Artaud posakhalitsa anakwatira woimba wa ku Spain wa baritone M. Padilla y Ramos.

M'zaka za m'ma 70, pamodzi ndi mwamuna wake, adaimba bwino mu zisudzo ku Italy ndi mayiko ena a ku Ulaya. Artaud ankakhala ku Berlin pakati pa 1884 ndi 1889 ndipo kenako ku Paris. Kuyambira 1889, akusiya siteji, adaphunzitsa, pakati pa ophunzira - S. Arnoldson.

Tchaikovsky adasungabe chikondi kwa wojambulayo. Zaka makumi awiri atapatukana, pa pempho la Artaud, adapanga zibwenzi zisanu ndi chimodzi zochokera ku ndakatulo za ndakatulo za ku France.

Artaud analemba kuti: “Pomaliza, mnzanga, zibwenzi zako zili m’manja mwanga. Zowonadi, 4, 5, ndi 6 ndizabwino, koma yoyamba ndi yokongola komanso yatsopano. "Kukhumudwa" Ndimakondanso kwambiri - mwa mawu amodzi, ndimakonda ana anu atsopano ndipo ndine wonyada kuti mudawalenga, mukundiganizira.

Atakumana ndi woimbayo ku Berlin, wolemba nyimboyo analemba kuti: “Ndinakhala madzulo ndi Mayi Artaud pamodzi ndi Grieg, zomwe sizidzachotsedwa m’maganizo mwanga. Umunthu komanso luso la woimbayu ndi zokongola kwambiri monga kale. ”

Artaud anamwalira pa April 3, 1907 ku Berlin.