Ernest Ansermet |

Ernest Ansermet

Chithunzi chodabwitsa komanso chodabwitsa cha wotsogolera waku Switzerland chikuwonetsa nthawi yonse yakukula kwa nyimbo zamakono. Mu 1928, magazini ya ku Germany yotchedwa Di Muzik inalemba m’nkhani imene inafotokoza za Anserme kuti: “Mofanana ndi ochititsa maphunziro ochepa chabe, iye ndi wa nthawi yathu yonse. Pokhapokha pamaziko a chithunzithunzi chochuluka, chotsutsana cha moyo wathu, munthu angathe kumvetsetsa umunthu wake. Kumvetsetsa, koma osati kuchepetsa ku chilinganizo chimodzi.

Kufotokozera za Anserme zachilendo kulenga njira kumatanthauzanso m'njira zambiri kunena nkhani ya moyo nyimbo za dziko lake, ndipo koposa zonse zodabwitsa Orchestra wa Romanesque Switzerland, anakhazikitsidwa ndi iye mu 1918.

Pamene gulu la oimba linakhazikitsidwa, Ernest Ansermet anali ndi zaka 35. Kuyambira ali mwana, iye ankakonda nyimbo, anathera nthawi yaitali pa piyano. Koma sanalandire mwadongosolo nyimbo, ndipo makamaka maphunziro kondakitala. Anaphunzira ku gymnasium, mu cadet Corps, ku Lausanne College, komwe adaphunzira masamu. Pambuyo pake, Ansermet anapita ku Paris, kukakhala nawo m’kalasi la wotsogolera pa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, anakhala m’nyengo yachisanu ku Berlin, akumvetsera makonsati a oimba otchuka. Kwa nthawi yaitali sanathe kukwaniritsa maloto ake: kufunika kopeza ndalama kunakakamiza mnyamatayo kuti aphunzire masamu. Koma nthawi yonseyi, Ansermet sanasiye malingaliro oti akhale woimba. Ndipo pamene, zikuwoneka, chiyembekezo cha ntchito ya sayansi chinatsegulidwa pamaso pake, adasiya zonse kuti atenge malo ochepetsetsa a oimba ang'onoang'ono oimba ku Montreux, omwe adangopezeka mwachisawawa. Pano m'zaka zimenezo omvera amafashoni anasonkhana - oimira anthu apamwamba, olemera, komanso ojambula. Mwa omvera a kondakitala wamng'ono anali mwanjira Igor Stravinsky. Msonkhano uwu unali wotsimikiza m'moyo wa Ansermet. Posakhalitsa, pa malangizo a Stravinsky Diaghilev anamuitanira ku malo ake - ku gulu Russian ballet. Kugwira ntchito kuno sikunangothandiza Anserme kupeza chidziwitso - panthawiyi adadziwa nyimbo za ku Russia, zomwe adakhala wokonda kwambiri moyo wake.

Pazaka zovuta zankhondo, ntchito ya wojambulayo idasokonezedwa kwakanthawi - m'malo mwa ndodo ya kondakitala, adakakamizikanso kutenga cholozera cha mphunzitsi. Koma kale mu 1918, atasonkhanitsa oimba bwino Swiss, Ansermet anakonza, kwenikweni, woyamba akatswiri oimba mu dziko lake. Apa, pamphambano za ku Ulaya, pamphambano za zisonkhezero zosiyanasiyana ndi mafunde chikhalidwe, anayamba ntchito yake palokha.

Okhestra anali ndi oimba makumi asanu ndi atatu okha. Tsopano, patatha zaka theka, ndi limodzi mwa magulu abwino kwambiri ku Ulaya, omwe ali ndi anthu oposa zana ndipo amadziwika kulikonse chifukwa cha maulendo ake ndi zojambula.

Kuyambira pachiyambi, chifundo cha kulenga cha Ansermet chinafotokozedwa momveka bwino, chikuwonetsedwa muzojambula ndi maonekedwe a timu yake. Choyamba, ndithudi, nyimbo za ku France (makamaka Ravel ndi Debussy), mu kusamutsidwa kwa mapepala okongola omwe Ansermet ali ndi ofanana ochepa. Ndiye Russian classics, "Kuchkists". Ansermet anali woyamba kudziwitsa anthu akwawo, ndi omvera ambiri ochokera m'mayiko ena, ntchito yawo. Ndipo potsiriza, nyimbo zamakono: Honegger ndi Milhaud, Hindemith ndi Prokofiev, Bartok ndi Berg, ndipo koposa zonse, Stravinsky, mmodzi mwa olemba omwe amakonda kwambiri. Kutha kwa Ansermet kuyatsa oimba ndi omvera, kuwakopa ndi mitundu yosangalatsa ya nyimbo za Stravinsky, kumawululira mwanzeru zake zonse zomwe adalemba zoyambirira - The Rite of Spring. "Petrushka", "Firebird" - ndipo akadali wosayerekezeka. Monga momwe mmodzi wa otsutsawo ananenera, “gulu lanyimbo lotsogozedwa ndi Ansermet limawala ndi mitundu yonyezimira, moyo wonse, limapuma mozama ndi kukopa omvera ndi mpweya wake.” Mu repertoire iyi, chikhalidwe chodabwitsa cha kondakitala, pulasitiki ya kutanthauzira kwake, inadziwonetsera mwanzeru zake zonse. Ansermet ankapewa mitundu yonse ya cliches ndi miyezo - kutanthauzira kwake kulikonse kunali koyambirira, osati ngati chitsanzo chilichonse. Mwina, apa, m'lingaliro labwino, kusowa kwa Ansermet kwa sukulu yeniyeni, kumasuka kwake ku miyambo ya otsogolera, kunali ndi zotsatira. Zowona, kutanthauzira kwa nyimbo zachikale ndi zachikondi, makamaka oimba a Chijeremani, komanso Tchaikovsky, sizinali zolimba za Ansermet: apa mfundo zake zidakhala zosatsimikizika, nthawi zambiri zachiphamaso, zopanda kuya ndi kukula.

Wofalitsa wokonda nyimbo wamakono, yemwe adayambitsa moyo wa ntchito zambiri, Ansermet, komabe, adatsutsa mwamphamvu zizolowezi zowononga zomwe zimachokera kumayendedwe amakono a avant-garde.

Ansermet anayendera dziko la USSR kawiri, mu 1928 ndi 1937. Luso la kondakitala poimba nyimbo zachifalansa ndi ntchito za Stravinsky zinayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi omvera athu.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek