Chromatic system |

Chromatic system - dongosolo la masitepe khumi ndi awiri, kuwonjezereka kwa tonality, - dongosolo la mgwirizano wa tonal womwe umalola, mkati mwa tonality yoperekedwa, chojambula cha dongosolo lililonse pa masitepe khumi ndi awiri a chromatic scale.

Zachindunji za X. ndi. ndi masitepe omwe sanaphatikizidwe mu machitidwe a diatonic kapena akuluakulu ang'onoang'ono (onani Diatonic, Major-Minor) ndipo sizogwirizana ndi ma subsystems (zopatuka) mwa iwo; mu chitsanzo amalembedwa ndi zolemba zakuda:

Chitsanzo chogwiritsa ntchito mogwirizana kuchokera ku X ndi:

SS Prokofiev “Betrothal in a Monastery” (“Duenna”), chithunzi 1. (Chord X. s. n II imagwira ntchito m'malo mwa DV pano molingana ndi mfundo ya kusintha kwa tritone.)

Harmony X. kukhala ndi kuwala kwakukulu ndi kuwala kwa mawu. Pali mitundu iwiri yofunikira ya X. c. - ndi kusungidwa kwa maziko a mono-mode (chromatic yaikulu kapena chromatic yaying'ono; mu ntchito za SS Prokofiev) ndi kukana (chromatic tonality popanda kufotokoza mode; ndi P. Hindemith). Machitidwe a mitundu yonse iwiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito onse ndi pakati ngati mawonekedwe a consoner. consonance (onani chitsanzo pamwambapa; komanso fugue mu C kuchokera ku Hindemith's Ludus tonalis), komanso ndi dissonance. pakati (mutu waukulu wa "Great Sacred Dance" kuchokera ku "The Rite of Spring" ndi IF Stravinsky; mutu waukulu wa gawo lachiwiri la "Lyrical Suite" ndi Berg). Dep. mawonetseredwe a X. ndi. zopezeka kale mu nyimbo za m'ma 2. (AP Borodin, kutseka kwa nyimbo za "Polovtsian Dances" kuchokera ku opera "Prince Igor": HV-I), koma ndizodziwika kwambiri panyimbo zamatoni zazaka za zana la 19. (DD Shostakovich, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, AI Khachaturyan, TN Khrennikov, DB Kabalevsky, RK Shchedrin, A. Ya. Eshpay, RS Ledenev, B Bartok, A. Schoenberg, A. Webern ndi ena).

Mu lingaliro la sayansi ya nyimbo X. ndi. idayikidwa patsogolo ndi SI Taneev (1880, 1909) ndi BL Yavorsky (1908). Mawu akuti "chromatic tonality" adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Schoenberg (1911). Kutanthauzira kwamakono X. s. Wolemba VM Belyaev (1930). Mwatsatanetsatane chiphunzitso cha X. ndi. zidapangidwa mu 60s. Zaka za m'ma 20 (M. Skorik, SM Slonimsky, ME Tarakanov, etc.).

Zothandizira: Taneev SI, Kalata kwa PI Tchaikovsky ya August 6, 1880, m'buku: PI Tchaikovsky - SI Taneev, Letters, (M.), 1951; ake omwe, Movable counterpoint of hard writing, Leipzig, 1909, M., 1959; Yavorsky B., Kapangidwe ka mawu oimba, gawo 1, M., 1908; Catuar GL, Theoretical course of harmony, magawo 1-2, M., 1924-1925; Belyaev VM, "Boris Godunov" ndi Mussorgsky. Zomwe zachitika pakuwunika kwamaphunziro ndi zongopeka, m'buku: Mussorgsky, Zolemba ndi kafukufuku, vol. 1, M., 1930; Ogolevets AS, Chiyambi cha kulingalira kwamakono kwa nyimbo, M.-L., 1946; Skorik MM, Prokofiev ndi Schoenberg, "SM", 1962, No 1; ake, Ladovaya dongosolo S. Prokofiev, K., 1969; Slonimsky SM, Prokofiev a Symphonies. Zochitika pa kafukufuku, M.-L., 1964; Tiftikidi N., Chromatic system, “Musicology”, vol. 3, Alma-Ata, 1967; Tarakanov ME, Mtundu wa Prokofiev symphonies, M., 1968; Schoenberg A., Harmonielehre, W., 1911; Hindemith P., Unterweisung im Tonsatz, Bd 1, Mainz, 1937; Kohoutek S., Novodobé skladebné smery v hudbe, Praha, 1965 (Kumasulira kwa Chirasha - Kohoutek Ts., Njira yopangira nyimbo zazaka za 1976, M., XNUMX).

Yu. N. Kholopov