SERGEY Ivanovich Taneyev |

SERGEY Taneyev

Taneyev anali wamkulu komanso wanzeru mu umunthu wake wamakhalidwe abwino komanso malingaliro ake opatulika kwambiri pa zaluso. L. Sabaneev

Mu nyimbo za ku Russia za kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana, S. Taneyev ali ndi malo apadera kwambiri. Wodziwika bwino wa nyimbo ndi anthu, mphunzitsi, woyimba piyano, katswiri woyamba wa nyimbo ku Russia, munthu wa makhalidwe abwino osowa, Taneyev anali wodziwika bwino pa moyo wa chikhalidwe cha nthawi yake. Komabe, ntchito yaikulu ya moyo wake, kulemba, sanapeze nthawi yomweyo kuzindikira kwenikweni. Chifukwa si kuti Taneyev ndi innovator kwambiri, moonekera patsogolo pa nthawi yake. M'malo mwake, nyimbo zake zambiri zinkaonedwa ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake ngati zachikale, monga chipatso cha "maphunziro a pulofesa", ntchito yowuma ya ofesi. Chidwi cha Taneev kwa ambuye akale, ku JS Bach, WA Mozart, chinkawoneka chachilendo komanso chosayembekezereka, adadabwa ndi kumamatira kwake kumitundu yakale ndi mitundu. Pambuyo pake, chidziwitso cha kulondola kwa mbiri ya Taneyev chinabwera, yemwe ankafuna chithandizo cholimba cha nyimbo za ku Russia mu cholowa cha Pan-European, kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa ntchito zonse za kulenga.

Pakati pa oimira banja lakale lolemekezeka la Taneyevs, panali okonda luso loimba nyimbo - anali Ivan Ilyich, atate wa woimba wamtsogolo. Luso loyambirira la mnyamatayo linathandizidwa m'banjamo, ndipo mu 1866 adasankhidwa ku Moscow Conservatory yomwe inatsegulidwa kumene. M'kati mwa makoma ake, Taneev anakhala wophunzira wa P. Tchaikovsky ndi N. Rubinshtein, awiri mwa anthu akuluakulu a nyimbo za ku Russia. Maphunziro anzeru ku Conservatory mu 1875 (Taneyev anali woyamba mu mbiri yake kupereka Mendulo ya Golide Grand) amatsegula chiyembekezo chachikulu kwa woimba wamng'ono. Izi ndi zosiyanasiyana konsati ntchito, ndi kuphunzitsa, ndi mozama wopeka ntchito. Koma choyamba Taneyev amapita kunja.

Kukhala ku Paris, kulumikizana ndi chikhalidwe cha ku Europe kudakhudza kwambiri wojambula wazaka makumi awiri. Taneyev akuwunikanso kwambiri zomwe adakwanitsa kudziko lakwawo ndipo amapeza kuti maphunziro ake, oimba komanso othandizira anthu onse, ndi osakwanira. Atafotokoza dongosolo lolimba, akuyamba kugwira ntchito molimbika pakukulitsa malingaliro ake. ntchito imeneyi anapitiriza kwa moyo wake wonse, chifukwa Taneyev anatha kukhala ofanana ndi anthu ophunzira kwambiri m'nthawi yake.

Zomwezo mwadongosolo mwadongosolo ndizokhazikika pakupanga kwa Taneyev. Ankafuna kuti adziwe bwino za chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za ku Ulaya, kuti aganizirenso pa nthaka yake yaku Russia. Mwambiri, monga momwe wolemba wachinyamatayo adakhulupirira, nyimbo zaku Russia zilibe maziko a mbiri yakale, ziyenera kutengera zomwe zidachitika mumitundu yakale yaku Europe - makamaka ma polyphonic. Wophunzira komanso wotsatira Tchaikovsky, Taneyev amapeza njira yakeyake, kupanga nyimbo zachikondi komanso kulimba mtima kwa mawu. Kuphatikiza uku ndikofunikira kwambiri pamawonekedwe a Taneyev, kuyambira pazomwe adakumana nazo koyamba. Pachimake choyamba apa chinali chimodzi mwa ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri - cantata "John wa ku Damasiko" (1884), yomwe inayambitsa chiyambi cha dziko la mtundu uwu mu nyimbo za ku Russia.

Nyimbo zakwaya ndi gawo lofunikira la cholowa cha Taneyev. Woipekayo adamvetsetsa mtundu wakwaya ngati gawo lachiwonetsero chapamwamba, epic, filosofi. Choncho sitiroko yaikulu, monumentality wa nyimbo zake kwaya. Kusankhidwa kwa olemba ndakatulo kulinso kwachilengedwe: F. Tyutchev, Ya. Polonsky, K. Balmont, m'mavesi ake Taneyev akugogomezera zithunzi za kudzidzimutsa, kukongola kwa chithunzi cha dziko lapansi. Ndipo pali chophiphiritsa china chakuti njira ya kulenga ya Taneyev imapangidwa ndi cantatas ziwiri - nyimbo yochokera pansi pamtima "Yohane wa ku Damasiko" yochokera ku ndakatulo ya AK Tolstoy ndi fresco yaikulu "Pambuyo powerenga salmo" ku St. A. Khomyakov, ntchito yomaliza ya wolemba.

Oratorio ndi chibadidwe mu chilengedwe chachikulu kwambiri cha Taneyev - opera trilogy "Oresteia" (malinga ndi Aeschylus, 1894). M'malingaliro ake a opera, Taneyev akuwoneka kuti akutsutsana ndi zomwe zikuchitika pano: ngakhale pali kulumikizana kosakayika ndi miyambo yakale yaku Russia (Ruslan ndi Lyudmila ndi M. Glinka, Judith ndi A. Serov), Oresteia ali kunja kwa zisudzo za opera. za nthawi yake. Taneyev ali ndi chidwi ndi munthuyo monga chiwonetsero cha chilengedwe chonse, mu tsoka lachi Greek lachikale akuyang'ana zomwe anali kuyang'ana muzojambula zonse - zamuyaya ndi zoyenera, lingaliro la makhalidwe abwino mu thupi langwiro lachikale. Mdima waupandu umatsutsidwa ndi kulingalira ndi kuwala - lingaliro lapakati la zaluso zakale limatsimikiziridwanso mu Oresteia.

Symphony mu C yaying'ono, imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri za nyimbo zaku Russia, ili ndi tanthauzo lomwelo. Taneyev anakwaniritsa symphony kaphatikizidwe weniweni wa Russian ndi European, makamaka mwambo Beethoven. Lingaliro la symphony limatsimikizira kupambana kwa chiyambi chomveka bwino cha harmonic, momwe sewero lopweteka la kayendetsedwe ka 1 likuthetsedwa. The cyclic mbali zinayi dongosolo la ntchito, zikuchokera mbali munthu zimachokera ku mfundo zachikale, kutanthauziridwa m'njira yachilendo kwambiri. Choncho, lingaliro la mgwirizano wadziko linasinthidwa ndi Taneyev kukhala njira yolumikizira nthambi za leitmotif, kupereka mgwirizano wapadera wa chitukuko cha cyclic. Mu ichi, munthu akhoza kumva chikoka chosakayikitsa cha chikondi, zomwe zinachitikira F. Liszt ndi R. Wagner, kutanthauzira, komabe, mwa mawonekedwe omveka bwino.

Zopereka za Taneyev pagawo la nyimbo za zida za chipinda ndizofunika kwambiri. Gulu lachinyumba cha ku Russia likuyenera kukula kwa iye, zomwe makamaka zinatsimikizira kupititsa patsogolo kwamtunduwu mu nthawi ya Soviet mu ntchito za N. Myaskovsky, D. Shostakovich, V. Shebalin. Luso la Taneyev limagwirizana bwino ndi kapangidwe ka nyimbo za chipinda, zomwe, malinga ndi B. Asafiev, "zili ndi tsankho lake pazokhutira, makamaka mu gawo la luntha lapamwamba, m'munda wa kulingalira ndi kulingalira." Kusankhidwa kolimba, chuma cha njira zowonetsera, zolemba zopukutidwa, zofunikira mumitundu yachipinda, zakhalabe zabwino kwa Taneyev. Polyphony, organic ku kalembedwe ka wolembayo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu quartets zake za chingwe, mu ensembles ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa piyano - Trio, Quartet ndi Quintet, chimodzi mwazolengedwa zabwino kwambiri za wolemba. Kulemera kwapadera kwa nyimbo za ensembles, makamaka zigawo zawo pang'onopang'ono, kusinthasintha ndi kukula kwa chitukuko cha maphunziro, pafupi ndi nyimbo zaulere, zamadzimadzi za nyimbo zamtundu.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa nyimbo ndi khalidwe la chikondi cha Taneyev, chomwe ambiri apeza kutchuka kwambiri. Mitundu yanyimbo yanthawi zonse komanso yojambula, yofotokozera-balad zachikondi ndizofanana ndi zomwe wolembayo amakonda. Pofotokoza za chithunzi cha ndakatulo, Taneyev adawona kuti mawuwa ndi omwe amafotokozera zaluso zonse. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti anali m'modzi mwa oyamba kutchula zachikondi "ndakatulo ya mawu ndi piyano".

Luntha lapamwamba lomwe lili mu chikhalidwe cha Taneyev lidawonetsedwa mwachindunji muzolemba zake za nyimbo, komanso muzochita zake zotakata, zowona mtima zophunzitsa. Zokonda zasayansi za Taneyev zidachokera ku malingaliro ake opanga. Chotero, malinga ndi kunena kwa B. Yavorsky, “anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi mmene akatswiri onga Bach, Mozart, Beethoven anapezera luso lawo.” Ndipo mwachilengedwe kuti kafukufuku wamkulu wa Taneyev "Mobile counterpoint of hard writing" amaperekedwa kwa polyphony.

Taneyev anali mphunzitsi wobadwa. Choyamba, chifukwa chakuti anapanga njira yakeyake yopangira zinthu mosamalitsa ndipo ankatha kuphunzitsa ena zimene iyeyo anaphunzira. Pakatikati pa mphamvu yokoka sichinali kalembedwe kayekha, koma mfundo zonse zapadziko lonse za nyimbo. Ndicho chifukwa chake chifaniziro cholenga cha olemba omwe adadutsa m'kalasi ya Taneyev ndi yosiyana kwambiri. S. Rachmaninov, A. Scriabin, N. Medtner, An. Alexandrov, S. Vasilenko, R. Glier, A. Grechaninov, S. Lyapunov, Z. Paliashvili, A. Stanchinsky ndi ena ambiri - Taneyev adatha kupatsa aliyense wa iwo maziko ambiri omwe umunthu wa wophunzira unakula.

Ntchito zosiyanasiyana za kulenga za Taneyev, zomwe zinasokonezedwa mwadzidzidzi mu 1915, zinali zofunika kwambiri pa luso la Russia. Malingana ndi Asafiev, "Taneyev ...

S. Savenko

Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev ndiye wolemba wamkulu kwambiri kuyambira zaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi XNUMX. Wophunzira wa NG Rubinstein ndi Tchaikovsky, mphunzitsi wa Scriabin, Rachmaninov, Medtner. Pamodzi ndi Tchaikovsky, iye ndi mutu wa Moscow wolemba sukulu. Malo ake a mbiri yakale akufanana ndi omwe Glazunov ankakhala ku St. M'badwo uwu wa oimba, makamaka, oimba awiri otchulidwawo anayamba kusonyeza kuyanjana kwa zinthu zopanga za New Russian School ndi wophunzira wa Anton Rubinstein - Tchaikovsky; kwa ophunzira a Glazunov ndi Taneyev, ndondomekoyi idzapitabe patsogolo kwambiri.

kulenga moyo Taneyev anali kwambiri ndi multifaceted. Ntchito za Taneyev, wasayansi, woyimba piyano, mphunzitsi, zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi ntchito ya Taneyev, wolemba nyimbo. Kulumikizana, kuchitira umboni umphumphu wa kuganiza nyimbo, akhoza kutsatiridwa, mwachitsanzo, mu maganizo Taneyev kwa polyphony: mu mbiri ya Russian chikhalidwe nyimbo, iye amachita monga mlembi wa maphunziro nzeru "Mobile counterpoint of kulemba okhwima" ndi "Kuphunzitsa. za ovomerezeka ", ndipo monga mphunzitsi wa maphunziro counterpoint opangidwa ndi iye ndi fugues pa Moscow Conservatory, ndipo monga mlengi wa nyimbo zoimbira, kuphatikizapo limba, imene polyphony ndi njira yamphamvu ya ophiphiritsa khalidwe ndi mawonekedwe.

Taneyev ndi mmodzi mwa oyimba piyano wamkulu wa nthawi yake. M'mabuku ake, malingaliro owunikira adawululidwa momveka bwino: kusowa kwathunthu kwa zidutswa za virtuoso za mtundu wa salon (zomwe zinali zosowa ngakhale m'ma 70s ndi 80s), kuphatikizidwa mu mapulogalamu a ntchito zomwe sizinamveke kapena kusewera kwa nthawi yoyamba ( makamaka, ntchito zatsopano za Tchaikovsky ndi Arensky). Anali wosewera wodziwika bwino, yemwe adachita ndi LS Auer, G. Venyavsky, AV Verzhbilovich, Czech Quartet, adayimba zida za piyano muzolemba za Beethoven, Tchaikovsky ndi zake. M'munda wa piyano pedagogy Taneyev anali wolowa m'malo yomweyo ndi wolowa m'malo NG Rubinshtein. Udindo wa Taneyev pakupanga sukulu ya piano ya Moscow sikungokhala kuphunzitsa limba pa Conservatory. Chachikulu chinali chikoka cha limba Taneyev kwa oimba amene anaphunzira mu makalasi ake ongopeka, pa limba nyimbo iwo analenga.

Taneyev adagwira ntchito kwambiri pakukula kwa maphunziro a ntchito yaku Russia. Pankhani ya chiphunzitso cha nyimbo, zochita zake zinali mbali ziwiri zazikulu: kuphunzitsa maphunziro okakamiza ndi kuphunzitsa olemba nyimbo m'makalasi a nyimbo. Anagwirizanitsa mwachindunji luso la mgwirizano, polyphony, instrumentation, njira ya mawonekedwe ndi luso la kupanga. Mastery "adamupezera mtengo womwe umadutsa malire a ntchito zamanja ndi luso ... ndipo uli, pamodzi ndi deta yothandiza ya momwe angapangire ndi kupanga nyimbo, maphunziro omveka a nyimbo monga kuganiza," BV Asafiev anatsutsa. Pokhala mtsogoleri wa Conservatory mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 80, ndipo m'zaka zotsatira anali wokangalika mu maphunziro oimba, Taneyev ankadera nkhawa kwambiri za mlingo wa maphunziro oimba ndi ongolankhula achinyamata oimba-oimba, za demokalase wa moyo. nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Iye anali mmodzi wa okonza ndi ophunzira yokangalika ya Conservatory People, mabwalo ambiri maphunziro, gulu la sayansi "Musical ndi ongolankhula Library".

Taneyev anali chidwi kwambiri kuphunzira wowerengeka zilandiridwenso nyimbo. Iye analemba ndi kukonzedwa pafupifupi makumi atatu nyimbo Chiyukireniya ntchito nthano Russian. M'chilimwe cha 1885, anapita ku North Caucasus ndi Svaneti, kumene analemba nyimbo ndi zida za anthu a North Caucasus. Nkhani yakuti "Pa Music of the Mountain Tatars", yolembedwa pazidziwitso zaumwini, ndiyo phunziro loyamba la mbiri yakale komanso lachiphunzitso la nthano za ku Caucasus. Taneyev adagwira nawo ntchito ya Moscow Musical and Ethnographic Commission, yomwe idasindikizidwa m'mabuku ake.

Wambiri Taneyev si wolemera mu zochitika - kapena zokhota za tsogolo kuti mwadzidzidzi kusintha njira ya moyo, kapena "zachikondi" zochitika. Wophunzira wa Moscow Conservatory wa kudya koyamba, iye anali kugwirizana ndi kwawo kusukulu maphunziro kwa pafupifupi zaka makumi anayi ndipo anasiya makoma ake mu 1905, mogwirizana ndi St. Petersburg anzake ndi anzake - Rimsky-Korsakov ndi Glazunov. ntchito Taneyev zinachitika pafupifupi mu Russia. Atangomaliza maphunziro a Conservatory mu 1875, iye anayenda ulendo ndi NG Rubinstein ku Greece ndi Italy; adakhala ku Paris kwa nthawi yayitali mu theka lachiwiri la 70s ndi 1880, koma kenako, m'ma 1900, adangopita ku Germany ndi Czech Republic kuti akachite nawo nyimbo zake kwakanthawi kochepa. Mu 1913, SERGEY Ivanovich anapita ku Salzburg, kumene ankagwira ntchito yochokera ku Mozart Archive.

SI Taneev ndi mmodzi mwa oimba ophunzira kwambiri a nthawi yake. Khalidwe la oimba a ku Russia a kotala lomaliza la zaka zana, kukula kwa maziko a zilandiridwenso ku Taneyev kumachokera ku chidziwitso chakuya, chokwanira cha mabuku oimba a nyengo zosiyanasiyana, chidziwitso chomwe adapeza ndi iye makamaka pa Conservatory, ndiyeno monga womvetsera nyimbo zoimbaimba ku Moscow, St. Petersburg, Paris. Chofunikira kwambiri pazambiri za Taneyev ndi ntchito yophunzitsa ku Conservatory, njira ya "pedagogical" yoganiza ngati kutengera zakale zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa ndi luso. M'kupita kwa nthawi, Taneyev anayamba kupanga laibulale yake (yomwe tsopano yasungidwa ku Moscow Conservatory), ndipo kudziwana ndi mabuku oimba kumapeza zina zowonjezera: komanso kusewera, kuwerenga "diso". Zomwe Taneyev adakumana nazo komanso momwe amawonera sizomwe zimachitikira omvera oimba, komanso "wowerenga" wosatopa wa nyimbo. Zonsezi zinawonekera mu mapangidwe a kalembedwe.

Zochitika zoyamba za mbiri ya nyimbo za Taneyev ndizodabwitsa. Mosiyana ndi pafupifupi olemba onse aku Russia azaka za zana la XNUMX, sanayambe ntchito yake yoimba ndi nyimbo; nyimbo zake zoyamba zidawuka panthawiyi komanso chifukwa cha maphunziro okhazikika a ophunzira, ndipo izi zidatsimikizanso mtundu wanyimbo ndi mawonekedwe a zolemba zake zoyambirira.

Kumvetsetsa mbali za ntchito ya Taneyev kumatanthauza nyimbo ndi mbiri yakale. Mmodzi akhoza kunena mokwanira za Tchaikovsky popanda ngakhale kutchula zolengedwa za ambuye a kalembedwe okhwima ndi baroque. Koma ndizosatheka kufotokoza zomwe zili, malingaliro, kalembedwe, chinenero cha nyimbo za nyimbo za Taneyev popanda kutchula ntchito ya olemba sukulu ya Dutch, Bach ndi Handel, Viennese classics, oimba achikondi a Western Europe. Ndipo, ndithudi, olemba a ku Russia - Bortnyansky, Glinka, A. Rubinstein, Tchaikovsky, ndi anthu a m'nthawi ya Taneyev - St.

Izi zikuwonetseratu makhalidwe a Taneyev, "kufanana" ndi makhalidwe a nthawiyo. Mbiri yamaganizidwe aluso, omwe adadziwika kwambiri theka lachiwiri makamaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, anali odziwika kwambiri kwa Taneyev. Maphunziro a mbiriyakale kuyambira ali wamng'ono, maganizo abwino ku mbiri yakale, adawonetsedwa m'magulu a kuwerenga kwa Taneyev omwe timadziwika kwa ife, monga gawo la laibulale yake, ndi chidwi ndi zosonkhanitsa za museum, makamaka ochita masewera akale, okonzedwa ndi IV Tsvetaev, omwe. anali pafupi naye (tsopano Museum of Fine Arts). Pomanga nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi, bwalo lachi Greek ndi bwalo la Renaissance linawonekera, holo ya Aigupto yowonetsera zosonkhanitsa za Aigupto, ndi zina zotero.

Malingaliro atsopano okhudza cholowa adapanga mfundo zatsopano zamapangidwe. Ofufuza aku Western Europe amatanthauzira kalembedwe kamangidwe kazaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi mawu akuti "mbiri yakale"; m'mabuku athu apadera, lingaliro la "eclecticism" limatsimikiziridwa - osati mwanjira yowunikira, koma monga tanthawuzo la "chodabwitsa chapadera chomwe chinachitika m'zaka za zana la XNUMX." Muzomangamanga za nthawiyo ankakhala masitayelo "akale"; Akatswiri a zomangamanga ankawoneka mu gothic ndi classicism monga poyambira zothetsera zamakono. Luso lazojambula zambiri lidawonekera m'njira zambiri m'mabuku achi Russia a nthawiyo. Kutengera magwiridwe antchito amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ma alloys apadera, "opanga" adapangidwa - monga, mwachitsanzo, pantchito ya Dostoevsky. N'chimodzimodzinso nyimbo.

Poyerekeza ndi mafananidwe omwe ali pamwambawa, chidwi cha Taneyev pa cholowa cha nyimbo za ku Ulaya, mumayendedwe ake akuluakulu, sichikuwoneka ngati "zotsalira" (mawu ochokera ku ndemanga ya "Mozartian" ntchito ya woimba uyu ndi quartet mu E. -flat major), koma ngati chizindikiro cha nthawi yake (ndi mtsogolo!). Mu mzere womwewo - kusankha kwa chiwembu chakale cha opera yokhayo "Oresteia" - kusankha komwe kumawoneka kwachilendo kwa otsutsa opera komanso zachilengedwe m'zaka za zana la XNUMX.

Kukonda kwa wojambula kumadera ena ophiphiritsa, njira zofotokozera, zigawo za stylistic zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mbiri yake, mapangidwe ake amalingaliro, ndi chikhalidwe chake. Zolemba zambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana - zolembedwa pamanja, zilembo, zolemba, zokumbukira zamasiku ano - zimawunikira mawonekedwe a umunthu wa Taneyev ndi kukwanira kokwanira. Amawonetsa chifaniziro cha munthu yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ndi mphamvu ya kulingalira, yemwe amakonda filosofi (koposa zonse - Spinoza), masamu, chess, amene amakhulupirira kupita patsogolo kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso kuthekera kwa dongosolo loyenera la moyo. .

Pokhudzana ndi Taneyev, lingaliro la "intellectualism" nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Sikophweka kufotokoza mawu awa kuchokera kumalo omveka kukhala umboni. Chimodzi mwa zitsimikizo zoyamba ndi chidwi cha kulenga mu masitayelo odziwika ndi intellectualism - High Renaissance, mochedwa Baroque ndi Classicism, komanso mumitundu ndi mawonekedwe omwe amawonetsa bwino malamulo onse amalingaliro, makamaka sonata-symphonic. Uwu ndi umodzi wa zolinga zokhazikitsidwa mwachidwi komanso zisankho zaluso zomwe zimachokera ku Taneyev: umu ndi momwe lingaliro la "Russian polyphony" linamera, likuyendetsedwa ndi ntchito zingapo zoyesera ndikupereka mphukira zenizeni zaluso mu "Yohane waku Damasiko"; Umu ndi momwe kalembedwe kakale ka Viennese adadziwika bwino; mawonekedwe a sewero lanyimbo lalikulu kwambiri, okhwima mkombero anatsimikiziridwa ngati mtundu wapadera wa monothematism. Mtundu uwu wa monothematism wokha umasonyeza chikhalidwe cha machitidwe omwe amatsagana ndi kuganiza mozama kwambiri kuposa "moyo wakumverera", choncho kufunikira kwa mawonekedwe a cyclical ndi kukhudzidwa kwapadera kwa omaliza - zotsatira za chitukuko. Kutanthauzira khalidwe ndilo lingaliro, tanthauzo la filosofi ya nyimbo; chikhalidwe choterocho cha thematism chinapangidwa, momwe mitu yanyimbo imatanthauziridwa m'malo ngati lingaliro loti likhazikitsidwe, osati chithunzi chanyimbo "chodziimira" (mwachitsanzo, kukhala ndi nyimbo). Njira za ntchito yake komanso umboni wa nzeru Taneyev.

Luntha ndi chikhulupiriro mu kulingalira ndizochokera kwa ojambula omwe, kunena kwake, ali amtundu wa "classical". Zofunikira za mtundu uwu wa umunthu wolenga zimawonekera mu chikhumbo cha kumveka bwino, kutsimikiza, mgwirizano, kukwanira, kufotokozera nthawi zonse, chilengedwe chonse, kukongola. Zingakhale zolakwika, komabe, kulingalira za dziko lamkati la Taneyev ngati lamtendere, lopanda zotsutsana. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira zoyendetsera wojambula uyu ndikulimbana pakati pa wojambula ndi woganiza. Woyamba adawona kuti ndi chilengedwe kutsatira njira ya Tchaikovsky ndi ena - kupanga ntchito zomwe zimayenera kuchitika m'makonsati, kulemba m'njira yokhazikitsidwa. Zokonda zambiri, ma symphonies oyambirira adawuka. Yachiwiri idakopeka mosaletseka ndi zowunikira, zongopeka komanso, mokulira, kumvetsetsa mbiri ya ntchito ya wolemba, kuyesa kwasayansi ndi kulenga. Panjira iyi, Zongopeka za Netherlandish pamutu waku Russia, zida zokhwima komanso zoimbaimba zidawuka. Taneyev kulenga njira makamaka mbiri ya malingaliro ndi kukhazikitsa kwawo.

Zonse izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mbiri ya Taneyev, typology ya zolemba zake za nyimbo, chikhalidwe cha kulenga, epistolary (pomwe chikalata chodziwika bwino - makalata ake ndi PI Tchaikovsky) zolemba.

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Cholowa cha Taneyev monga wolemba nyimbo ndi wamkulu komanso wosiyanasiyana. Munthu kwambiri - ndipo nthawi yomweyo zowonetsera - ndi mtundu wa cholowa ichi; ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zovuta zakale komanso zamalembedwe a ntchito ya Taneyev. Kusowa kwa nyimbo zamapulogalamu-symphonic, ma ballet (muzochitika zonsezi - ngakhale lingaliro limodzi); sewero limodzi lokha lodziwika, komanso, "lopanda tanthauzo" kwambiri potengera zolemba ndi chiwembu; ma symphonies anayi, omwe adasindikizidwa ndi wolemba pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri isanathe ntchito yake. Pamodzi ndi izi - cantatas awiri a lyric-philosophical (mwina chitsitsimutso, koma wina anganene, kubadwa kwa mtundu), nyimbo zambirimbiri zamakwaya. Ndipo potsiriza, chinthu chachikulu - makumi awiri chipinda-zida mkombero.

Kwa mitundu ina, Taneyev, titero, anapereka moyo watsopano pa nthaka Russian. Ena anadzazidwa ndi tanthauzo limene silinali lachibadwa mwa iwo kale. Mitundu ina, yosintha mkati, imatsagana ndi woyimba moyo wake wonse - zachikondi, zoimbaimba. Ponena za nyimbo zoimbira zida, mtundu umodzi kapena wina umawonekera munyengo zosiyanasiyana zopanga. Zingaganizidwe kuti m'zaka za kukhwima kwa woimbayo, mtundu wosankhidwa makamaka uli ndi ntchito, ngati siwopanga kalembedwe, ndiye kuti, "woyimira-woyimira". Atapanga mu 1896-1898 symphony mu C wamng'ono - wachinayi motsatizana - Taneyev sanalembe nyimbo zambiri. Mpaka 1905, chidwi chake chokha mu gawo la nyimbo zoimbira chinaperekedwa ku zingwe ensembles. M'zaka khumi zapitazi za moyo wake, ensembles ndi nawo limba yakhala yofunika kwambiri. Kusankhidwa kwa ogwira ntchito kumasonyeza kugwirizana kwambiri ndi mbali yamaganizo ndi zojambulajambula za nyimbo.

Wambiri Taneyev wopeka zimasonyeza kukula mosalekeza ndi chitukuko. Njira yodutsa kuchokera ku zibwenzi zoyamba zokhudzana ndi gawo la kupanga nyimbo zapakhomo kupita kuzinthu zatsopano za "ndakatulo ya mawu ndi piyano" ndi yaikulu; kuyambira m'makwaya ang'onoang'ono komanso osavutikira omwe adasindikizidwa mu 1881 kupita kumagulu akulu a op. 27 ndi op. 35 ku mawu a Y. Polonsky ndi K. Balmont; kuyambira pa zida zoimbira zoyambirira, zomwe sizinasindikizidwe nthawi ya moyo wa wolemba, mpaka mtundu wa "symphony yachipinda" - piano quintet mu G zazing'ono. Cantata yachiwiri - "Nditawerenga salmo" onse amamaliza ndi korona wa ntchito ya Taneyev. Imeneyi ndiyo ntchito yomaliza, ngakhale, ndithudi, sinaganizidwe motere; woipeka anali kukhala ndi ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali ndi intensively. Tikudziwa za mapulani a konkriti a Taneev omwe sanakwaniritsidwe.

Komanso, chiwerengero chachikulu cha malingaliro amene anabuka moyo Taneyev sanakwaniritsidwe mpaka mapeto. Ngakhale pambuyo pa ma symphonies atatu, ma quartets angapo ndi ma trios, sonata ya violin ndi piyano, nyimbo zambiri zoyimba, piyano ndi zidutswa za mawu zidasindikizidwa pambuyo pakufa - zonsezi zidasiyidwa ndi wolemba m'nkhokwe - ngakhale tsopano zitha kufalitsa nyimbo yayikulu. kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwazika. Ili ndilo gawo lachiwiri la quartet mu C zazing'ono, ndi zipangizo za cantatas "Nthano ya Cathedral of Constance" ndi "Mapango Atatu" a opera "Hero ndi Leander", zidutswa zambiri zothandizira. "Kufanana" kumabuka ndi Tchaikovsky, yemwe adakana lingalirolo, kapena adalowa molunjika mu ntchitoyi, kapena, potsiriza, adagwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo muzolemba zina. Palibe chojambula chomwe chidapangidwa mwanjira ina chomwe chingathe kuponyedwa kwamuyaya, chifukwa kumbuyo kwa aliyense kunali kofunikira, kutengeka, kukhudzidwa kwaumwini, kachigawo kakang'ono kake kadayikidwapo. Chikhalidwe cha zokopa za Taneyev ndizosiyana, ndipo mapulani a nyimbo zake amawoneka mosiyana. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, ndondomeko ya ndondomeko yosakwaniritsidwa ya piano sonata mu F yaikulu imapereka chiwerengero, dongosolo, makiyi a zigawozo, ngakhale tsatanetsatane wa ndondomeko ya tonal: "Mbali yamtundu waukulu / Scherzo f-moll. 2/4 / Andante Des-dur / Final".

Tchaikovsky adapanganso mapulani a ntchito zazikulu zamtsogolo. Ntchito ya symphony "Moyo" (1891) imadziwika kuti: "gawo loyamba ndi chikhumbo, chidaliro, ludzu la ntchito. Ziyenera kukhala zazifupi (zomaliza imfa ndi zotsatira za chiwonongeko. Gawo lachiwiri ndi chikondi; kukhumudwa kwachitatu; chachinayi chimatha ndi kuzimiririka (komanso zazifupi). Monga Taneyev, Tchaikovsky akufotokoza mbali za kuzungulira, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ntchitozi. Lingaliro la Tchaikovsky limagwirizana mwachindunji ndi zochitika pamoyo - zolinga zambiri za Taneyev zimazindikira kuthekera kwatanthauzo kwa njira zowonetsera nyimbo. Inde, palibe chifukwa chochotsera ntchito za Taneyev kuchokera ku moyo, malingaliro ake ndi kugundana, koma muyeso wa nkhoswe mwa iwo ndi wosiyana. Kusiyanasiyana kwamtunduwu kunawonetsedwa ndi LA Mazel; amawunikira pazifukwa zosamveka bwino za nyimbo za Taneyev, kutchuka kosakwanira kwa masamba ake ambiri okongola. Koma iwo, tiyeni tionjezere patokha, nawonso amawonetsa wolemba wa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zachikondi - ndi mlengi yemwe amakokera ku classicism; nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Chinthu chachikulu mu kalembedwe Taneyev angatanthauzidwe monga kuchuluka kwa magwero ndi umodzi wamkati ndi kukhulupirika (kumveka ngati malumikizanidwe a mbali munthu ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za chinenero nyimbo). Zosiyanasiyana apa zimakonzedwa mokhazikika, kutengera zofuna ndi cholinga cha wojambulayo. Chikhalidwe cha organic (ndi digiri ya organicity mu ntchito zina) ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa magwero osiyanasiyana a stylistic, kukhala gulu lomvera ndipo motero, titero, mphamvu, zimawululidwa pakuwunika zolemba za nyimbo. M'mabuku okhudza Taneyev, malingaliro abwino akhala akufotokozedwa kuti zisonkhezero za nyimbo zachikale ndi ntchito ya oimba achikondi zili m'mabuku ake, chikoka cha Tchaikovsky ndi champhamvu kwambiri, ndikuti kuphatikiza uku ndiko makamaka kumatsimikizira chiyambi. kalembedwe ka Taneyev. Kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zachikondi zanyimbo ndi luso lakale - zakale za baroque ndi za Viennese - zinali ngati chizindikiro cha nthawi. Makhalidwe a umunthu, kukopa maganizo ku chikhalidwe cha dziko, chikhumbo chofuna kupeza chithandizo pa maziko osatha a luso la nyimbo - zonsezi zatsimikiziridwa, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, malingaliro a Taneyev ku classicism ya nyimbo. Koma luso lake, lomwe linayamba mu nthawi ya Achikondi, lili ndi zizindikiro zambiri za kalembedwe kameneka ka m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX. Kukangana kodziwika bwino pakati pa kalembedwe kayekha ndi kalembedwe ka nthawiyo kunadziwonetsera bwino mu nyimbo za Taneyev.

Taneyev ndi wojambula kwambiri wa ku Russia, ngakhale kuti chikhalidwe cha dziko la ntchito yake chikuwonekera mosadziwika bwino kuposa achikulire (Mussorgsky, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov) ndi aang'ono (Rakhmaninov, Stravinsky, Prokofiev). Zina mwa mbali za kugwirizana kwa mayiko ambiri a ntchito ya Taneyev ndi chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino cha nyimbo zamtundu wa anthu, timawona chikhalidwe cha nyimbo, komanso - chomwe, komabe, sichili chofunika kwambiri kwa iye - kukhazikitsa (makamaka m'mabuku oyambirira) a nyimbo, ma harmonic. ndi mawonekedwe a zitsanzo zamakhalidwe.

Koma mbali zina sizili zocheperapo, ndipo chachikulu mwa izo ndi momwe wojambulayo ali mwana wa dziko lake panthawi inayake m'mbiri yake, momwe amawonetsera dziko lapansi, maganizo a anthu a m'nthawi yake. Kukula kwa kufalikira kwapadziko lapansi kwa munthu waku Russia kumapeto kwa XNUMX - zaka makumi angapo zoyambirira za zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi munyimbo za Taneyev sizowoneka bwino kwambiri mpaka kuphatikizira zokhumba zanthawiyo muzochita zake (monga momwe zingakhalire. adanena za akatswiri - Tchaikovsky kapena Rachmaninov). Koma Taneyev anali ndi mgwirizano wotsimikizika komanso wapafupi ndi nthawi; Iye anafotokoza dziko lauzimu la mbali yabwino ya Russian Intelligentsia, ndi makhalidwe ake apamwamba, chikhulupiriro cha tsogolo lowala la anthu, kugwirizana kwake ndi zabwino mu cholowa chikhalidwe cha dziko. Kusapatukana kwa chikhalidwe ndi zokongoletsa, kudziletsa ndi kudzisunga posonyeza zenizeni ndi kufotokoza maganizo zimasiyanitsa luso Russian pa chitukuko chake ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu za khalidwe dziko mu luso. Chikhalidwe chowunikira cha nyimbo za Taneyev ndi zokhumba zake zonse m'munda wa zilandiridwenso ndi mbali ya chikhalidwe cha demokarasi ya Russia.

Mbali ina ya nthaka ya luso la dziko, yomwe ili yofunikira kwambiri pokhudzana ndi cholowa cha Taneyev, ndi kusagwirizana kwake ndi chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za ku Russia. Kulumikizana uku sikukhazikika, koma kusinthika komanso mafoni. Ndipo ngati ntchito zoyamba za Taneyev zimadzutsa mayina a Bortnyansky, Glinka, makamaka Tchaikovsky, ndiye kuti m'zaka zamtsogolo mayina a Glazunov, Scriabin, Rachmaninov amalowa nawo. Nyimbo zoyamba za Taneyev, zaka zofanana ndi nyimbo zoyamba za Tchaikovsky, zinatenganso zambiri kuchokera ku aesthetics ndi ndakatulo za "Kuchkism"; omaliza amalumikizana ndi zizolowezi ndi luso la achichepere, omwe anali olowa m'malo ambiri a Taneyev m'njira zambiri.

Yankho la Taneyev ku Western "modernism" (makamaka, ku zochitika za nyimbo zakumapeto kwa Romanticism, Impressionism, ndi Expressionism oyambirira) zinali zochepa m'mbiri yakale, komanso zinali ndi zofunikira pa nyimbo za ku Russia. Ndi Taneyev ndi (kumlingo wakutiwakuti, zikomo) ndi oimba ena Russian chiyambi ndi theka loyamba la zaka za zana lathu, gulu la zochitika zatsopano mu zilandiridwenso zanyimbo unachitika popanda kusweka ndi zofunika ambiri anasonkhana mu nyimbo European. . Panalinso zovuta pa izi: kuopsa kwa maphunziro. Mu ntchito zabwino za Taneyev mwiniwake, izi sizinazindikiridwe, koma mu ntchito za ophunzira ake ambiri (ndipo tsopano aiwalika) ndi epigones adadziwika bwino. Komabe, zomwezo zikhoza kuzindikirika m'masukulu a Rimsky-Korsakov ndi Glazunov - pamene maganizo okhudza cholowa anali opanda pake.

Magawo akuluakulu ophiphiritsa a nyimbo za zida za Taneyev, zomwe zili m'magulu ambiri: zogwira mtima (woyamba sonata allegri, mapeto); filosofi, nyimbo zosinkhasinkha (zowala kwambiri - Adagio); scherzo: Taneyev ndi mlendo kwathunthu ku magawo onyansa, oyipa, achipongwe. Mkulu mlingo wa objectification wa dziko lamkati la munthu zimaonekera mu nyimbo Taneyev, kusonyeza ndondomeko, otaya mtima ndi kusinkhasinkha kumapanga maphatikizidwe nyimbo ndi epic. nzeru Taneyev, maphunziro ake yotakata zothandiza anthu anaonekera mu ntchito yake m'njira zambiri ndi mozama. Choyamba, ichi ndi chikhumbo cha wopeka kukonzanso mu nyimbo chithunzi chathunthu chokhala, chotsutsana ndi chogwirizana. Maziko a mfundo zomangira zotsogola (ma cyclic, sonata-symphonic forms) anali lingaliro lachilengedwe chonse. Zomwe zili mu nyimbo za Taneyev zimazindikirika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchulukidwa kwa nsalu ndi njira zowonetsera. Umu ndi momwe munthu angamvetsetsere mawu a BV Asafiev: "Olemba ochepa aku Russia okha ndi omwe amaganiza za mawonekedwe amoyo, osatha. Ameneyo anali SI Taneev. Anapatsa nyimbo zaku Russia mu cholowa chake kukhazikitsidwa kodabwitsa kwa ziwembu za Western symmetrical, kutsitsimutsanso kuyenda kwa symphonism mwa iwo ... ".

Kuwunika kwa ntchito zazikulu zozungulira za Taneyev zikuwonetsa njira zoperekera njira zowonetsera mbali yamalingaliro ndi yophiphiritsa ya nyimbo. Mmodzi wa iwo, monga tanenera, anali mfundo ya monothematism, amene amaonetsetsa kukhulupirika kwa mkombero, komanso ntchito yomaliza ya omaliza, amene ali ofunika kwambiri kwa maganizo, luso ndi yoyenera nyimbo za m'zinthu Taneyev. Tanthauzo la magawo otsiriza monga mapeto, kuthetsa mkangano kumaperekedwa ndi cholinga cha njira, zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe ndi chitukuko chokhazikika cha leitme ndi mitu ina, kuphatikiza kwawo, kusintha ndi kaphatikizidwe. Koma woimbayo adanena kuti mapeto a mapeto a nthawi yaitali asanayambe monothematism monga mfundo yotsogolera nyimbo zake. Mu quartet mu B-flat yaying'ono op. 4 mawu omaliza mu B-flat major ndi zotsatira za mzere umodzi wa chitukuko. Mu quartet mu D zazing'ono, op. 7 arch imapangidwa: kuzungulira kumathera ndi kubwereza kwa mutu wa gawo loyamba. Kuphatikizika kawiri komaliza kwa quartet mu C yayikulu, op. 5 ikugwirizanitsa mutu wa gawoli.

Njira zina ndi mawonekedwe a chilankhulo cha nyimbo cha Taneyev, makamaka polyphony, ali ndi tanthauzo lomwe limagwira ntchito. Palibe kukayika kugwirizana pakati pa kuganiza polyphonic wopeka ndi pempho lake kwa gulu la zida ndi kwaya (kapena mawu ensemble) monga otsogolera nyimbo. Mizere yoyimba ya zida zinayi kapena zisanu kapena mawu amaganiziridwa ndikutsimikizira gawo lotsogola lamaphunziro, lomwe limakhala mu polyphony iliyonse. Malumikizidwe omwe akubwera mosiyanasiyana amawonekera ndipo, kumbali ina, adapereka dongosolo la monothematic popanga kuzungulira. Intonational-thematic unity, monothematism monga nyimbo ndi mfundo zazikulu ndi polyphony monga njira yofunikira kwambiri yopangira malingaliro a nyimbo ndi triad, zigawo zomwe sizingasiyanitsidwe mu nyimbo za Taneyev.

Munthu akhoza kulankhula za chizolowezi Taneyev kwa linearism makamaka mogwirizana ndi njira polyphonic, polyphonic chikhalidwe cha maganizo ake nyimbo. Mawu anayi kapena asanu ofanana a quartet, quintet, kwaya amatanthauza, mwa zina, nyimbo zoyimba zomveka, zomwe, momveka bwino za ntchito za harmonic, zimalepheretsa "mphamvu zonse" zomaliza. "Kwa nyimbo zamakono, kugwirizanitsa komwe kumatayika pang'onopang'ono kugwirizana kwa tonal, mphamvu yomangiriza ya mitundu yotsutsana iyenera kukhala yofunika kwambiri," analemba Taneyev, akuwulula, monga nthawi zina, mgwirizano wa kumvetsetsa kwachidziwitso ndi kulenga.

Kuphatikiza apo, kutsanzira polyphony ndikofunikira kwambiri. Fugues ndi mitundu ya fugue, monga ntchito ya Taneyev lonse, ndi aloyi zovuta. SS Skrebkov analemba za "zinthu zopangidwa" za fugues za Taneyev pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha quintets ya zingwe. Taneyev a polyphonic njira ndi subordinated kwa zonse luso ntchito, ndipo izi zikusonyezedwa ndi mfundo yakuti mu zaka zake okhwima (kupatulapo yekha - fugue mu limba mkombero op. 29) iye sanalembe fugues palokha. Ma fugues a Taneyev ndi gawo kapena gawo la mawonekedwe akuluakulu kapena kuzungulira. Mu ichi amatsatira miyambo ya Mozart, Beethoven, ndi mbali Schumann, kukulitsa ndi kulemeretsa iwo. Pali mitundu yambiri ya fugue m'magulu a chipinda cha Taneyev, ndipo amawonekera, monga lamulo, pamapeto pake, komanso, mu reprise kapena coda (quartet mu C major op. 5, string quintet op. 16, piano quartet op. 20) . Kulimbikitsidwa kwa zigawo zomaliza ndi fugues kumapezekanso m'magulu osinthika (mwachitsanzo, mu chingwe quintet op. 14). Chizoloŵezi chowonjezera zinthuzo chikuwonetsedwa ndi kudzipereka kwa woimbayo ku ma fugues amdima wambiri, ndipo otsiriza nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza nkhaniyo osati mapeto okha, komanso mbali zam'mbuyo. Izi zimakwaniritsa cholinga ndi mgwirizano wa ma cycle.

Makhalidwe atsopano a mtundu wa chipindacho adayambitsa kukulitsa, symphonization ya kalembedwe ka chipinda, monumentalization kudzera mumitundu yovuta. Mu gawo lamtunduwu, kusinthidwa kosiyanasiyana kwamitundu yakale kumawonedwa, makamaka sonata, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito osati mopitilira muyeso, komanso mkatikati mwa kuzungulira. Kotero, mu quartet mu A wamng'ono, op. 11, mayendedwe onse anayi akuphatikizapo mawonekedwe a sonata. Divertissement (kayendedwe kachiwiri) ndi mawonekedwe ovuta atatu, kumene kusuntha kwakukulu kumalembedwa mu mawonekedwe a sonata; nthawi yomweyo, pali mawonekedwe a rondo mu Divertissement. Gulu lachitatu (Adagio) limayandikira mawonekedwe a sonata otukuka, ofanana m'njira zina ndikuyenda koyamba kwa sonata ya Schumann mu F lakuthwa zazing'ono. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kukankhana kwa malire anthawi zonse a magawo ndi magawo omwewo. Mwachitsanzo, mu scherzo ya piano quintet mu G wamng'ono, gawo loyamba limalembedwa mu mawonekedwe ovuta a magawo atatu ndi gawo, trio ndi fugato yaulere. Chizoloŵezi chosintha chimatsogolera ku maonekedwe osakanikirana, "modulating" mafomu (gawo lachitatu la quartet mu A yaikulu, op. 13 - ndi zizindikiro za tripartite zovuta ndi rondo), kutanthauzira kwapadera kwa zigawo za kuzungulira. (mu scherzo wa limba atatu mu D yaikulu, op. 22, gawo lachiwiri — atatu — kusintha mkombero).

Tikhoza kuganiziridwa kuti Taneyev akugwira ntchito kulenga mavuto a mawonekedwe anali ntchito mwadala. M'kalata yopita kwa MI Tchaikovsky ya December 17, 1910, akukambirana za kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ya "posachedwapa" olemba nyimbo za kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, akufunsa mafunso kuti: "N'chifukwa chiyani chikhumbo cha zachilendo chimangokhala m'madera awiri okha - mgwirizano ndi zida? Chifukwa chiyani, pamodzi ndi izi, sikuti palibe chatsopano m'munda wa counterpoint chowoneka, koma, mosiyana, mbali iyi ikuchepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zakale? Chifukwa chiyani zotheka zomwe zili mwa iwo sizimakula m'munda wa mafomu, koma mawonekedwewo amakhala ang'onoang'ono ndikuwonongeka? Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Taneyev anali wotsimikiza kuti mawonekedwe a sonata "amaposa ena onse mu zosiyana zake, kulemera ndi kusinthasintha." Chifukwa chake, malingaliro ndi machitidwe opangira a wolemba amawonetsa katchulidwe ka kukhazikika ndikusintha zizolowezi.

Pogogomezera "mbali imodzi" yachitukuko ndi "ziphuphu" za chinenero choyimba chomwe chikugwirizana nacho, Taneyev akuwonjezera mu kalata yotchulidwa kwa MI Tchaikovsky: ku zachilendo. M'malo mwake, ndimaona kuti kubwereza zomwe zidanenedwa kalekale kukhala kopanda ntchito, ndipo kusowa kwachiyambi muzolemba kumandipangitsa kukhala wosayanjanitsika ndi izo <...>. N'zotheka kuti m'kupita kwa nthawi zatsopano zamakono zidzatsogolera kubadwanso kwa chinenero cha nyimbo, monga momwe katangale wa chinenero cha Chilatini ndi a barbarians adayambitsa zaka mazana angapo pambuyo pake kuti zinenero zatsopano zituluke.

******

"Nthawi ya Taneyev" si imodzi, koma osachepera awiri. Nyimbo zake zoyamba, zachinyamata ndi "zaka zomwezo" monga ntchito zoyambirira za Tchaikovsky, ndipo zotsirizirazi zinalengedwa nthawi imodzi ndi opuss okhwima a Stravinsky, Myaskovsky, Prokofiev. Taneyev anakulira ndi kuumbika mu zaka zambiri pamene udindo wa chikondi nyimbo anali amphamvu ndipo, wina tinganene, olamulira. Pa nthawi yomweyi, powona njira za posachedwapa, wolembayo adawonetsa chizolowezi chotsitsimutsa chikhalidwe cha classicism ndi baroque, chomwe chinawonekera mu German (Brahms ndipo makamaka Reger) ndi French (Frank, d'Andy) nyimbo.

Taneyev wa nyengo ziwiri zinayambitsa sewero la moyo wotukuka kunja, kusamvetsetsa zokhumba zake ngakhale oimba pafupi. Malingaliro ake ambiri, zokonda zake, zilakolako zake zidawoneka ngati zachilendo, zochotsedwa pazowona zaluso zozungulira, komanso kuyambiranso. Mtunda wa mbiri yakale umapangitsa "kuyenerera" Taneyev mu chithunzi cha moyo wake wamakono. Zikuoneka kuti kugwirizana kwake ndi zofuna zazikulu ndi machitidwe a chikhalidwe cha dziko ndi organic ndi angapo, ngakhale iwo samanama pamwamba. Taneyev, ndi chiyambi chake chonse, ndi mbali zofunika za dziko ndi maganizo ake, - mwana wa nthawi yake ndi dziko lake. Zomwe zachitika pakupanga zaluso m'zaka za zana la XNUMX zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuzindikira zomwe woyimba yemwe akuyembekezera m'zaka za zana lino.

Pazifukwa zonsezi, moyo wa nyimbo za Taneyev kuyambira pachiyambi unali wovuta kwambiri, ndipo izi zinawonetsedwa mu ntchito yake (chiwerengero ndi khalidwe la zisudzo), ndi malingaliro awo amasiku ano. Mbiri ya Taneyev monga wopeka wosakwanira wamalingaliro amatsimikiziridwa mokulira ndi zomwe zidachitika m'nthawi yake. Kuchuluka kwazinthu kumaperekedwa ndi kutsutsidwa kwa moyo wonse. Ndemanga zimawulula zonse zomwe zimawonekera komanso zochitika za "untimeliness" wa luso la Taneyev. Pafupifupi onse otsutsa otchuka analemba za Taneyev: Ts. A. Cui, GA Larosh, ND Kashkin, kenako SN Kruglikov, VG Karatygin, Yu. Findeizen, AV Ossovsky, LL Sabaneev ndi ena. Ndemanga zosangalatsa kwambiri zili m'makalata opita kwa Taneyev ndi Tchaikovsky, Glazunov, m'makalata ndi "Mbiri ..." ndi Rimsky-Korsakov.

Pali ziganizo zambiri zanzeru m'nkhani ndi ndemanga. Pafupifupi aliyense anapereka ulemu ku luso lapadera la wolemba nyimboyo. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndi "masamba a kusamvetsetsana". Ndipo ngati, pokhudzana ndi ntchito zoyamba, zitonzo zambiri za rationalism, kutsanzira zachikale ndizomveka komanso pamlingo wina wachilungamo, ndiye kuti nkhani za 90s ndi 900s zoyambirira zimakhala zosiyana. Izi makamaka zimatsutsidwa kuchokera ku malo okonda kukondana komanso, mokhudzana ndi opera, zenizeni zamaganizo. Kutengera masitayelo am'mbuyomu sikunayesedwebe ngati mawonekedwe ndipo kumawonedwa ngati kusafanana kwanthawi yayitali kapena masitayelo, heterogeneity. Wophunzira, bwenzi, wolemba nkhani ndi zokumbukira za Taneyev - Yu. D. Engel analemba m’nkhani yofotokoza za imfa yake kuti: “Potsatira Scriabin, amene anayambitsa nyimbo za m’tsogolo, imfa inamutengera Taneyev, amene luso lake linazikidwa mozama kwambiri pamalingaliro a nyimbo zakalekale.”

Koma m'zaka khumi zachiwiri za m'zaka za m'ma 1913, maziko anali atayamba kale kumvetsetsa bwino mbiri ndi zovuta za nyimbo za Taneyev. Pankhani imeneyi, chidwi ndi nkhani za VG Karatygin, osati okhawo odzipereka kwa Taneyev. M'nkhani XNUMX, "The Newest Trends in Western Europe Music," amalumikiza, kuyankhula makamaka za Frank ndi Reger, kutsitsimula kwa miyambo yakale ndi nyimbo zamasiku ano. M'nkhani ina, wotsutsayo anafotokoza lingaliro lopindulitsa la Taneyev monga wolowa m'malo mwachindunji pa mzere wa cholowa cha Glinka. Poyerekeza mbiri ya ntchito ya Taneyev ndi Brahms, njira zomwe zinali kukweza miyambo yakale mu nthawi ya chikondi mochedwa, Karatygin ananenanso kuti "mbiri ya Taneyev ku Russia ndi yaikulu kuposa Brahms ku Germany". kumene "chikhalidwe chachikale nthawi zonse chimakhala champhamvu kwambiri, champhamvu komanso choteteza". Ku Russia, komabe, miyambo yakale kwambiri, yochokera ku Glinka, inali yochepa kwambiri kuposa mizere ina ya luso la Glinka. Komabe, m'nkhani yomweyi, Karatygin amatchula Taneyev monga wolemba nyimbo, "zaka mazana angapo mochedwa kubadwa m'dziko"; chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chikondi kwa nyimbo zake, wotsutsayo akuwona kusagwirizana kwake ndi "maziko a luso ndi maganizo amakono, ndi zikhumbo zake zodziwika bwino za chitukuko chachikulu cha zinthu za harmonic ndi mitundu ya luso la nyimbo." Kulumikizana kwa mayina a Glinka ndi Taneyev anali amodzi mwa malingaliro omwe BV Asafiev adawakonda, yemwe adapanga ntchito zingapo za Taneyev ndipo adawona mu ntchito yake ndi ntchito zake kupitilizabe zofunikira kwambiri pachikhalidwe chanyimbo zaku Russia: zowoneka bwino kwambiri mu nyimbo zake. ntchito, ndiye kwa iye, patapita zaka makumi angapo za kusintha kwa nyimbo Russian pambuyo pa imfa ya Glinka, SI Taneyev, onse theoretically ndi kulenga. Wasayansi pano akutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zama polyphonic (kuphatikiza kulemba mosamalitsa) ku melos yaku Russia.

Mfundo ndi njira ya wophunzira wake Bl Yavorsky anali makamaka zochokera kuphunzira Taneyev wolemba ndi ntchito sayansi.

M'zaka za m'ma 1940, lingaliro la kugwirizana pakati pa ntchito ya Taneyev ndi Russian Soviet olemba - N. Ya. Myaskovsky, V. Ya. Shebalin, DD Shostakovich - mwiniwake wa Vl. V. Protopopov. Ntchito zake ndizothandiza kwambiri pophunzira kalembedwe ka Taneyev ndi chilankhulo chanyimbo pambuyo pa Asafiev, komanso zolemba zomwe adalemba, zomwe zidasindikizidwa mu 1947, zidakhala ngati chithunzi chogwirizana. Zida zambiri zokhudzana ndi moyo ndi ntchito ya Taneyev zili m'buku lolembedwa la GB Bernandt. Chithunzi cha LZ Korabelnikova "Creativity of SI Taneyev: Historical and Stylistic Research" chimaperekedwa poganizira zovuta za mbiri yakale ndi zolemba za cholowa cha wolemba nyimbo wa Taneyev pamaziko a mbiri yake yolemera kwambiri komanso mu chikhalidwe cha luso la nthawiyo.

Umunthu wa kugwirizana pakati pa zaka mazana awiri - mibadwo iwiri, mwambo mosalekeza kukonzanso, Taneyev mwa njira yake anayesetsa "m'mphepete mwa nyanja", ndipo ambiri a malingaliro ake ndi incarnations anafika m'mphepete mwa masiku ano.

L. Korabelnikova

• Chamber-instrumental zilandiridwenso Taneyev →
• Zokonda za Taneyev →
• Kwaya nyimbo Taneyev →
• Zolemba za Taneyev m'mphepete mwa clavier ya The Queen of Spades