Valentin Vasilievich Silvestrov (Valentin Silvestrov) |

Valentin Silvestrov

Nyimbo yokhayo yomwe imapangitsa kuti nyimboyi ikhale yosatha…

Zingawonekere kuti m'nthawi yathu ino mawuwa angakhale ofanana ndi wolemba nyimbo. Koma zinanenedwa ndi woimba yemwe dzina lake kwa nthawi yaitali limatchedwa avant-gardist (m'lingaliro lonyoza), wosokoneza, wowononga. V. Silvestrov wakhala akutumikira Nyimbo kwa zaka pafupifupi 30 ndipo, mwinamwake, akutsatira wolemba ndakatulo wamkuluyo, iye anakhoza kunena kuti: “Mulungu sanandipatse ine mphatso ya khungu! (M. Tsvetaeva). Chifukwa njira yake yonse - m'moyo komanso muzopangapanga - imayenda mokhazikika pakumvetsetsa chowonadi. Kunja wodziletsa, wooneka ngati wotsekedwa, ngakhale wosagwirizana, Sylvestrov amayesa kumveka ndikumvetsetsa mu chilengedwe chake chilichonse. Kumva - pofunafuna yankho la mafunso osatha akukhala, poyesa kulowa zinsinsi za Cosmos (monga malo okhala anthu) ndi munthu (monga wonyamula Cosmos mwa iyemwini).

Njira ya V. Silvestrov mu nyimbo siili yophweka, ndipo nthawi zina imakhala yodabwitsa. Anayamba kuphunzira nyimbo ali ndi zaka 15. Mu 1956 anakhala wophunzira pa Kyiv Civil Engineering Institute, ndipo mu 1958 analowa mu Kyiv Conservatory m'kalasi ya B. Lyatoshinsky.

Kale m'zaka izi, luso lokhazikika la mitundu yonse ya masitayelo, kupanga njira, mapangidwe ake, omwe pambuyo pake adakhala odziwika bwino kulemba pamanja, adayamba. Kale mu nyimbo zoyambirira, pafupifupi mbali zonse za umunthu wa wolemba Silvestrov zimatsimikiziridwa, malinga ndi zomwe ntchito yake idzapitirire.

Chiyambi ndi mtundu wa neoclassicism, kumene chinthu chachikulu si njira ndi kalembedwe, koma chifundo, kumvetsa chiyero, kuwala, uzimu, kuti nyimbo za baroque apamwamba, classicism ndi chikondi oyambirira amanyamula okha ("Sonatina", "Classical". Sonata" ya piyano, kenako "Nyimbo mumayendedwe akale ", etc.). Chisamaliro chachikulu muzolemba zake zoyambirira zidaperekedwa ku njira zatsopano zamaluso (dodecaphony, alearic, pointllism, sonoristics), kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachilendo zochitira zida zachikhalidwe, komanso kujambula kwamakono. Zodziwika bwino zikuphatikizapo Triad for piano (1962), Mystery for alto flute and percussion (1964), Monody for piano and orchestra (1965), Symphony No. 1966 (Eschatophony - 1971), Sewero la violin, cello ndi piyano ndi zochitika zake, manja (60). Palibe mwa izi ndi zina zomwe zinalembedwa mu 70s ndi oyambirira 2s ndi njira yomaliza yokha. Ndi njira yokhayo yopangira zithunzi zowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino. Sizodabwitsa kuti m'mabuku ambiri a avant-garde kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, nyimbo zowona mtima kwambiri zimawonekeranso (zofewa, "zofooka", m'mawu a wolembayo mwiniwake, nyimbo kupyola magawo XNUMX a nyimbo. Symphony Yoyamba), ndi malingaliro akuzama a filosofi amabadwa omwe adzatsogolera ku chiwonetsero chapamwamba cha Mzimu mu Symphonies yachinayi ndi yachisanu. Apa ndipamene chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zamalembedwe a ntchito ya Silvestrov - kusinkhasinkha.

Chiyambi cha kalembedwe katsopano - "zosavuta, zomveka" - zikhoza kutchedwa "Kusinkhasinkha" kwa cello ndi chamber orchestra (1972). Kuyambira pano kumayamba kusinkhasinkha nthawi zonse, za umunthu, za Cosmos. Amapezeka pafupifupi m'nyimbo zonse zotsatizana za Silvestrov (yachinayi (1976) ndi Fifth (1982) symphonies, "Quiet Songs" (1977), Cantata ya kwaya ya cappella pa siteshoni T. Shevchenko (1976), "Forest Music" pa siteshoni. G. Aigi (1978), "Nyimbo Zosavuta" (1981), Nyimbo zinayi pa siteshoni ya O. Mandelstam). Kumvetsera kwa nthawi yayitali kusuntha kwa nthawi, kuyang'anitsitsa zing'onozing'ono, zomwe, zikukula nthawi zonse, ngati kugwa wina ndi mzake, zimapanga macroform, zimatengera nyimbo kupitirira phokoso, ndikuzisintha kukhala malo amodzi a spatio-temporal. Endless cadence ndi imodzi mwa njira zopangira nyimbo "zodikira", pamene kukangana kwakukulu kwamkati kumabisika mu mawonekedwe akunja, osasunthika. M'lingaliro limeneli, Fifth Symphony angayerekezedwe ndi ntchito za Andrei Tarkovsky, kumene kuwombera kunja malo amodzi kumapanga mphamvu zamkati kwambiri, kudzutsa mzimu wa munthu. Mofanana ndi matepi a Tarkovsky, nyimbo za Sylvestrov zimaperekedwa kwa anthu apamwamba, ngati mwa elitism amamvetsetsa bwino kwambiri mwa munthu - kutha kumva mozama ndikuyankha zowawa ndi kuzunzika kwa munthu ndi umunthu.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito za Silvestrov ndi yotakata. Amakopeka nthawi zonse ndi mawu, ndakatulo zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimafuna kuzindikira bwino kwambiri pamtima pa zosangalatsa zake zoimba nyimbo: A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, F. Tyutchev, T. Shevchenko, E. Baratynsky, P. Shelley, J. Keats, O. Mandelstam. Zinali mu mitundu ya mawu kuti mphatso ya Sylvestrov woimba nyimbo inadziwonetsera yokha ndi mphamvu yaikulu.

Ntchito yosayembekezereka kwambiri imakhala ndi malo apadera mu ntchito ya wolembayo, momwe, komabe, credo yake yolenga ikuwoneka kuti ikuyang'ana. Iyi ndi "Kitch Music" ya piyano (1977). M'mawu ofotokozera, wolemba akufotokoza tanthauzo la dzinalo ngati "chofooka, chotayidwa, chosapambana" (ndiko kuti, pafupi ndi kutanthauzira kwa mtanthauzira mawu). Koma nthawi yomweyo amatsutsa kufotokoza kumeneku, kumapereka ngakhale kutanthauzira kwamwano: _Sewerani mofatsa kwambiri, kamvekedwe kachikondi, ngati kuti mukukhudza mofatsa kukumbukira kwa omvera, kotero kuti nyimboyo imamveka mkati mwa chidziwitso, ngati kuti kukumbukira kwa omvera kumayimba nyimboyi_. Ndipo maiko a Schumann ndi Chopin, Brahms ndi Mahler, okhalamo osakhoza kufa a Time, omwe Valentin Silvestrov amawamva kwambiri, amabwereranso kukumbukira.

Nthawi ndi yanzeru. Posapita nthaŵi, zimabwezera aliyense zimene ayenera kumuyenera. Pa moyo wa Silvestrov panali zinthu zambiri: kusamvetsetsana kwathunthu kwa ziwerengero za "pafupi ndi chikhalidwe", komanso kunyalanyaza kwathunthu nyumba zosindikizira, komanso kuthamangitsidwa ku Union of Composers ya USSR. Koma panali chinthu china - kuzindikira oimba ndi omvera m'dziko lathu ndi kunja. Silvestrov - wopambana wa Mphotho. S. Koussevitzky (USA, 1967) ndi International Competition for Young Composers "Gaudeamus" (Netherlands, 1970). Kusasunthika, kukhulupirika kowoneka bwino, kuwona mtima ndi chiyero, kuchulukitsidwa ndi talente yapamwamba komanso chikhalidwe chachikulu chamkati - zonsezi zimapereka chifukwa choyembekezera zolengedwa zazikulu ndi zanzeru m'tsogolomu.

S. Filstein