Manda, manda |

Chiitaliya, lit. - zovuta, zazikulu, zofunika

1) Nyimbo. mawu omwe adawonekera m'zaka za zana la 17 Amawonetsa zoyesayesa za "zolemera", zozama, zodziwika bwino za kalembedwe ka Baroque. Zinali zogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha amakhudza (onani. Kukhudza chiphunzitso). S. Brossard mu 1703 amatanthauzira mawu akuti "G." monga "cholemetsa, chofunikira, chopambana kotero kuti pafupifupi nthawi zonse chimachedwa". G. amatanthauza tempo pafupi ndi largo, pakati pa lento ndi adagio. Zimapezeka mobwerezabwereza mu ntchito za JS Bach (Cantata BWV 82) ndi GF Handel (makwaya "Ndipo Israeli anati", "Iye ndiye Mbuye wanga" kuchokera ku oratorio "Israel ku Egypt"). Makamaka nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati chisonyezero cha mayendedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha kuyambika kwapang'onopang'ono - intrads, introduction to overtures ("Messiah" by Handel), ku magawo oyambirira a cyclic. ntchito (Beethoven's Pathetic Sonata), ku zochitika za opera (Fidelio, mawu otsogolera kundende), ndi zina zotero.

2) Nyimbo. mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito monga tanthawuzo la liwu lina ndi kutanthauza "kuya", "otsika". Choncho, mawu a manda (mawu apansi, nthawi zambiri manda) ndilo dzina lomwe linayambitsidwa ndi Hukbald kwa tetrachord yapansi ya phokoso la nthawi imeneyo (tetrachord yomwe ili pansi pa mapeto anayi; Gc). Manda a Octaves (octave otsika) - kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene kali m'chiwalo (chipangizo chomwe chimalola woimba kuti azitha kuwirikiza kawiri liwu lomwe limachitika m'munsi mwa octave; monga ma octave ena owonjezera, adagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'zaka za m'ma 18-19; mu 20th. m'zaka za zana lidasiya kugwiritsidwa ntchito , popeza silinapereke kukulitsa kwa mawu ndikuchepetsa kuwonekera kwa minofu yamawu).

Zothandizira: Brossard S. de, Dictionary of Music, yomwe ili ndi kufotokozera kwa mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri achi Greek, Latin, Italy ndi French mu nyimbo…, Amst., 1703; Hermann-Bengen I., Tempobezeichnungen, “Mьnchner Verцffentlichungen zur Musikgeschichte”, I, Tutzing, 1959.