Boris Nikolayevich Lyatoshinsky (Boris Lyatoshinsky) |

Boris Lyatoshinsky

Dzina la Boris Nikolaevich Lyatoshinsky limagwirizanitsidwa osati ndi nthawi yayikulu komanso, mwinamwake, nthawi yolemekezeka kwambiri pakukula kwa nyimbo za Soviet Soviet, komanso kukumbukira talente yaikulu, kulimba mtima ndi kukhulupirika. Mu nthawi zovuta kwambiri za dziko lake, mu nthawi zowawa kwambiri za moyo wake, iye anakhalabe wojambula woona mtima, wolimba mtima. Lyatoshinsky ndi woimba wa symphonic. Kwa iye, symphonism ndi njira ya moyo mu nyimbo, mfundo yoganiza muzochita zonse popanda kuchotserapo - kuchokera ku chinsalu chachikulu kwambiri kupita ku choral miniature kapena dongosolo la nyimbo ya anthu.

Njira ya Lyatoshinsky muzojambula sizinali zophweka. Waluntha cholowa, mu 1918 anamaliza maphunziro a Faculty of Law of Kyiv University, patatha chaka chimodzi - kuchokera ku Kyiv Conservatory mu gulu la R. Gliere. Zaka zovuta za zaka khumi zoyambirira za m'zaka za zana lino zinawonekeranso m'zolemba zoyambirira za wolemba nyimbo wamng'ono, momwe chikondi chake chamveka kale. Quartet Yoyamba ndi Yachiwiri Yachingwe, Symphony Yoyamba ili ndi zilakolako zachikondi zamphepo, nyimbo zoyengedwa bwino kwambiri zidayambira kumapeto kwa Scriabin. Chisamaliro chachikulu ku mawu - ndakatulo za M. Maeterlinck, I. Bunin, I. Severyanin, P. Shelley, K. Balmont, P. Verlaine, O. Wilde, olemba ndakatulo akale achi China adaphatikizidwa muzokondana zoyengedwa mofanana ndi nyimbo zovuta, mitundu yodabwitsa ya njira za harmonic ndi rhythmic. Zomwezo zikhoza kunenedwa za ntchito za piano za nthawi ino (Reflections, Sonata), zomwe zimadziwika ndi zithunzi zomveka bwino, zamtundu wa aphoristic wamitu ndi chitukuko chawo chachikulu, chochititsa chidwi komanso chothandiza. Cholemba chapakati ndi First Symphony (1918), chomwe chinawonetseratu mphatso ya polyphonic, kulamulira kwabwino kwa nyimbo za orchestral, ndi kukula kwa malingaliro.

Mu 1926, Overture adawonekera pamitu inayi ya Chiyukireniya, yomwe ikuwonetsa chiyambi cha nthawi yatsopano, yomwe imadziwika ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi nthano za Chiyukireniya, kulowa mu zinsinsi za kuganiza kwa anthu, m'mbiri yake, chikhalidwe (masewera a The Golden Hoop ndi The Golden Hoop). Mtsogoleri (Shchors)); cantata "Zapovit" pa T. Shevchenko; zodziwika ndi nyimbo zabwino kwambiri, makonzedwe a nyimbo zachiyukireniya zamawu ndi piyano ndi kwaya cappella, momwe Lyatoshinsky molimba mtima amayambitsa njira zovuta zama polyphonic, komanso zachilendo kwa nyimbo zapachikhalidwe, koma zomveka bwino komanso zogwirizana). Opera The Golden Hoop (kutengera nkhani ya I. Franko) chifukwa cha mbiri yakale kuyambira zaka za zana la XNUMX. zinapangitsa kuti zitheke kujambula zithunzi za anthu, ndi chikondi chomvetsa chisoni, ndi zilembo zabwino kwambiri. Chilankhulo chanyimbo cha opera ndi chosiyana, chokhala ndi dongosolo lovuta la leitmotifs ndi chitukuko chokhazikika cha symphonic. M'zaka za nkhondo, pamodzi ndi Kyiv Conservatory, Lyatoshinsky anasamutsidwa kupita ku Saratov, kumene ntchito yolimba inapitirizabe m'mikhalidwe yovuta. Wolemba nyimboyo nthawi zonse ankagwirizana ndi akonzi a wailesiyi. T. Shevchenko, amene ankaulutsa mapulogalamu ake kwa anthu okhala m'dera la Ukraine. M'zaka zomwezo, Quintet ya ku Ukraine, Quartet Yachinayi, ndi Suite for String Quartet pamitu ya anthu aku Ukraine idapangidwa.

Zaka za pambuyo pa nkhondo zinali zamphamvu ndi zobala zipatso. Kwa zaka 20, Lyatoshinsky wakhala akupanga zojambula zokongola zakwaya: pa St. T. Shevchenko; amazungulira "Seasons" pa St. A. Pushkin, pa siteshoni. A. Fet, M. Rylsky, "Kuyambira Kale".

The Third Symphony, yolembedwa mu 1951, inakhala ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mutu wake waukulu ndi kulimbana pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa. Pambuyo poimba koyamba pamsonkhano wa Union of Composers of Ukraine, symphony inatsutsidwa mopanda chilungamo, zomwe zinkachitika nthawi imeneyo. Wolembayo adayenera kupanganso scherzo ndi chomaliza. Koma, mwamwayi, nyimbozo zinakhalabe zamoyo. Mwachiwonetsero cha lingaliro lovuta kwambiri, lingaliro la nyimbo, njira yodabwitsa, Lyatoshinsky's Third Symphony ikhoza kuikidwa mofanana ndi Seventh Symphony ya D. Shostakovich. 50-60s yodziwika ndi chidwi chachikulu cha wolemba nyimbo pa chikhalidwe cha Asilavo. Pofufuza mizu yofanana, chikhalidwe cha Asilavo, Chipolishi, Chiserbia, Chikroatia, Chibugariya chimawerengedwa bwino. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, “Chikondwerero cha Slavic” cha limba ndi okhestra chikuoneka; 2 mazurka pamitu yaku Poland ya cello ndi piyano; zachikondi pa St. A. Mitskevich; ndakatulo symphonic "Grazhina", "m'mphepete mwa Vistula"; "Polish Suite", "Slavic Overture", "Fifth ("Slavic") Symphony, "Slavic Suite" ya symphony orchestra. Pan-Slavism Lyatoshinsky amatanthauzira kuchokera ku maudindo apamwamba aumunthu, monga gulu la malingaliro ndi kumvetsetsa kwa dziko.

Wopeka nyimboyo adatsogozedwa ndi malingaliro omwewo muzochita zake zophunzitsa, kubweretsa m'badwo wopitilira umodzi wa oimba aku Ukraine. Sukulu ya Lyatoshinsky ndi, choyamba, chidziwitso chaumwini, kulemekeza maganizo osiyana, ufulu wofufuza. Ndicho chifukwa chake ophunzira ake V. Silvestrov ndi L. Grabovsky, V. Godzyatsky ndi N. Poloz, E. Stankovich ndi I. Shamo ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi ntchito yawo. Aliyense wa iwo, atasankha njira yake, komabe, muzochita zake zonse, amakhalabe woona ku lamulo lalikulu la Mphunzitsi - kukhalabe nzika yowona mtima ndi yosasunthika, mtumiki wa makhalidwe abwino ndi chikumbumtima.

S. Filstein