Georg Philipp Telemann |

Georg Philipp Teleman

Teleman. Suite a-moll. "Judicial"

Zirizonse zomwe timagamula za ubwino wa ntchitoyi, munthu sangalephere kudabwa ndi zokolola zake zodabwitsa komanso mphamvu yodabwitsa ya munthu uyu yemwe, kuyambira zaka khumi mpaka makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi, amalemba nyimbo mwachangu komanso mosangalala. R. Rollan

Ngakhale kuti tsopano sitingathe kugawana maganizo a anthu a m'nthawi ya HF Telemann, omwe adamuika kukhala wapamwamba kuposa JS Bach komanso osatsika kuposa GF Handel, analidi m'modzi mwa oimba anzeru kwambiri aku Germany a nthawi yake. Zochita zake zopanga ndi zamalonda ndizodabwitsa: Wolembayo, yemwe akuti adapanga ntchito zambiri monga Bach ndi Handel kuphatikiza, Telemann amadziwikanso kuti ndi wolemba ndakatulo, wokonza luso laluso, yemwe adapanga ndikuwongolera oimba ku Leipzig, Frankfurt am Main, omwe adathandizira kuti apeze holo yoyamba yamagulu a anthu ku Germany, ndikuyambitsa imodzi mwa magazini oyambirira a nyimbo za ku Germany. Uwu si mndandanda wathunthu wa ntchito zomwe adachita bwino. Mu mphamvu ndi luso lazamalonda ili, Telemann ndi munthu wa Chidziwitso, nthawi ya Voltaire ndi Beaumarchais.

Kuyambira ali wamng'ono, kupambana mu ntchito yake kunali limodzi ndi kugonjetsa zopinga. Ntchito yokhayo ya nyimbo, kusankha ntchito yake poyamba kunathamangira kukana kwa amayi ake. Pokhala munthu wophunzira kwambiri (anaphunzira pa yunivesite ya Leipzig), Telemann Komabe, sanalandire maphunziro mwadongosolo nyimbo. Koma izi zinali zoposa kuthetsedwa ndi ludzu lachidziŵitso ndi luso lochitengera mwaluso, zomwe zinasonyeza moyo wake mpaka ukalamba. Anasonyeza chidwi ndi chidwi ndi zonse zabwino komanso zabwino, zomwe Germany inali yotchuka panthawiyo. Pakati pa abwenzi ake pali ziwerengero monga JS Bach ndi mwana wake FE Bach (mwa njira, Telemann's godson), Handel, osatchula ochepa, koma oimba akuluakulu. Chisamaliro cha Telemann pa masitayelo akunja sichinali chamtengo wapatali ku Italy ndi French panthawiyo. Atamva nthano za Chipolishi m'zaka za Kapellmeister ku Silesia, adasilira "kukongola kwake koyipa" ndipo adalemba nyimbo zingapo za "Polish". Ali ndi zaka 80-84, adapanga zina mwazochita zake zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimadabwitsa molimba mtima komanso zachilendo. Mwinamwake, panalibe malo ofunika kwambiri a nthawi imeneyo, omwe Telemann akanadutsa. Ndipo iye anachita ntchito yaikulu mwa aliyense. Chifukwa chake, ma opera opitilira 40, ma oratorios 44 (opanda pake), mikombero yapachaka ya 20 ya cantatas zauzimu, nyimbo zopitilira 700, ma suites oimba pafupifupi 600, ma fugues ambiri ndi nyimbo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zida. Tsoka ilo, gawo lalikulu la cholowachi tsopano latayika.

Handel anadabwa kuti: “Telemann akulemba sewero la tchalitchi mofulumira monga momwe kalata imalembedwera.” Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, iye anali wogwira ntchito kwambiri, yemwe ankakhulupirira kuti mu nyimbo, "sayansi yosatha iyi sangapite kutali popanda kugwira ntchito mwakhama." Mu mtundu uliwonse, sanathe kusonyeza luso lapamwamba, komanso kunena mawu ake, nthawi zina zatsopano. Anatha kugwirizanitsa mwaluso zotsutsana. Choncho, kuyesetsa mu luso (chitukuko cha nyimbo, mgwirizano), m'mawu ake, "kufika pansi kwambiri", komabe, anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri za kumvetsetsa ndi kupezeka kwa nyimbo zake kwa omvera wamba. Iye analemba kuti: “Iye wodziŵa kuthandiza ambiri, achita bwino koposa wolembera oŵerengeka. Wolembayo adaphatikiza kalembedwe ka "zowopsa" ndi "kuwala", zomvetsa chisoni ndi nthabwala, ndipo ngakhale sitipeza kutalika kwa Bach muzolemba zake (monga momwe woimba wina adanenera, "sanayimbe mpaka muyaya"). muli zambiri zokopa mwa iwo. Makamaka, iwo anagwira mphatso ya nthabwala yachilendo ya woimbayo ndi luntha lake losatha, makamaka posonyeza zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndi nyimbo, kuphatikizapo kulira kwa achule, kusonyeza kuyendayenda kwa munthu wolumala, kapena chipwirikiti cha malonda. Mu ntchito ya Telemann zopiringizana mbali za baroque ndi otchedwa gallant kalembedwe ndi momveka bwino, kusangalatsa, okhudza.

Ngakhale kuti Telemann anakhala nthawi yambiri ya moyo wake m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya ku Germany (otalika kuposa ena - ku Hamburg, komwe adatumikira monga wotsogolera nyimbo ndi nyimbo), kutchuka kwake kunapitirira malire a dziko, kufika ku Russia. Koma m’tsogolo, nyimbo za woimbayo zinaiwalika kwa zaka zambiri. Chitsitsimutso chenicheni chinayamba, mwinamwake, kokha mu 60s. za m’zaka za zana lathu, monga umboni wa ntchito yosatopa ya Telemann Society mu mzinda wa ubwana wake, Magdeburg.

O. Zakharova