Avet Rubenovich Terterian (Avet Terterian) |

Terterian Avet

… Avet Terteryan ndi wopeka amene symphonism ndi mwachibadwa njira mawu. K. Meyer

Zoonadi, pali masiku ndi nthawi zomwe m'maganizo ndi m'maganizo zimaposa zaka zambiri, zimakhala zosinthika m'moyo wa munthu, zimatsimikizira tsogolo lake, ntchito yake. Kwa mnyamata wazaka khumi ndi ziwiri, pambuyo pake wolemba nyimbo wotchuka wa Soviet Avet Terteryan, masiku akukhala kwa Sergei Prokofiev ndi anzake m'nyumba ya makolo a Avet, ku Baku, kumapeto kwa 1941, anakhala afupi kwambiri, koma kwambiri. . Prokofiev adzigwira yekha, kulankhula, kufotokoza maganizo ake momasuka , momveka bwino ndikuyamba tsiku lililonse ndi ntchito. Ndiyeno iye anali kupanga opera "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere", ndipo m'mawa modabwitsa, waluntha phokoso la nyimbo anathamangira kuchokera pabalaza, kumene piyano anayima.

Alendowo adachoka, koma patapita zaka zingapo, pamene funso linabuka posankha ntchito - kaya kutsatira mapazi a abambo ake ku sukulu ya zachipatala kapena kusankha chinthu china - mnyamatayo adatsimikiza mtima - ku sukulu ya nyimbo. Avet adalandira maphunziro ake oimba kuchokera ku banja lomwe linali loimba kwambiri - abambo ake, katswiri wodziwika bwino wa laryngologist ku Baku, nthawi ndi nthawi ankaitanidwa kuti aziimba maudindo a P. Tchaikovsky ndi G. Verdi, amayi ake. anali ndi soprano yochititsa chidwi kwambiri, mng'ono wake Herman pambuyo pake anakhala kondakitala.

Wolemba nyimbo wa ku Armenia A. Satyan, wolemba nyimbo zotchuka kwambiri ku Armenia, komanso mphunzitsi wodziwika bwino G. Litinsky, ali ku Baku, adalangiza Terteryan mwamphamvu kuti apite ku Yerevan ndikuphunzira mozama. Ndipo posakhalitsa Avet adalowa mu Yerevan Conservatory, m'gulu la E. Mirzoyan. Pa maphunziro ake, iye analemba Sonata kwa Cello ndi Piano, amene anali kupereka mphoto pa mpikisano Republican ndi pa All-Union Review wa Young Composers, zachikondi pa mawu a ndakatulo Russian ndi Armenian, Quartet mu C yaikulu, mawu-symphonic cycle "Motherland" - ntchito yomwe imamubweretsera kupambana kwenikweni, inapatsidwa mphoto ya All-Union pa mpikisano wa Young Composers mu 1962, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi, motsogoleredwa ndi A. Zhuraitis, zikumveka mu Hall of Mizati.

Pambuyo pa kupambana koyamba kunabwera mayesero oyambirira okhudzana ndi phokoso la mawu-symphonic lotchedwa "Revolution". Kuchita koyamba kwa ntchitoyi kunalinso komaliza. Komabe, ntchitoyo sinapite pachabe. Mavesi ochititsa chidwi a wolemba ndakatulo wa ku Armenia, woimba wa Revolution, Yeghishe Charents, adatenga malingaliro a woimbayo ndi mphamvu zawo zamphamvu, phokoso la mbiri yakale, kulimbikitsa anthu. Zinali ndiye, mu nthawi ya kulephera kulenga, kuti kudzikundikira kwambiri mphamvu kunachitika ndipo mutu waukulu wa zilandiridwenso anapangidwa. Kenako, ali ndi zaka 35, wolembayo adadziwa motsimikiza - ngati mulibe, simuyenera kuchita nawo nyimbo, ndipo m'tsogolomu adzatsimikizira ubwino wa malingaliro awa: mutu wake, mutu waukulu ... Zinawuka pakuphatikizana kwa malingaliro - Motherland ndi Revolution, kuzindikira kwa dialectical za kuchuluka kwa izi, modabwitsa momwe amachitira. Lingaliro lolemba sewero lodzazidwa ndi zolinga zapamwamba za ndakatulo za Charents linapangitsa wolemba nyimboyo kufunafuna chiwembu champhamvu chosinthira zinthu. Mtolankhani V. Shakhnazaryan, atakopeka ndi ntchito ya librittist, posakhalitsa ananena - nkhani ya B. Lavrenev "Forty-First". Zochita za opera anasamutsidwa ku Armenia, kumene m'zaka zomwezo nkhondo zosintha zinali kuchitika m'mapiri a Zangezur. Ngwazizo zinali msungwana wamba komanso msilikali wa asilikali omwe kale anali asanayambe kusintha. Mavesi okhudza mtima a Charents anamveka m’nyimboyi ndi woŵerenga, m’kwaya ndi m’zigawo zaumwini.

Opera adalandira mayankho ambiri, adadziwika ngati ntchito yowala, yaluso, komanso yaukadaulo. Zaka zingapo pambuyo kuwonekera koyamba kugulu mu Yerevan (1967), izo zinachitika pa siteji ya zisudzo ku Halle (GDR), ndipo mu 1978 anatsegula International Chikondwerero cha GF Handel, umene umachitika chaka chilichonse ku dziko la wolemba.

Atapanga opera, wolembayo amalemba ma symphonies 6. Kuthekera kwa kumvetsetsa kwa filosofi mu malo a symphonic a zithunzi zomwezo, mitu yomweyi imamukopa makamaka. Ndiye ballet "Richard III" yozikidwa pa W. Shakespeare, opera "Chivomezi" yochokera pa nkhani ya wolemba German G. Kleist "Chivomerezi ku Chile" komanso kachiwiri ma symphonies - Seventh, Eighth - akuwonekera. Aliyense amene kamodzi kamodzi anamvetsera mosamala symphony iliyonse ya Terteryaia pambuyo pake adzazindikira mosavuta nyimbo zake. Ndichindunji, chokhazikika, chimafuna chidwi chokhazikika. Apa, phokoso lililonse likutuluka ndi chithunzi palokha, lingaliro, ndipo timatsatira mosakayikira kusuntha kwake, monga tsogolo la ngwazi. Zithunzi zomveka za ma symphonies zimafika pafupifupi kuwonetserako: chigoba cha phokoso, phokoso-wosewera, womwenso ndi fanizo la ndakatulo, ndipo timamasulira tanthauzo lake. Ntchito za Terteryan zimalimbikitsa omvera kuti atembenuzire maso awo amkati ku mfundo zenizeni za moyo, ku magwero ake osatha, kuganizira za kufooka kwa dziko ndi kukongola kwake. Chifukwa chake, nsonga zandakatulo za ma symphonies a Terterian ndi zisudzo nthawi zonse zimakhala mawu osavuta amtundu wa anthu, omwe amachitidwa ndi mawu, zida zachilengedwe, kapena zida zoimbira. Umu ndi momwe gawo la 2 la Symphony Yachiwiri likumveka - monophonic baritone improvisation; gawo la Third Symphony - gulu la ma duduk awiri ndi ma zurn awiri; nyimbo ya kamancha imene imaloŵerera m’chizungulire chonse mu Fifth Symphony; dapa chipani mu Chachisanu ndi chiwiri; pachimake chachisanu ndi chimodzi padzakhala kwaya, kumene mmalo mwa mawu pali phokoso la zilembo za Chiameniya "ayb, ben, gim, dan", ndi zina zotero monga chizindikiro cha kuwala ndi uzimu. Zosavuta, zingawonekere, zizindikiro, koma zili ndi tanthauzo lakuya. Mu ichi, ntchito ya Terteryan ikugwirizana ndi luso la ojambula monga A. Tarkovsky ndi S. Parajanov. Kodi ma symphony anu amakhudza chiyani? omvera amafunsa Terteryan. "Pazinthu zonse," wolembayo akuyankha, akusiya aliyense kuti amvetsetse zomwe zili.

Nyimbo za Terterian zimachitidwa pa zikondwerero za nyimbo zapadziko lonse lapansi - ku Zagreb, komwe kuwunika kwa nyimbo zamasiku ano kumachitika chaka chilichonse, pa "Warsaw Autumn", ku West Berlin. Amamvekanso m'dziko lathu - ku Yerevan, Moscow, Leningrad, Tbilisi, Minsk, Tallinn, Novosibirsk, Saratov, Tashkent ... Wopangayo pano akuwoneka kuti akuphatikizidwa m'mawu olemba anzawo. Tsatanetsatane wochititsa chidwi: ma symphonies, malingana ndi kutanthauzira, pa luso, monga momwe wolembayo akuti, "kumvera phokoso", akhoza kukhala nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Symphony Yake Yachinayi idamveka mphindi 22 ndi 30, Yachisanu ndi chiwiri - ndi 27 ndi 38! Kugwirizana koteroko, kulenga ndi woimbayo kunaphatikizapo D. Khanjyan, wotanthauzira modabwitsa wa ma symphonies ake 4 oyambirira. G. Rozhdestvensky, amene nyimbo zake zomveka bwino za Chachinayi ndi Chachisanu zinamveka, A. Lazarev, yemwe nyimbo yake yachisanu ndi chimodzi imamveka mochititsa chidwi, yolembedwa kwa oimba a chipinda, kwaya ya chipinda ndi ma phonogram 9 ndi kujambula kwa oimba lalikulu la symphony, harpsichords ndi belu. kulira.

Nyimbo za Terteryan zimapemphanso omvera kuti azigwirizana. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikugwirizanitsa zoyesayesa zauzimu za woyimba, woimba ndi womvera mu kuzindikira kosatopa ndi kovuta kwa moyo.

M. Rukhkyan