Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev |

SERGEY Prokofiev

Ubwino waukulu (kapena, ngati mukufuna, kuipa) kwa moyo wanga wakhala kufunafuna choyambirira, chilankhulo changa chanyimbo. Ndimadana ndi kutsanzira, ndimadana ndi zokonda ...

Mutha kukhala nthawi yayitali ngati mukufuna kunja, koma muyenera kubwerera kudziko lanu nthawi ndi nthawi ku mzimu weniweni waku Russia. S. Prokofiev

Zaka za ubwana wa woimba wamtsogolo zidadutsa m'banja loimba. Amayi ake anali woimba piyano wabwino, ndipo mnyamatayo, akugona, nthawi zambiri ankamva phokoso la L. Beethoven's sonatas kuchokera kutali, zipinda zingapo kutali. Seryozha ali ndi zaka 5, adalemba nyimbo yake yoyamba ya piyano. Mu 1902, S. Taneyev anadziŵa zopeka za ana ake, ndipo pa uphungu wake, maphunziro a nyimbo anayamba ndi R. Gliere. Mu 1904-14 Prokofiev adaphunzira ku St.

Pa mayeso omaliza, Prokofiev mwanzeru anachita Concerto wake Woyamba, umene anali kupereka mphoto. A. Rubinstein. Wopeka nyimbo wachinyamatayo amatengera mwachidwi nyimbo zatsopano ndipo posakhalitsa amapeza njira yakeyake monga woimba waluso. Polankhula ngati woyimba piyano, Prokofiev nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza ntchito zake mu mapulogalamu ake, zomwe zidapangitsa chidwi cha omvera.

Mu 1918, Prokofiev anapita ku United States, kuyambira pa mndandanda wa maulendo opita ku mayiko akunja - France, Germany, England, Italy, Spain. Pofuna kugonjetsa omvera padziko lonse lapansi, amapereka ma concerts kwambiri, akulemba ntchito zazikulu - zisudzo The Love for Three Oranges (1919), The Fiery Angel (1927); The ballets Steel Leap (1925, mouziridwa ndi zochitika zosintha ku Russia), Mwana Wolowerera (1928), Pa Dnieper (1930); nyimbo zoimbira.

Kumayambiriro kwa 1927 ndi kumapeto kwa 1929, Prokofiev anachita bwino kwambiri mu Soviet Union. Mu 1927 zoimbaimba wake unachitikira ku Moscow, Leningrad, Kharkov, Kyiv ndi Odessa. “Chikondwerero chimene Moscow anandipatsa chinali chachilendo. ... Kulandira ku Leningrad kunakhala kotentha kwambiri kuposa ku Moscow, "wolemba nyimboyo analemba mu Autobiography yake. Kumapeto kwa 1932, Prokofiev anaganiza zobwerera kwawo.

Kuyambira m'ma 30s. zilandiridwenso Prokofiev kufika pamwamba. Amapanga chimodzi mwazojambula zake - ballet "Romeo ndi Juliet" pambuyo pa W. Shakespeare (1936); sewero lanyimbo-comic Betrothal in a Monastery (The Duenna, pambuyo pa R. Sheridan - 1940); cantatas "Alexander Nevsky" (1939) ndi "Toast" (1939); nthano ya symphonic ku zolemba zake "Peter ndi Nkhandwe" yokhala ndi zida zoimbira (1936); Piano yachisanu ndi chimodzi Sonata (1940); kuzungulira kwa piyano "Nyimbo za Ana" (1935).

Mu 30-40s. Nyimbo za Prokofiev zimachitidwa ndi oimba abwino kwambiri a Soviet: N. Golovanov, E. Gilels, B. Sofronitsky, S. Richter, D. Oistrakh. Kupambana kwakukulu kwa choreography Soviet chinali chifaniziro cha Juliet, chopangidwa ndi G. Ulanova. M'chilimwe cha 1941, pa dacha pafupi ndi Moscow, Prokofiev anajambula molamulidwa ndi Leningrad Opera ndi Ballet Theatre. SM Kirov ballet nthano "Cinderella". Nkhani za kuyambika kwa nkhondo ndi fascist Germany ndi zochitika zomvetsa chisoni zomwe zinatsatira zinayambitsa kuwonjezereka kwatsopano kwa woimbayo. Amapanga sewero lamphamvu kwambiri lokonda dziko lakale "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" kutengera buku la L. Tolstoy (1943), ndipo amagwira ntchito ndi director S. Eisenstein pafilimu ya mbiri yakale "Ivan the Terrible" (1942). Zithunzi zosokoneza, zowonetsera zochitika zankhondo ndipo, panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifuniro chosasunthika ndi mphamvu ndi khalidwe la nyimbo za Seventh Piano Sonata (1942). Chidaliro chachikulu chalembedwa mu Fifth Symphony (1944), mmene wolemba, m’mawu ake, anafuna “kuimba za munthu waufulu ndi wachimwemwe, mphamvu zake zazikulu, ulemu wake, chiyero chake chauzimu.”

Mu nthawi ya nkhondo, ngakhale matenda aakulu, Prokofiev analenga ntchito zambiri zofunika: Sixth (1947) ndi Seventh (1952) symphonies, Ninth Piano Sonata (1947), kope latsopano la opera Nkhondo ndi Mtendere (1952). , Cello Sonata (1949) ndi Symphony Concerto ya cello ndi orchestra (1952). Chakumapeto kwa 40s - koyambirira kwa 50s. zinaphimbidwa ndi ziwonetsero zaphokoso zotsutsana ndi "zotsutsana ndi dziko" muzojambula za Soviet, kuzunzidwa kwa oimira ake abwino kwambiri. Prokofiev anakhala mmodzi wa formalists waukulu mu nyimbo. Kuipitsa mbiri kwa nyimbo zake mu 1948 kunawonjezera thanzi la woimbayo.

Prokofiev anakhala zaka zomalizira za moyo wake pa dacha m'mudzi wa Nikolina Gora pakati chikhalidwe Russian ankakonda, anapitiriza kulemba mosalekeza, kuphwanya zoletsa madokotala. Mikhalidwe yovuta ya moyo inakhudzanso luso la kulenga. Pamodzi ndi zaluso zenizeni, pakati pa ntchito za zaka zaposachedwa pali ntchito za "lingaliro losavuta" - kufotokozera "Msonkhano wa Volga ndi Don" (1951), oratorio "On Guard of the World" (1950), Suite "Winter Bonfire" (1950), masamba ena a ballet "Nthano ya maluwa a miyala" (1950), Seventh Symphony. Prokofiev anamwalira tsiku lomwelo ndi Stalin, ndipo kutsazikana kwa woimba wamkulu wa ku Russia pa ulendo wake womaliza kunabisika ndi chisangalalo chodziwika bwino chokhudza maliro a mtsogoleri wamkulu wa anthu.

Mawonekedwe a Prokofiev, omwe ntchito yake imatenga zaka 4 ndi theka lazaka zachipwirikiti za XNUMX, yasintha kwambiri. Prokofiev anatsegula njira ya nyimbo zatsopano za m'zaka za zana lathu, pamodzi ndi akatswiri ena oyambirira a zaka za zana - C. Debussy. B. Bartok, A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky, olemba sukulu ya Novovensk. Analowa mu zojambulajambula ngati wosokoneza molimba mtima wa zolemba zakale zamaluso zachikondi zachikondi ndi kukhwima kwake. M'njira yachilendo kukulitsa miyambo ya M. Mussorgsky, A. Borodin, Prokofiev anabweretsa mu nyimbo mphamvu zosalamulirika, kuukira, dynamism, kutsitsimuka kwa primordial mphamvu, ankaona ngati "barbarism" ("Obsession" ndi Toccata kwa limba, "Sarcasms"; symphonic "Scythian Suite" molingana ndi ballet "Ala ndi Lolly"; Concerto Yoyamba ndi Yachiwiri ya Piano). Nyimbo za Prokofiev zimagwirizana ndi zatsopano za oimba ena a ku Russia, olemba ndakatulo, ojambula, ogwira ntchito zamasewera. "Sergey Sergeevich amasewera mitsempha yachifundo kwambiri ya Vladimir Vladimirovich," V. Mayakovsky adanena za imodzi mwa machitidwe a Prokofiev. Kuluma komanso kowutsa mudyo kumudzi waku Russia wophiphiritsa kudzera mu prism ya kukongola kokongola ndi mawonekedwe a ballet "Nthano ya Jester Yemwe Ananyenga Jester Asanu ndi Awiri" (kutengera nthano zochokera ku gulu la A. Afanasyev). Poyerekeza osowa pa nthawi lyricism; ku Prokofiev, alibe chilakolako ndi chidwi - ndi wamanyazi, wodekha, wosakhwima ("Fleeting", "Tales of an Old Grandmother" pa piano).

Kuwala, variegation, kufotokozera kowonjezereka ndizofanana ndi kalembedwe kachilendo zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Iyi ndi opera "Chikondi cha Malalanje Atatu", akuwomba ndi chisangalalo, ndi chidwi, pogwiritsa ntchito nthano ya K. Gozzi ("galasi la champagne", malinga ndi A. Lunacharsky); Chochititsa chidwi cha Third Concerto ndi mphamvu yake yamoto, yomwe inayambika ndi nyimbo yodabwitsa ya chitoliro cha chiyambi cha gawo loyamba, mawu omveka a chimodzi mwa zosiyana za gawo lachiwiri (1-2); kukangana kwamphamvu kwamphamvu mu "Mngelo Wamoto" (zochokera m'buku la V. Bryusov); mphamvu ya ngwazi ndi kukula kwa Second Symphony (1917); "Cubist" urbanism wa "Steel lope"; Kufotokozera kwanyimbo kwa "Maganizo" (21) ndi "Zinthu Mwazokha" (1924) kwa piyano. Mtundu nthawi 1934-1928s. chodziwika ndi kudziletsa kwanzeru kobadwa mu kukhwima, kuphatikizidwa ndi kuya ndi nthaka yadziko yamalingaliro aluso. Wolembayo amayesetsa kuti pakhale malingaliro ndi mitu ya anthu onse, kujambula zithunzi za mbiri yakale, zowoneka bwino, zomveka bwino zoimba nyimbo. Mzere wopangira uwu unakula kwambiri m'ma 30s. mogwirizana ndi mavuto amene anthu a ku Soviet Union anakumana nawo m’zaka za nkhondo. Kuwulura za makhalidwe a mzimu wa munthu, generalizations zakuya zaluso kukhala cholinga chachikulu cha Prokofiev: "Ine ndine wotsimikiza kuti wopeka, monga ndakatulo, wosema, wojambula, anaitanidwa kutumikira munthu ndi anthu. Iyenera kuyimba za moyo wa munthu ndikutsogolera munthu ku tsogolo labwino. Izi, kuchokera kumalingaliro anga, ndizojambula zosagwedezeka.

Prokofiev anasiya cholowa chachikulu kulenga - 8 zisudzo; 7 ballet; 7 symphonies; 9 piano sonata; 5 ma concerto a piyano (omwe Lachinayi ndi la dzanja limodzi lamanzere); 2 violin, 2 cello concertos (Wachiwiri - Symphony-konsati); 6 makapu; oratorio; 2 mawu ndi symphonic suites; zidutswa za piyano zambiri; zidutswa za orchestra (kuphatikiza Russian Overture, Symphonic Song, Ode mpaka Mapeto a Nkhondo, 2 Pushkin Waltzes); chamber work (Overture on Jewish themes for clarinet, piano and string quartet; Quintet for oboe, clarinet, violin, viola ndi double bass; 2 string quartets; 2 sonatas ya violin ndi piyano; Sonata ya cello ndi piyano; zingapo za nyimbo zoimba kwa mawu A. Akhmatova, K. Balmont, A. Pushkin, N. Agnivtsev ndi ena).

Creativity Prokofiev analandira kuzindikira padziko lonse. Phindu losatha la nyimbo zake liri mu kuwolowa manja kwake ndi kukoma mtima, kudzipereka kwake ku malingaliro apamwamba aumunthu, mu kulemerera kwa kuwonetsera kwa luso la ntchito zake.

Y. Kholopov

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