François Joseph Gossec |

Francois Joseph Gossec

Chisinthiko cha ma bourgeois aku France chazaka za zana la XNUMX. "Ndinawona m'nyimbo gulu lalikulu la anthu" (B. Asafiev), lomwe lingathe kusonkhezera mwamphamvu maganizo ndi zochita za anthu ndi unyinji wonse. Mmodzi wa oimba amene analamula chidwi ndi maganizo a anthu ambiri amenewa anali F. Gossec. Wolemba ndakatulo komanso wolemba sewero la Revolution, MJ Chenier, amalankhula naye mu ndakatulo ya Mphamvu ya Nyimbo: "Harmonious Gossek, pamene lipenga lanu lakulira linawona bokosi la wolemba Meropa" (Voltaire. - SR), “patali, mumdima woopsawo, kulira kwa kulira kwa maliro a maliro, kulira kopanda phokoso kwa ng’oma zothina ndi kulira koopsa kwa ng’oma kunamveka.”

Mmodzi wa ziwerengero zazikulu zoimba ndi anthu, Gossec moyo wake unayamba kutali ndi zikhalidwe za ku Ulaya, m'banja osauka wamba. Analowa nawo nyimbo pasukulu yoimba ku Antwerp Cathedral. Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, woimba wamng'onoyo ali kale ku Paris, komwe amapeza wothandizira, wolemba nyimbo wotchuka wa ku France JF Rameau. Mu zaka 3 chabe Gossec anatsogolera mmodzi wa oimba bwino ku Ulaya (chapel wa mlimi wamkulu La Pupliner), amene anatsogolera kwa zaka eyiti (1754-62). M'tsogolomu, mphamvu, bizinesi ndi ulamuliro wa Mlembi wa Boma zidatsimikizira kuti amatumikira m'matchalitchi a akalonga a Conti ndi Conde. Mu 1770, adakonza gulu la Amateur Concerts, ndipo mu 1773 adasintha gulu la Sacred Concerts, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1725, ndikukhala mphunzitsi ndi woimba nyimbo ku Royal Academy of Music (Grand Opera). Chifukwa cha maphunziro otsika a oimba a ku France, kusintha kwa maphunziro a nyimbo kunali kofunika, ndipo Gossec anayamba kukonza Royal School of Singing and Recitation. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1784, mu 1793 idakula kukhala National Music Institute, ndipo mu 1795 kukhala malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, omwe Gossek anakhalabe pulofesa ndi woyang'anira wotsogolera mpaka 1816. Pamodzi ndi aphunzitsi ena, adagwira ntchito m'mabuku ophunzirira nyimbo ndi maphunziro. M'zaka za Revolution ndi Ufumu, Gossec adakondwera ndi kutchuka kwakukulu, koma poyambira Kubwezeretsa, wolemba nyimbo wa Republican wazaka makumi asanu ndi atatu adachotsedwa ntchito ku Conservatory ndi zochitika zamagulu.

Zokonda zopanga za Mlembi wa Boma ndizochuluka kwambiri. Adalemba zisudzo ndi zisudzo, ma ballet ndi nyimbo zosewerera, oratorios ndi misa (kuphatikiza requiem, 1760). Gawo lamtengo wapatali la cholowa chake linali nyimbo za zikondwerero ndi zikondwerero za French Revolution, komanso nyimbo zoimbira (60 symphonies, pafupifupi 50 quartets, trios, overtures). Mmodzi mwa oimba nyimbo zazikulu za ku France za m'zaka za m'ma 14, Gossec adayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake chifukwa cha luso lake lopereka zida za dziko la France ku ntchito ya orchestra: kuvina, nyimbo, arioznost. Mwina ndi chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amatchedwa woyambitsa French symphony. Koma ulemerero wosasweka wa Gossek uli mu nyimbo yake yayikulu yokonda dziko. Wolemba wa "Nyimbo ya Julayi 200", kwaya "Galamukani, anthu!", "Hymn to Freedom", "Te Deum" (kwa ochita XNUMX), lodziwika bwino la Maliro Marichi (lomwe lidakhala chiwonetsero chamayendedwe amaliro a symphonic ndi zida za olemba azaka za zana la XNUMX), Gossek adagwiritsa ntchito zosavuta komanso zomveka kwa omvera ambiri, zithunzi zanyimbo. Kuwala kwawo ndi zachilendo zinali kotero kuti kukumbukira kwawo kudasungidwa m'ntchito ya olemba ambiri azaka za zana la XNUMX - kuchokera ku Beethoven kupita ku Berlioz ndi Verdi.

S. Rytsarev