Complex counterpoint |
Complex counterpoint - kuphatikiza kwa polyphonic kwa mawu otukuka (osiyana kapena ofanana motsanzira), omwe amapangidwira kubwereza kosinthika kosinthika, kuchulukitsa ndi kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha mawu awa (mosiyana ndi mawu osavuta - German einfacher Kontrapunkt - mawu ophatikizika a polyphonic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'modzi mwazophatikiza zawo).
Kumayiko ena, mawu akuti “S. ku.” sichikugwira ntchito; mwa iye. zolemba zanyimbo zimagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro lofananira mehrfacher Kontrapunkt, kutanthauza katatu komanso kanayi kosunthika kosunthika. Mu S. to., kulumikizana koyambirira (koperekedwa, koyambirira) kwa melodic kumasiyanitsidwa. mawu ndi mankhwala amodzi kapena angapo otuluka - polyphonic. zosankha zoyambirira. Kutengera mtundu wa zosinthazi, pali, malinga ndi ziphunzitso za SI Taneyev, mitundu itatu ikuluikulu yotsutsa: malo olumikizirana ndi mafoni (ogawanika kukhala osunthika, opingasa komanso oyenda kawiri), malo osinthika osinthika (ogawanika kukhala athunthu komanso osakwanira osinthika) ndi counterpoint, yomwe imalola kuwirikiza kawiri (imodzi mwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafoni). Mitundu yonse iyi ya S. to. nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa; mwachitsanzo, mu fugue Credo (No 12) kuchokera ku misa ya JS Bach mu h-moll, maulamuliro awiri a yankho (mu miyeso 4 ndi 6) amapanga mgwirizano woyamba - stretta yokhala ndi mtunda wolowera wa miyeso ya 2 (yopangidwanso mu miyeso 12-17), m'mipiringidzo 17-21, kulumikizana kochokera kumamvekera pagawo losunthika (mtunda woyambira ndi miyeso 11/2 ndikusintha koyima kwa mawu otsika a kulumikizana koyambirira ndi duodecime, mawu apamwamba pansi ndi lachitatu), mu miyeso 24-29 kulumikiza kochokera kumapangidwa kuchokera ku kugwirizana mu miyeso 17-21 mu vertically movable counterpoint (Iv = - 7 - double counterpoint ya octave; kupangidwanso pamtunda wosiyana mu mipiringidzo 29 -33), kuchokera ku bar 33 ikutsatira stretta mu mawu 4 ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mutu mu bass: pamwamba. mawu awiriwa akuyimira kaphatikizidwe kochokera ku stretta yoyambirira yosunthika mowirikiza (malo oyambira mtunda 1/4 bar; kuseweredwa mosiyanasiyana pamipiringidzo 38-41) ndikuwirikiza pamwamba. mawu ndi wachisanu ndi chimodzi kuchokera pansi (mwachitsanzo, mawu a polyphonic omwe sanaphatikizidwe muzophatikiza pamwambapa, komanso mawu otsatizana nawo a 8, amasiyidwa). Onani chitsanzo onani col. 94.
Mu fp. quintet g-moll op. 30 SI Taneeva, ntchito yoyambirira imachitidwa ndi kulumikizana kwa mutu wa chipani chachikulu ndi mtundu wake wosinthidwa kumayambiriro kwa kubwereza kwa gawo loyamba (muyeso wa 1 pambuyo pa nambala 2);
Contrapuntal Combinations in Credo (No 12) kuchokera ku Mass in h-moll lolemba JS Bach.
chochokera mu mawonekedwe a canon (chiwerengero cha 78) chimapangidwa chifukwa cha kusintha kosasunthika ndipo nthawi yomweyo kugwira mawu apamwamba pakuwonjezeka; kumayambiriro kwa coda (muyeso wa 3 pambuyo pa chiwerengero cha 100) chochokera ku malo osunthika kawiri (mtunda wolowera ndi 1 muyeso, mawu apansi amasunthidwa ndi decima, chapamwamba ndi quintdecima pansi); kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono kumathera mu coda yomaliza, komwe kusinthira mawu ovomerezeka. kutsatizana (nambala 219), kuyimira kugwirizana kochokera kumalo osunthika kawiri (mawu oyambira mtunda wa 2, mawu onse akuyenda molunjika); kupitilira apo (chitsa cha 4 pambuyo pa nambala 220) kulumikizana kochokera ndi kanoni komwe kumakhala kosunthika komanso kopingasa ndipo panthawi imodzimodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kanayi kwa bass (mawu otsagana ndi kuwirikiza amasiyidwa mu chitsanzo):
Kuphatikizika kosagwirizana mu piyano quintet g-moll op. 30 SI Taneeva.
Pomaliza. kanoni mosinthana ndi b-moll fugue kuchokera mu voliyumu yachiwiri ya JS Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier ndi chitsanzo cha malo osakwanira osinthika omwe ali ndi kuwirikiza kawiri. Nambala yachisanu kuchokera ku "Musical Offering" ya Bach ndi kanoni kosalekeza kofalitsidwa komwe kumatsagana ndi liwu ili, pomwe kulumikizana koyamba kumapanga pamwamba. mawu ndi osavuta (P), otuluka mumalo osakwanira osunthika osunthika - m'mawu omwewo ndi risposta (R Compound counterpoint):
S. kuti. - malo omwe mwachiwonekere amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mbali yomveka ya kulenga. ndondomeko ya wolembayo, yomwe makamaka imatsimikizira chithunzi chofananira cha muses. kulankhula. S. kuti. - maziko a mapangidwe a polyphony, imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri za polyphonic. chitukuko ndi kusintha. Zothekera zake zidakwaniritsidwa ndikupangidwa ndi ambuye amachitidwe okhwima; mu nthawi zotsatila za chitukuko cha nyimbo. mlandu komanso masiku ano. Nyimbo za S. zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu polyphonic. ndi mawonekedwe a homophonic.
Chitsanzo chanyimbo kuchokera kumawu oyamba a Taneyev's Mobile Counterpoint of Strict Writing.
ufulu harmonic wa nyimbo zamakono amalola olemba ntchito zovuta kwambiri mu luso. zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya S. ndi mkangano wawo. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, mu No. 23 kuchokera ku Shchedrin's Polyphonic Notebook, kuphatikiza koyambirira kwa mitu yonse iwiri ya fugue (mipiringidzo 1-5) kumapereka seti (onani mipiringidzo 9, 14, 19 ndi 22, 30, 35., 40) , 45) ya zinthu zosabwerezabwereza zotuluka m'malo oyimirira, opingasa komanso osunthika kawiri (ndi kuwirikiza).
Mitundu itatu ya S. to. SI Taneyev ankaona chachikulu, koma osati okhawo zotheka. Chidutswa chomwe chasindikizidwa m'mawu oyamba a buku la "Mobile counterpoint of kulemba mosamalitsa" chikuwonetsa kuti Taneyev adaphatikizidwa m'dera la uXNUMXbuXNUMXbS. k. komanso mtundu wa izo, kumene otumphukira pawiri aumbike chifukwa cha ntchito rakish kayendedwe.
M'zolemba zake, SI Taneev sanaganizire kuti akhoza kusinthidwa (ngakhale kuti iyi inali mbali ya ndondomeko ya kafukufuku wake wa sayansi) kapena contrapoint counterpoint (monga, mwachiwonekere, inalibe tanthauzo lenileni panthawiyo). Chiphunzitso cha polyphony, poganizira mbali zamasiku ano. mchitidwe wopeka, amakulitsa lingaliro la S. kuti. ndipo imawona ngati mitundu yake yodziyimira payokha ngati rakohodny counterpoint, komanso kulola kuwonjezereka kapena kutsika kwa gulu lochokera ku. kuchokera ku mavoti oimba apachiyambi. Mwachitsanzo, kumapeto kwa rondo kwa symphony yachitatu ya Karaev, kukana koyamba kumalembedwa ngati 3-goli. zopanga pomwe mawu obwera (mofanana mofanana ndi mutuwo) amawonjezedwa pamodzi ndi zotsutsana ndi mawu amtundu wa dodecaphone; The 3nd hold of the refrain (nambala 2) ndi gawo lochokera ku recoil counterpoint; mu gawo lachiwiri, lolembedwa ngati fugue, reprise stretta (miyezo 4 mpaka nambala 2) imapangidwa ndikuchita mutuwo kutsogolo ndi kutsogolo; pa chiyambi cha reprise gawo 16 la symphony (nambala 10), 1 zolinga zikumveka. Canon yopanda malire, pamwamba ndi pati. liwu ndi mutu-mndandanda molunjika, liwu lapakati liri mu kayendetsedwe ka gulaye, ndipo lapansi liri mumayendedwe otsetsereka.
Counterpoint, kulola kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa mu chimodzi kapena zingapo. mawu, ongophunzitsidwa pang'ono.
HA Rimsky-Korsakov. "Nthano ya Mzinda Wosaoneka wa Kitezh ...", Act 3, scene 2.
Zitsanzo zambiri zochokera ku nyimbo zachikale ndi zamakono zimasonyeza kuti kuphatikiza ndi kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa nthawi zambiri kumachitika popanda kuwerengera koyambirira, mosadziwa (onani chitsanzo pamwambapa kuchokera ku Bach's Credo; "Kutulutsa" - gawo lachiwiri la L. Grabowski "Little Chamber Music No. 2" - amapangidwa ndikuchititsa mutu wa dodecaphonic, womwe mitundu yake imawonjezedwa pakuchepetsa kwa 1-2). Komabe, m'mabuku ena, kupeza zosakanikirana zamtunduwu, mwachiwonekere, zinali mbali ya cholinga choyambirira cha wolembayo, chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti iwo ndi gawo la s. Bach; mu gawo la 15 la symphony ya 1 ya Glazunov, chochokera (chiwerengero cha 1) chimachokera pamagulu oyambirira (chiwerengero cha 8) muzitsulo zosakwanira zosinthika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mawu amodzi; kuphatikizika kovutirapo ndi kuwonjezereka kwamutu kumapanga zotumphukira zotumphukira mu FP. Taneev's g-moll quintet (nambala 30 ndi 31; onani chitsanzo mu col. 78).
V. Tormis. "N'chifukwa chiyani akudikirira Jaan" (Nambala 4 kuchokera ku "Nyimbo za Tsiku la Jan").
Masiku ano chiphunzitso cha polyphony chimapanga kusintha kwa kutanthauzira kwa counterpoint, komwe kumalola kuwirikiza kawiri, kuyambira ma harmonic. Miyezo ya nyimbo zazaka za zana la 20. koma achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito kubwereza ku.-l. def. nthawi kapena nyimbo. Mwachitsanzo, mu chithunzi chachiwiri cha 2 cha opera "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh ndi Maiden Fevronia" ndi Rimsky-Korsakov (nambala 3), kutsanzira kwa leitmotif ya Chitata kumaperekedwa ndi malingaliro ofanana. nyimbo zisanu ndi ziwiri (onani chitsanzo a); m’nyimbo yakuti “N’chifukwa Chiyani akudikirira Yaan” (Nambala 210 yochokera m’njira yoimba nyimbo ya “Nyimbo za Tsiku la Yaan” yolembedwa ndi V. Tormis), mawuwo amayendera limodzi la magawo asanu (“momwe akuyendera mogwirizana”, monga mmene SS Grigoriev anafotokozera; onani chitsanzo b), mu No 4 ya kuzungulira kuwirikiza kofanana kumakhala ndi chikhalidwe chamagulu (onani chitsanzo c);
V. Tormis. "Nyimbo ya Tsiku la Jan" (Nambala 7 kuchokera mu "Nyimbo za Tsiku la Jan").
mu "Night" kuchokera ku Prokofiev's "Scythian Suite" mawu omwe ali muzomangamanga zopanda malire amapangidwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana (onani chitsanzo d, col. 99).
SS Prokofiev "Scythian Suite", gawo lachitatu ("Usiku").
Gome la mitundu yonse yotheka mwaukadaulo ya s. ku.
Zothandizira: Taneev SI, Movable counterpoint yolemba mwamphamvu, Leipzig, 1909, M., 1959; Taneev SI, Kuchokera ku sayansi ndi pedagogical heritage, M., 1967; Bogatyrev SS, Reversible counterpoint, M., 1960; Korchinsky E., Ku funso la chiphunzitso cha kutsanzira ovomerezeka, L., 1960; Grigoriev SS, Pa nyimbo ya Rimsky-Korsakov, M., 1961; Yuzhak K., Zina mwa mawonekedwe a fugue ndi JS Bach, M., 1965; Pustylnik I. Ya., Movable counterpoint and free writing, L., 1967. Onaninso lit. pansi pa zolemba Movable counterpoint, Reversible counterpoint, Rakokhodny movement.
VP Frayonov
