Za Harmonic microchromatics

Kodi utawaleza uli ndi mitundu ingati?

Zisanu ndi ziwiri - abale athu adzayankha molimba mtima.

Koma mawonekedwe apakompyuta amatha kutulutsa mitundu itatu yokha, yodziwika kwa onse - RGB, ndiko kuti, yofiira, yobiriwira ndi yabuluu. Izi sizimatilepheretsa kuwona utawaleza wonse pachithunzi chotsatira (mkuyu 3).

Mu Chingerezi, mwachitsanzo, kwa mitundu iwiri - buluu ndi cyan - pali mawu amodzi okha a buluu. Ndipo Agiriki akale analibe mawu otanthauza buluu nkomwe. Anthu aku Japan alibe dzina lobiriwira. Anthu ambiri “amaona” mitundu itatu yokha mu utawaleza, ndipo ena ngakhale iwiri.

Yankho lolondola pa funsoli ndi liti?

Ngati tiyang'ana mkuyu 1, tidzawona kuti mitunduyo imadutsana bwino, ndipo malire pakati pawo ndi nkhani yongogwirizana. Mu utawaleza muli mitundu yambiri yosawerengeka, yomwe anthu azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana amagawaniza motsatira malire kukhala angapo "ovomerezeka" ambiri.

Ndi manotsi angati omwe ali mu octave?

Munthu wodziwa bwino nyimbo adzayankha - zisanu ndi ziwiri. Anthu omwe ali ndi maphunziro a nyimbo, ndithudi, adzati - khumi ndi awiri.

Koma zoona zake n’zakuti chiwerengero cha manotsi ndi nkhani yachinenero chabe. Kwa anthu omwe chikhalidwe chawo cha nyimbo chimangokhala pamlingo wa pentatonic, chiwerengero cha zolemba zidzakhala zisanu, mu miyambo yakale ya ku Ulaya pali khumi ndi awiri, ndipo, mwachitsanzo, mu nyimbo za Indian makumi awiri ndi ziwiri (m'masukulu osiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana).

Mamvekedwe a mawu kapena, kunena mwasayansi, kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka ndi kuchuluka komwe kumasintha mosalekeza. Pakati pa chidziwitso A, kumveka pafupipafupi kwa 440 Hz, ndi cholemba pansi pafupipafupi 466 Hz pali wopandamalire chiwerengero cha phokoso, aliyense amene tingagwiritse ntchito pochita nyimbo.

Monga momwe wojambula wabwino alibe mitundu 7 yosasunthika pachithunzi chake, koma mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, momwemonso woimbirayo amatha kugwira ntchito mosatekeseka ndi mawu ochokera ku 12-note equal temperament scale (RTS-12), komanso ndi zina zilizonse. phokoso la kusankha kwake.

malipiro

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chimayimitsa olemba ambiri?

Choyamba, ndithudi, mwayi wa kuphedwa ndi notation. Pafupifupi zida zonse zimayikidwa mu RTS-12, pafupifupi oimba onse amaphunzira kuwerenga zolemba zakale, ndipo omvera ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zomwe zimakhala ndi zolemba za "wamba".

Zotsatirazi zitha kutsutsidwa ndi izi: mbali imodzi, chitukuko chaukadaulo wamakompyuta chimatheketsa kugwira ntchito ndi mawu amtundu uliwonse komanso ngakhale mawonekedwe aliwonse. Kumbali ina, monga tawonera m'nkhani ya ma dissonances, m'kupita kwa nthawi, omvera amakhala okhulupilika kwambiri ku zosazolowereka, zovuta zowonjezereka zowonjezereka zimalowa mu nyimbo, zomwe anthu amazimvetsa ndikuzivomereza.

Koma pali vuto lachiwiri panjira iyi, mwinanso lofunika kwambiri.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti tikangopitilira zolemba 12, timataya maumboni onse.

Ndi makonsonanti ati omwe ali makonsonanti ndi omwe alibe?

Kodi mphamvu yokoka idzakhalapo?

Kodi mgwirizano udzamangidwa pa chiyani?

Kodi padzakhala china chofanana ndi makiyi kapena modes?

Microchromatic

Inde, kuyeserera nyimbo kokha ndiko kungapereke mayankho athunthu ku mafunso ofunsidwa. Koma tili ndi zida zina zowonera pansi.

Choyamba, m'pofunika mwanjira inayake kutchula dera limene tikupita. Nthawi zambiri, machitidwe onse oimba omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolemba zopitilira 12 pa octave amagawidwa ngati microchromatic. Nthawi zina machitidwe omwe chiwerengero cha zolemba (kapena zochepa kuposa) 12 chimaphatikizidwanso m'dera lomwelo, koma zolembazi zimasiyana ndi RTS-12 wamba. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsira ntchito Pythagorean kapena sikelo yachilengedwe, munthu akhoza kunena kuti kusintha kwa microchromatic kumapangidwira zolemba, kutanthauza kuti izi ndizolemba pafupifupi zofanana ndi RTS-12, koma kutali kwambiri ndi iwo (mkuyu 2).

Mumkuyu 2 tikuwona kusintha kwakung'ono uku, mwachitsanzo, cholemba h Pythagorean sikelo pamwamba pa cholembacho h kuchokera ku RTS-12, ndi zachilengedwe h, m'malo mwake, ndi yotsika pang'ono.

Koma Pythagoras ndi ikukonzekera zachilengedwe patsogolo maonekedwe a RTS-12. Kwa iwo, zolemba zawo zinapangidwa, chiphunzitso chinapangidwa, ndipo ngakhale m'zolemba zam'mbuyomu tidakhudzanso kapangidwe kawo podutsa.

Tikufuna kupita patsogolo.

Kodi pali zifukwa zilizonse zomwe zimatikakamiza kuchoka ku RTS-12 yodziwika bwino, yosavuta, yomveka kupita ku zosadziwika komanso zachilendo?

Sitidzakhazikika pazifukwa za prosaic monga kudziwa misewu yonse ndi njira zomwe zili m'dongosolo lathu lanthawi zonse. Tiyeni tivomereze bwino mfundo yakuti muzopanga zilizonse payenera kukhala gawo la adventurism, ndipo tiyeni tiyambepo.

Kampasi

Mbali yofunikira ya sewero lanyimbo ndi chinthu monga consonance. Ndiko kusinthana kwa ma consonances ndi ma dissonances komwe kumapangitsa mphamvu yokoka mu nyimbo, kusuntha, chitukuko.

Kodi tingatanthauze consonance ya ma microchromatic harmonies?

Kumbukirani ndondomeko yochokera munkhani yokhudzana ndi consonance:

Fomula iyi imakulolani kuwerengera consonance ya nthawi iliyonse, osati yachikale.

Ngati tiwerengera consonance ya nthawiyi kuchokera ku ku zomveka zonse mkati mwa octave imodzi, timapeza chithunzi chotsatira (mkuyu 3).

Kukula kwa nthawiyi kumakonzedwa mozungulira pano mu masenti (pamene masenti akuchulukirachulukira 100, timalowa muzolemba zokhazikika kuchokera ku RTS-12), molunjika - muyeso wa consonance: kukwezeka kwa mfundo, konsonati kochulukira. phokoso lapakati.

Grafu yotereyi itithandiza kuyang'ana ma microchromatic intervals.

Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kupeza chilinganizo cha consonance of chords, koma chidzawoneka chovuta kwambiri. Kuti tifewetse, tingakumbukire kuti choimba chilichonse chimakhala ndi mipata, ndipo consonance ya chord ingayerekezedwe molondola kwambiri mwa kudziwa makulidwe a mipata yonse yoipanga.

Mapu am'deralo

Kugwirizana kwanyimbo sikuli kokha pakumvetsetsa kwa consonance.

Mwachitsanzo, mungapeze consonant kwambiri kuposa triad yaying'ono, komabe, imakhala ndi gawo lapadera chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake. Tinaphunzira kamangidwe kameneka m'modzi mwa zolemba zakale.

Ndikoyenera kuganizira za harmonic za nyimbo mu danga la kuchulukana, kapena PC mwachidule.

Tiyeni tikumbukire mwachidule momwe zimapangidwira mu classical case.

Tili ndi njira zitatu zosavuta zolumikizira mawu awiri: kuchulukitsa ndi 2, kuchulukitsa ndi 3 ndi kuchulukitsa ndi 5. Njirazi zimapanga nkhwangwa zitatu mu danga la kuchulukitsa (PC). Gawo lirilonse motsatira mbali iliyonse ndikuchulukitsa ndi kuchulukitsa kofanana (mkuyu 4).

Mu danga ili, pamene zolembazo zimagwirizana kwambiri, m'pamenenso zimagwirizana kwambiri.

Zomangamanga zonse za harmonic: ma frets, makiyi, chords, ntchito zimapeza chiwonetsero chazithunzi pa PC.

Mutha kuwona kuti timatenga manambala oyambira ngati zinthu zochulukira: 2, 3, 5. Nambala yayikulu ndi mawu a masamu otanthauza kuti nambala imangogawika ndi 1 yokha.

Kusankha kochulukira kumeneku ndikoyenera. Ngati tiwonjezera axis ndi kuchulukitsa "kosakhala kosavuta" ku PC, ndiye kuti sitipeza zolemba zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, sitepe iliyonse motsatana ndi kuchuluka kwa 6, ndi tanthauzo, kuchulukitsa ndi 6, koma 6 = 2 * 3, chifukwa chake, titha kupeza zolemba zonsezi pochulukitsa 2 ndi 3, ndiye kuti, tinali nazo kale zonse. iwo popanda nkhwangwa izi. Koma, mwachitsanzo, kupeza 5 pochulukitsa 2 ndi 3 sikungagwire ntchito, chifukwa chake, zolemba pa axis of multiplicity 5 zidzakhala zatsopano.

Chifukwa chake, mu PC ndizomveka kuwonjezera nkhwangwa za kuchulukitsa kosavuta.

Nambala yotsatira yayikulu pambuyo pa 2, 3 ndi 5 ndi 7. Ndi iyi yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zina za harmonic.

Ngati cholemba pafupipafupi ku timachulukitsa ndi 7 (timatenga sitepe imodzi motsatira njira yatsopano), ndiyeno octave (kugawaniza ndi 1) kusamutsa phokosolo ku octave yoyambirira, timapeza phokoso latsopano lomwe siligwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo zachikale.

Nthawi yokhala ndi ku ndipo mawu awa adzamveka motere:

Kukula kwanthawi imeneyi ndi masenti 969 (senti ndi 1/100 ya semitone). Nthawi imeneyi ndi yocheperapo kuposa yachisanu ndi chiwiri (masenti 1000).

Mumkuyu 3 mutha kuwona mfundo yofananira ndi iyi nthawi (pansipa ikuwonetsedwa mofiira).

Mulingo wa consonance wa iyi ndi 10%. Poyerekeza, gawo laling'ono lachitatu limakhala ndi consonance yofanana, ndipo lachisanu ndi chiwiri laling'ono (lonse lachilengedwe ndi la Pythagorean) ndi nthawi yocheperako kuposa iyi. Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti tikutanthauza consonance yowerengeka. Kuzindikiridwa kwa consonance kungakhale kosiyana, monga gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri lakumva kwathu, nthawiyo ndiyodziwika bwino.

Kodi cholemba chatsopanochi chipezeka pati pa PC? Kodi tingapange mgwirizano wotani nawo?

Ngati titulutsa octave axis (mzere wa multiplicity 2), ndiye kuti PC yachikale idzakhala yosalala (mkuyu 5).

Zolemba zonse zomwe zili mu octave kwa wina ndi mzake zimatchedwa zofanana, kotero kuchepetsa koteroko kuli kovomerezeka pamlingo wina.

Chimachitika ndi chiyani mukawonjezera kuchuluka kwa 7?

Monga taonera pamwambapa, kuchulukitsa kwatsopano kumapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yatsopano mu PC (mkuyu 6).

Danga limakhala la mbali zitatu.

Izi zimapereka mwayi wambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kupanga chords mu ndege zosiyanasiyana (mkuyu 7).

Mu nyimbo, mutha kusuntha kuchokera ku ndege kupita ku ina, kupanga maulumikizidwe osayembekezereka ndi zotsutsana.

Koma kuwonjezera apo, ndizotheka kupitilira ziwerengero zosalala ndikumanga zinthu zitatu-dimensional: mothandizidwa ndi chords kapena mothandizidwa ndi kuyenda mosiyanasiyana.

Kusewera ndi ziwerengero za 3D, mwachiwonekere, kudzakhala maziko a ma microchromatics a harmonic.

Pano pali fanizo logwirizana ndi izi.

Panthawi imeneyo, pamene nyimbo zinachoka ku dongosolo la Pythagorean "la mzere" kupita ku "lathyathyathya" lachilengedwe, ndiko kuti, linasintha gawo kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 2, nyimbo zinasintha kwambiri. Tonalities, polyphony yodzaza, magwiridwe antchito a nyimbo ndi njira zina zosawerengeka zowonekera. Nyimbozo zinabadwanso mwatsopano.

Tsopano tikuyang'anizana ndi kusintha kwachiwiri - microchromatic - pamene miyeso ikusintha kuchoka pa 2 mpaka 3.

Monga momwe anthu a m’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages sakanatha kuneneratu kuti “nyimbo zaphokoso” zikanakhala zotani, n’kovuta kwa ife tsopano kulingalira kuti nyimbo za mbali zitatuzi zidzakhala zotani.

Tikhale ndi moyo timve.

Wolemba - Roman Oleinikov