Polytonality |

kuchokera ku Greek polus - zambiri ndi tonality

Mtundu wapadera wa kalankhulidwe ka tonal, kachitidwe kophatikiza (koma kogwirizana) kamvekedwe ka mawu, komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. m’nyimbo zamakono. P. - "osati chiwerengero cha makiyi angapo ... koma zovuta zawo kaphatikizidwe, kupereka modal khalidwe latsopano - modal dongosolo zochokera polytonicity" (Yu. I. Paisov). P. atha kukhala ngati kuphatikiza ma toni ambiri (chord P.), nyimbo zamatani ambiri. mizere (melodic. P.) ndi kuphatikiza nyimbo ndi nyimbo. mizere (yosakanikirana P.). Kunja, P. nthawi zina amawoneka ngati mawonekedwe apamwamba a zigawo zosiyana za tonally pamwamba pa mzake (onani chitsanzo pansipa).

P., monga lamulo, ali ndi malo amodzi ("politonic", malinga ndi Paisov), omwe, komabe, si monolithic (monga momwe amachitira nthawi zonse), koma angapo, polyharmonically stratified (onani Polyharmony). Magawo ake ("subtonic", malinga ndi Paisov) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma tonic a makiyi osavuta, a diatonic (nthawi zotere, P. ndi "pseudochromatic" yonse, malinga ndi VG Karatygin; onani Polyladovost).

SS Prokofiev "Sarcasms", No 3.

Maziko ambiri a kutuluka kwa P. ndizovuta (dissonant ndi chromatic) modal modal, momwe tertian structure ya chords ikhoza kusungidwa (makamaka pamlingo wa subchords). Chitsanzo cha polytonic kuchokera ku "Sarcasms" ya Prokofiev - polychord b - des (cis) - f - ges (fis) - a - ndi malo amodzi ovuta a dongosolo, osati awiri ophweka, omwe, ndithudi, timawola. izo (zitatu b-moll ndi fis-moll); Chifukwa chake, dongosolo lonselo silingadulidwe ku kiyi imodzi wamba (b-moll), kapena kuchuluka kwa awiri (b-moll + fis-moll). (Monga momwe zinthu zonse zamoyo sizili zofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo zake, consonance of multitonal substructures imaphatikizidwa mu macrosystem omwe sangathe kuchepetsedwa kukhala kuphatikiza makiyi awiri kapena angapo: "kaphatikizidwe pakumvetsera", mawu a polytonal. "Zimakhala zamitundu yambiri" - Mu V. Asafiev, 1925; motero, macrosystem sayenera kutchedwa dzina la monotonality imodzi yakale, mocheperapo ndi dzina la ma monotonities awiri kapena angapo akale, mwachitsanzo, sangathe. kunena kuti sewero la Prokofiev - onani chitsanzo cha nyimbo - linalembedwa mu b-moll.)

Zogwirizana ndi lingaliro la P. ndi malingaliro a polymode, polychord, polyharmony (kusiyana pakati pawo ndi kofanana ndi pakati pa mfundo zazikuluzikulu: tonality, mode, chord, mgwirizano). Mulingo waukulu wosonyeza kukhalapo kwa ndendende P. monga nthawi yomweyo. kusiyana kwa kutumiza. makiyi, chikhalidwe ndi chakuti aliyense wa iwo akuyimiridwa ndi consonance imodzi (kapena mafanizo popanda kusintha harmonic), koma momveka bwino kumveka ntchito kutsatira (G. Erpf, 1927; Paisov, 1971).

Nthawi zambiri malingaliro a "poly-mode", "poly-chord" ndi "polyharmony" amasakanizidwa molakwika ndi P. Chifukwa chosakaniza mfundo za poly-mode kapena poly-chord ndi P. nthawi zambiri amapereka chiphunzitso cholakwika. kutanthauzira deta yamalingaliro: mwachitsanzo, kamvekedwe ka mawu amatengedwa ngati chachikulu. kamvekedwe (tonic) ya kiyi kapena, mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza kwa C-dur ndi Fis-dur ngati nyimbo (onani mutu wa Petrushka kuchokera ku ballet ya dzina lomwelo ndi IF Stravinsky, chitsanzo chanyimbo pa strip 329) kutengedwa ngati kuphatikiza kwa C-dur ndi Fis- dur monga makiyi (mwachitsanzo, chords amatchulidwa molakwika ndi mawu oti "tonality"; cholakwika ichi chimapangidwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi D. Millau, 1923). Choncho, zitsanzo zambiri za P. zoperekedwa m'mabuku sizikuyimira kwenikweni. Kuchotsa zigawo za ma harmonics kuchokera kumtundu wovuta wa tonal kumapereka zotsatira zofanana (zolakwika) monga kutulutsa kumveka kwa mawu amtundu uliwonse mu fugue kuchokera ku tonal yosavuta (mwachitsanzo, bass mu b-moll fugue stretta yolembedwa ndi Bach, The Well- Clavier wokwiya, voliyumu ya 2, mipiringidzo 33 -37 ingakhale mu Locrian mode).

Ma prototypes a polystructures (P.) amatha kuwoneka mu zitsanzo zina za nar. nyimbo (monga sutartines). Mu European polyphony ndi preform yoyambirira ya P. - modal two-layered (Qurter yotsiriza ya 13th - First Quarter of the 15th century) yokhala ndi "Gothic cadence" yamtunduwu:

cis - d gis - ae - d (onani Cadence).

Glarean ku Dodecachord (1547) adavomereza nthawi yomweyo. kusakanikirana komwe kumaperekedwa ndi mawu osiyanasiyana. kukhumudwa. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha P. (1544) - "kuvina kwachiyuda" ndi X. Neusiedler (m'buku lakuti "Denkmäler der Tonkunst ku Österreich", Bd 37) - kwenikweni sikuyimira P., koma polyscale. M'mbiri yakale, "polytonally" yoyamba yolembedwa zabodza polychord ikumaliza. mipiringidzo ya "Nthabwala Yoyimba" yolembedwa ndi WA Mozart (K..-V. 522, 1787):

Nthawi zina, zochitika zodziwika ngati P. zimapezeka munyimbo zazaka za zana la 19. (MP Mussorgsky, Zithunzi pa Chiwonetsero, "Ayuda Awiri"; NA Rimsky-Korsakov, kusiyana kwa 16 kuchokera ku "Paraphrase" - pamutu woperekedwa ndi AP Borodin). Zochitika zomwe zimatchedwa P. ndizodziwika mu nyimbo zazaka za zana la 20. (P. Hindemith, B. Bartok, M. Ravel, A. Honegger, D. Milhaud, C. Ive, IF Stravinsky, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, K. Shimanovsky, B. Lutoslavsky ndi etc.).

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