Kirill Petrovich Kondrashin (Kirill Kondrashin) |

Kirill Kondrashin

People's Artist wa USSR (1972). Chikhalidwe cha nyimbo chinazungulira wojambula wamtsogolo kuyambira ali mwana. Makolo ake anali oimba ndipo ankaimba m'magulu osiyanasiyana oimba. (Ndizochita chidwi kuti amayi a Kondrashin, A. Tanina, anali mkazi woyamba kupikisana mu Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra mu 1918.) Poyamba ankaimba piyano (sukulu ya nyimbo, VV Stasov technical school), koma pofika zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, iye ankaimba piyano. anaganiza zokhala kondakitala ndipo analowa Moscow Conservatory. Patapita zaka zisanu, anamaliza maphunziro a Conservatory m'kalasi ya B. Khaikin. Ngakhale kale, kukula kwa maonekedwe ake oimba kunathandizidwa kwambiri ndi makalasi ogwirizana, polyphony ndi kusanthula mafomu ndi N. Zhilyaev.

Masitepe oyamba odziyimira pawokha a wojambulayo amalumikizidwa ndi Musical Theatre yotchedwa VI Nemirovich-Danchenko. Poyamba ankaimba zida zoimbira m'gulu la oimba, ndipo mu 1934 adapanga kuwonekera kwake ngati wotsogolera - motsogoleredwa ndi operetta "Corneville Bells" ndi Plunket, ndipo patapita nthawi "Cio-Cio-san" ndi Puccini.

Atangomaliza maphunziro a Conservatory, Kondrashin anaitanidwa ku Leningrad Maly Opera Theatre (1937), yomwe inatsogoleredwa ndi mphunzitsi wake, B. Khaikin. Apa kupangidwa kwa chifaniziro cha kulenga kwa woyendetsa kunapitirira. Anakwanitsa kuthana ndi ntchito zovuta. Pambuyo pa ntchito yoyamba yodziyimira payokha mu opera ya "Pompadours" ya A. Pashchenko, adapatsidwa ntchito zambiri zamasewero akale ndi amakono: "Ukwati wa Figaro", "Boris Godunov", "The Bartered Mkwatibwi", "Tosca", " Mtsikana Wakumadzulo", "Quiet Don".

Mu 1938, Kondrashin adatenga nawo gawo mumpikisano woyamba wa All-Union Conducting. Anapatsidwa dipuloma ya digiri yachiwiri. Izi zinali zopambana mosakayikira kwa wojambula wazaka makumi awiri ndi zinayi, chifukwa opambana pa mpikisanowo anali oimba opangidwa kale.

Mu 1943 Kondrashin analowa Bolshoi Theatre wa USSR. The zisudzo repertoire kondakitala kukula kwambiri. Kuyambira pano ndi "The Snow Maiden" ndi Rimsky-Korsakov, ndiye amavala "The Bartered Bride" ndi Smetana, "Pebble" ndi Monyushko, "The Force of the Enemy" ndi Serov, "Bela" ndi An. Alexandrova. Komabe, pa nthawi imeneyo Kondrashin anayamba kukokera kwambiri pa symphonic kuchita. Iye amatsogolera Moscow Youth Symphony Orchestra, amene mu 1949 anapambana Grand Prix pa Chikondwerero cha Budapest.

Kuyambira 1956, Kondrashin adadzipereka kwathunthu ku konsati. Kenako analibe okhestra yake yokhazikika. Paulendo wapachaka wa dzikolo, amayenera kuchita ndi magulu osiyanasiyana; ndi ena amagwirizana nawo nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha khama lake, mwachitsanzo, oimba monga Gorky, Novosibirsk, Voronezh asintha kwambiri luso lawo. Ntchito ya mwezi umodzi ndi theka ya Kondrashin ndi Pyongyang Orchestra ku DPRK inabweretsanso zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

Kale panthawiyo, oimba zida zapamwamba za Soviet adachita mofunitsitsa pamodzi ndi Kondrashin monga wotsogolera. Makamaka, D. Oistrakh adamupatsa kuzungulira kwa "Development of Violin Concerto", ndipo E. Gilels adasewera ma concerto onse asanu a Beethoven. Kondrashin adatsagananso ndi gawo lomaliza la Mpikisano Woyamba Padziko Lonse wa Tchaikovsky (1958). Posakhalitsa "duet" yake ndi wopambana wa mpikisano limba Van Cliburn anamveka mu USA ndi England. Choncho Kondrashin anakhala wochititsa woyamba Soviet kuchita mu United States. Kuyambira pamenepo, iye anayenera kuchita mobwerezabwereza pa siteji konsati padziko lonse.

Gawo latsopano ndi lofunika kwambiri la ntchito zaluso za Kondrashin linayamba mu 1960, pamene adatsogolera Moscow Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra. M'kanthawi kochepa, adakwanitsa kubweretsa gulu ili patsogolo pazithunzi zaluso. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pamakhalidwe onse amasewera komanso mtundu wa repertoire. Nthawi zambiri polankhula ndi mapulogalamu akale, Kondrashin ankangoganizira za nyimbo zamakono. Iye "anapeza" D. Shostakovich's Fourth Symphony, yolembedwa kumbuyo kwa zaka makumi atatu. Pambuyo pake, woimbayo anamupatsa zisudzo woyamba wa Thirteen Symphony ndi Kuphedwa kwa Stepan Razin. M'zaka za m'ma 60, Kondrashin anapereka omvera ndi ntchito za G. Sviridov, M. Weinberg, R. Shchedrin, B. Tchaikovsky ndi olemba ena a Soviet.

“Tiyenera kupereka ulemu ku kulimba mtima ndi kupirira kwa Kondrashin, mfundo zake, chibadwa cha nyimbo ndi kukoma kwake,” analemba motero wotsutsa M. Sokolsky. "Anachita ngati wojambula wotsogola, wozama komanso wokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Soviet, monga wokonda kufalitsa zaluso zaku Soviet. Ndipo mu luso lake lopanga, lolimba mtima la luso lake, adalandira thandizo la oimba, lomwe limatchedwa Moscow Philharmonic ... Pano, mu Philharmonic Orchestra, m'zaka zaposachedwa, luso lalikulu la Kondrashin lakhala likuwonekera momveka bwino komanso mofala. Ndikufuna kunena kuti talente iyi ndi yokhumudwitsa. Kuchita zinthu mopupuluma, kutengeka maganizo, chizolowezi chomaphulika mochititsa chidwi komanso pachimake, kufotokoza mozama, zomwe zinali mwa Kondrashin wachichepere, zakhalabe mawonekedwe odziwika kwambiri pazaluso za Kondrashin masiku ano. Pokhapokha lero nthawi yafika yoti akhwime kwenikweni.

Zothandizira: R. Glaser. Kirill Kondrashin. "SM", 1963, No. 5. Razhnikov V., "K. Kondrashin amalankhula za nyimbo ndi moyo", M., 1989.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969