Birgit Nilsson |

Birgit Nilsson

Birgit Nilsson ndi woimba wa opera wa ku Sweden komanso soprano yochititsa chidwi. Mmodzi mwa oimba odziwika kwambiri a theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 20. Analandira ulemu wapadera monga womasulira wodziwika bwino wa nyimbo za Wagner. Pachimake cha ntchito yake, Nilsson anachita chidwi ndi mphamvu yosagwira ntchito ya mawu ake yomwe inagonjetsa okhestra, komanso ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa ya mpweya, zomwe zinamuthandiza kuti asunge cholembera kwa nthawi yaitali modabwitsa. Pakati pa anzake ankadziwika chifukwa cha nthabwala zake komanso utsogoleri.

Marta Birgit Nilsson anabadwa pa May 17, 1918 m’banja losauka ndipo ubwana wake wonse anakhala pa famu m’tauni ya Vestra Karup, m’chigawo cha Skane, makilomita 100 kuchokera mumzinda wa Malmö. Panalibe magetsi kapena madzi pafamu, monga ana onse osauka, kuyambira ali wamng'ono adathandiza makolo ake kuyendetsa pakhomo - kubzala ndi kukolola masamba, ng'ombe za mkaka, kusamalira nyama zina ndikugwira ntchito zofunika zapakhomo. Anali mwana yekhayo m'banjamo, ndipo abambo a Birgit a Nils Peter Swenson ankayembekezera kuti adzalandira ntchitoyo. Birgit ankakonda kuimba kuyambira ali mwana ndipo, m'mawu akeake, anayamba kuimba asanayambe kuyenda, adalandira talente yake kuchokera kwa amayi ake Justina Paulson, yemwe anali ndi mawu okongola komanso amadziwa kuimba accordion. Pa tsiku lake lobadwa lachinayi, Birgit, waganyu komanso pafupifupi membala wa banja la Otto, anampatsa piyano ya chidole, ataona chidwi chake pa nyimbo, posakhalitsa abambo ake anampatsa chiwalo. Makolo ankanyadira kwambiri talente ya mwana wawo wamkazi, ndipo nthawi zambiri ankaimba kunyumba zoimbaimba kwa alendo, maholide akumudzi komanso kusukulu ya pulayimale. Ali wachinyamata, kuyambira ali ndi zaka 14, adaimba mu kwaya ya tchalitchi komanso m'gulu la anthu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi m'tawuni yoyandikana nayo ya Bastad. Kantor anasonyeza luso lake ndipo anaonetsa Birgit kwa mphunzitsi woimba ndi nyimbo wa m’tauni ya Astorp Ragnar Blenov, amene mwamsanga anazindikira luso lake nati: “Mtsikanayu adzakhaladi woimba kwambiri.” Mu 1939, adaphunzira naye nyimbo ndipo adamulangiza kuti apititse patsogolo luso lake.

Mu 1941, Birgit Nilsson adalowa mu Royal Academy of Music ku Stockholm. Bamboyo anali wotsutsana ndi chisankho ichi, adayembekeza kuti Birgit apitirize ntchito yake ndikukhala ndi chuma chawo cholimba, adakana kulipira maphunziro ake. Ndalama zophunzirira zinaperekedwa ndi amayi kuchokera mu ndalama zomwe adasunga. Tsoka ilo, Justina sanathe kusangalala bwino ndi mwana wake wamkazi, mu 1949 adagundidwa ndi galimoto, chochitika ichi chinawononga Birgit, koma kulimbikitsa ubale wawo ndi abambo ake.

Mu 1945, adakali kuphunzira pa sukulu, Birgit anakumana Bertil Niklason, wophunzira pa koleji Chowona Zanyama, pa sitima, iwo anagwa m'chikondi ndipo posakhalitsa anamufunsira, mu 1948 iwo anakwatirana. Birgit ndi Bertil anakhala limodzi moyo wawo wonse. Nthawi zina ankayenda naye maulendo angapo padziko lonse, koma nthawi zambiri ankakhala ndi kugwira ntchito kunyumba. Bertil sanali makamaka chidwi ndi nyimbo, Komabe, iye nthawizonse ankakhulupirira talente mkazi wake ndi kuthandiza Birgit ntchito yake, monga momwe iye anathandizira ntchito yake. Birgit sanayeserepo konse kunyumba ndi mwamuna wake kuti: “Miyeso yosatha imeneyi ingawononge maukwati ambiri, kapena kupsinjika maganizo,” iye anatero. Kunyumba, adapeza mtendere ndipo amatha kugawana malingaliro ake ndi Bertil, adayamikira kuti amamuchitira ngati mkazi wamba, ndipo sanaike "diva lalikulu la opera" pamtunda. Analibe ana.

Ku Royal Academy, aphunzitsi amawu a Birgit Nilsson anali Joseph Hislop ndi Arne Sanegard. Komabe, iye anadziona kukhala wodziphunzitsa ndipo anati: “Mphunzitsi wabwino koposa ndi siteji.” Iye ananyansidwa ndi maphunziro ake oyambirira ndipo ananena kuti kupambana kwake kunabwera chifukwa cha luso lachilengedwe: "Mphunzitsi wanga woyamba woimba anatsala pang'ono kundipha, wachiwiri anali woipa kwambiri."

Kuyamba kwa Birgit Nilsson pa siteji ya opera kunachitika ku Royal Opera House ku Stockholm mu 1946, monga Agatha mu "Free Shooter" ya KM Weber, adaitanidwa masiku atatu kuti alowe m'malo mwa wojambulayo. Conductor Leo Blech sanakhutire ndi ntchito yake, ndipo kwa nthawi ndithu iye sanali wodalirika ndi maudindo ena. Chaka chotsatira (1947) adapambana mayesowo, nthawi ino panali nthawi yokwanira, adakonzekera bwino komanso mwaluso udindo wa Verdi's Lady Macbeth motsogozedwa ndi Fritz Busch. Anapambana kuzindikira kwa omvera aku Sweden ndipo adalowa nawo gulu la zisudzo. Ku Stockholm, adapanga mndandanda wokhazikika wa maudindo odabwitsa, kuphatikiza Donna Anna wochokera ku Don Giovanni wa Mozart, Verdi's Aida, Tosca wa Puccini, Sieglind wa Wagner's Valkyrie, Marshall wochokera ku Strauss's The Rosenkavalier ndi ena, akuwaimba mu Swedish. chinenero.

Udindo wofunikira pakukula kwa ntchito yapadziko lonse ya Birgit Nilsson idaseweredwa ndi Fritz Busch, yemwe adamuwonetsa pa Glyndebourne Opera Festival mu 1951 monga Elektra waku Idomeneo wa Mozart, Mfumu ya Krete. Mu 1953, Nilsson adamupanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la Opera la Vienna State - zidasintha kwambiri ntchito yake, adakhala komweko kwa zaka zopitilira 25. Izi zidatsatiridwa ndi maudindo a Elsa waku Brabant mu Wagner's Lohengrin pa Chikondwerero cha Bayreuth komanso Brunnhilde wake woyamba mumayendedwe a Der Ring des Nibelungen ku Bavarian State Opera. Mu 1957, adapanga gawo lake ku Covent Garden mu gawo lomwelo.

Chimodzi mwa zochitika zazikulu kwambiri pa moyo wa kulenga wa Birgit Nilsson amaganizira kuyitanidwa kwa kutsegulidwa kwa nyengo ya opera ku La Scala mu 1958, monga Mfumukazi Turandot G. Puccini, panthawiyo anali woimba wachiwiri wosakhala wachi Italiya. mbiri pambuyo pa Maria Callas, yemwe adapatsidwa mwayi wotsegulira nyengo ku La Scala. Mu 1959, Nilsson adawonekera koyamba ku Metropolitan Opera monga Isolde mu Wagner's Tristan und Isolde, ndipo adalowa m'malo mwa soprano wa ku Norwegian Kirsten Flagstad mu repertoire ya Wagner.

Birgit Nilsson anali wotsogolera nyimbo wa Wagnerian wamasiku ake. Komabe, iye anachitanso maudindo ena ambiri otchuka, okwana repertoire ake ali ndi maudindo oposa 25. Wachita pafupifupi nyumba zonse zazikulu za opera padziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo Moscow, Vienna, Berlin, London, New York, Paris, Milan, Chicago, Tokyo, Hamburg, Munich, Florence, Buenos Aires ndi ena. Monga oimba onse a opera, kuwonjezera pa zisudzo, Birgit Nilsson anapereka zoimbaimba payekha. Chimodzi mwa zisudzo zodziwika bwino za Birgit Nilsson anali konsati ndi Sydney Symphony Orchestra yoyendetsedwa ndi Charles Mackers ndi pulogalamu ya "All Wagner". Iyi inali konsati yoyamba yotsegulira ku Sydney Opera House Concert Hall mu 1973 pamaso pa Mfumukazi Elizabeth II.

ntchito Birgit Nilsson anali yaitali ndithu, iye anachita padziko lonse kwa pafupifupi zaka makumi anayi. Mu 1982, Birgit Nilsson adawonekera komaliza pa siteji ya opera ku Frankfurt am Main monga Elektra. Kutsanzikana mwachidwi pa siteji kunakonzedwa ndi opera "Mkazi Wopanda Mthunzi" ndi R. Strauss ku Vienna State Opera, komabe, Birgit adaletsa ntchitoyo. Choncho, ntchito ku Frankfurt inali yomaliza pa siteji ya opera. Mu 1984, adapanga ulendo wake womaliza ku Germany ndipo pamapeto pake adasiya nyimbo zazikulu. Birgit Nilsson anabwerera kwawo ndipo anapitiriza kuchita zoimbaimba zachifundo, okhudza oimba aang'ono m'dera loimba nyimbo, umene unayamba mu 1955 ndipo anakhala wotchuka ndi okonda ambiri zisudzo. Adachita konsati yake yomaliza ngati wosangalatsa mu 2001.

Birgit Nilsson adakhala moyo wautali komanso wosangalatsa. Anamwalira mwamtendere kunyumba kwake pa December 25, 2005, ali ndi zaka 87. Kuimba kwake kukupitirizabe kulimbikitsa oimba, mafani ndi okonda zisudzo padziko lonse lapansi.

Zoyenera za Birgit Nilsson zimayamikiridwa ndi mphotho zambiri zaboma komanso zaboma zochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, Austria, Norway, USA, England, Spain ndi ena. Anali membala wolemekezeka m'masukulu angapo oimba nyimbo ndi magulu. Sweden ikukonzekera kutulutsa ndalama za 2014-krona mu 500 ndi chithunzi cha Birgit Nilsson.

Birgit Nilsson adakonza thumba lothandizira oimba achichepere aluso aku Sweden ndipo adawasankha kuti aphunzire kuchokera ku thumbali. Maphunziro oyamba adaperekedwa mu 1973 ndipo akulipidwa mosalekeza mpaka pano. Maziko omwewo adakonza "Mphotho ya Birgit Nilsson", yomwe idapangidwira munthu yemwe wakwaniritsa, m'njira zambiri, chinthu chodabwitsa m'dziko la opera. Mphothoyi imaperekedwa zaka 2-3 zilizonse, ndi madola miliyoni imodzi ndipo ndi mphotho yayikulu kwambiri munyimbo. Malinga ndi chifuniro cha Birgit Nilsson, mphotoyo inayamba kuperekedwa patatha zaka zitatu atamwalira, adasankha mwiniwake woyamba ndipo adakhala Placido Domingo, woimba wamkulu ndi mnzake mu siteji ya opera, yemwe adalandira mphothoyo mu 2009 kuchokera. manja a Mfumu Charles XVI ya Sweden. Wachiwiri kulandira mphothoyi mu 2011 anali kondakitala Riccardo Muti.