Karl Ilyich Eliasberg |

Karl Eliasberg

August 9, 1942. Pamilomo ya aliyense - "Leningrad - blockade - Shostakovich - 7 symphony - Eliasberg". Kenako kutchuka padziko lonse kunadza kwa Karl Ilyich. Papita zaka pafupifupi 65 kuchokera pa konsatiyi, ndipo padutsa zaka pafupifupi XNUMX kuchokera pamene kondakitala anamwalira. Kodi chithunzi cha Eliasberg chikuwoneka bwanji lero?

M’maso mwa anthu a m’nthawi yake, Eliasberg anali mmodzi mwa atsogoleri a m’badwo wake. Mawonekedwe ake odziwika anali luso lanyimbo losowa, "zosatheka" (kutanthauzira kwa Kurt Sanderling) kumva, kuwona mtima ndi kukhulupirika "mosasamala kanthu za nkhope", kukhala ndi cholinga ndi khama, maphunziro a encyclopedic, kulondola ndi kusunga nthawi mu chilichonse, kupezeka kwa njira yake yophunzitsira idapangidwa. zaka. (Apa Yevgeny Svetlanov akukumbukiridwa kuti: "Ku Moscow, panali milandu yosalekeza pakati pa oimba athu a Karl Ilyich. Aliyense ankafuna kumutenga. Aliyense ankafuna kugwira naye ntchito. Phindu la ntchito yake linali lalikulu. ") Kuwonjezera apo, Eliasberg ankadziwika kuti ndi woperekeza kwambiri , ndipo anaonekera pakati pa anthu a m'nthawi yake poimba nyimbo Taneyev, Scriabin ndi Glazunov, ndi pamodzi ndi JS Bach, Mozart, Brahms ndi Bruckner.

Kodi woimbayu, yemwe ankakondedwa kwambiri ndi anthu a m’nthawi yake, anadziikira cholinga chotani, n’chiyani chinamuthandiza mpaka m’masiku otsiriza a moyo wake? Apa tikufika ku imodzi mwamakhalidwe akuluakulu a Eliasberg monga wotsogolera.

Kurt Sanderling, m’zolemba zake za Eliasberg, anati: “Ntchito ya woimba nyimbo za orchestra ndi yovuta.” Inde, Karl Ilyich anamvetsa izi, koma anapitiriza "kukankhira" pamagulu omwe adamupatsa. Ndipo siziri ngakhale kuti iye mwakuthupi sakanatha kupirira zabodza kapena pafupifupi kuphedwa kwa lemba la wolemba. Eliasberg anali kondakitala woyamba wa ku Russia kuzindikira kuti “simungapite patali ndi ngolo yakaleyo.” Ngakhale nkhondo isanayambe, oimba abwino kwambiri a ku Ulaya ndi ku America anafika pa maudindo atsopano, ndipo gulu laling'ono la oimba la ku Russia siliyenera (ngakhale popanda zida ndi zida) kutsata kugonjetsa dziko lapansi.

M'zaka za nkhondo itatha, Eliasberg adayendera kwambiri - kuchokera ku mayiko a Baltic kupita ku Far East. Iye anali ndi oimba makumi anayi ndi asanu muzochita zake. Anawaphunzira, anadziwa mphamvu zawo ndi zofooka zawo, nthawi zambiri amafika pasadakhale kuti amvetsere gululo asanakonzekere (kuti akonzekere bwino ntchito, kukhala ndi nthawi yokonza ndondomeko yobwerezabwereza ndi mbali za orchestra). Mphatso ya Eliasberg yowunikira inamuthandiza kupeza njira zabwino komanso zogwirira ntchito ndi oimba. Pano pali lingaliro limodzi lokha lopangidwa pamaziko a maphunziro a ma symphonic a Eliasberg. Zikuwonekeratu kuti nthawi zambiri ankaimba nyimbo za Haydn ndi oimba onse, osati chifukwa chakuti ankakonda nyimboyi, koma chifukwa chakuti ankaigwiritsa ntchito ngati njira.

Oimba a ku Russia omwe anabadwa pambuyo pa 1917 anaphonya maphunziro awo zinthu zosavuta zomwe ndi zachilengedwe kusukulu ya ku Ulaya ya symphony. "Haydn Orchestra", imene symphonism European anakula, m'manja mwa Eliasberg anali chida chofunika kudzaza kusiyana mu symphony m'banja sukulu. Basi? Mwachiwonekere, koma zinayenera kumvetsetsedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito, monga momwe Eliasberg anachitira. Ndipo ichi ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chokha. Masiku ano, poyerekeza zojambulira za oimba abwino kwambiri aku Russia azaka makumi asanu zapitazo ndi oimba amakono, oimba bwino kwambiri a oimba athu "kuyambira ang'onoang'ono mpaka akulu", mumamvetsetsa kuti ntchito yodzipereka ya Eliasberg, yemwe adayamba ntchito yake pafupifupi yekha, sanali. pachabe. Njira yachilengedwe yosinthira zochitika zidachitika - oimba a orchestra amakono, atadutsa muzochita zake, "akudumpha pamwamba pa mitu yawo" m'makonsati ake, pomwe aphunzitsi adakweza zofunikira zaukadaulo kwa ophunzira awo. Ndipo m'badwo wotsatira wa oimba oimba, ndithudi, anayamba kusewera zoyera, ndendende, kukhala kusinthasintha mu ensembles.

Mwachilungamo, tikuwona kuti Karl Ilyich sakanatha kukwaniritsa yekha. Otsatira ake oyambirira anali K. Kondrashin, K. Zanderling, A. Stasevich. Ndiye mbadwo wa pambuyo pa nkhondo "wogwirizana" - K. Simeonov, A. Katz, R. Matsov, G. Rozhdestvensky, E. Svetlanov, Yu. Temirkanov, Yu. Nikolaevsky, V. Verbitsky ndi ena. Ambiri a iwo adadzitcha okha ophunzira a Eliasberg.

Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti, kwa mbiri ya Eliasberg, pomwe amalimbikitsa ena, adadzikulitsa ndikudziwongolera. Kuchokera kwa wotsogolera wolimba ndi "kufinya" (malinga ndi zikumbukiro za aphunzitsi anga), adakhala mphunzitsi wodekha, woleza mtima, wanzeru - umu ndi momwe ife, oimba a 60s ndi 70s, timamukumbukira. Ngakhale kuuma kwake kunalibe. Panthaŵiyo, njira yolankhulirana yoteroyo pakati pa wotsogolera ndi gulu la oimba zinkaoneka ngati yachibwanabwana kwa ife. Ndipo pambuyo pake m'pamene tinazindikira kuti tinali ndi mwayi kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yathu.

Mu dikishonale yamakono, epithets "nyenyezi", "genius", "man-legend" ndizofala, zataya tanthauzo lake loyambirira. Anzeru a m'badwo wa Eliasberg adanyansidwa ndi kuyankhulana kwapakamwa. Koma pokhudzana ndi Eliasberg, kugwiritsa ntchito epithet "nthano" sikunawoneke ngati kodzikuza. Wonyamula "kutchuka kuphulika" yekha anachita manyazi ndi izo, osadziona ngati wabwino kuposa ena, ndipo m'nkhani zake za kuzingidwa, oimba ndi otchulidwa ena a nthawi imeneyo anali otchulidwa.

Victor Kozlov