Mtengo Woyenerera King-Lobos |

Hector Villa-Lobos

Vila Lobos adakali mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri a nyimbo zamakono komanso kunyada kwakukulu kwa dziko lomwe linamuberekera. P. Casals

Wopeka nyimbo waku Brazil, kondakitala, wolemba ndakatulo, mphunzitsi komanso woimba komanso wodziwika bwino pagulu E. Vila Lobos ndi m'modzi mwa olemba akulu komanso oyambilira azaka za zana la XNUMX. V. Maryse analemba kuti: “Vila Lobos anayambitsa nyimbo za dziko la Brazil, ndipo anachititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi nthano za anthu a m’nthaŵi yake ndipo anayala maziko olimba pamene oimba achichepere a ku Brazil anayenera kumangapo Kachisi wamkulu,” akulemba motero V. Maryse.

Wolemba zamtsogolo adalandira nyimbo zake zoyamba kuchokera kwa abambo ake, wokonda nyimbo komanso woimba nyimbo yabwino. Anaphunzitsa Heitor wachichepere momwe angawerengere nyimbo ndi kuimba cello. Kenako woyimba tsogolo paokha katswiri zida zingapo okhestra Kuyambira zaka 16, Vila Lobos anayamba moyo wa woimba woyendayenda. Aliyekha kapena ndi gulu la ojambula oyendayenda, ndi mnzake nthawi zonse - gitala, adayendayenda m'dziko lonselo, ankasewera m'malesitilanti ndi ma cinema, adaphunzira moyo wa anthu, miyambo, anasonkhanitsa ndi kujambula nyimbo ndi nyimbo za anthu. Ndicho chifukwa chake, pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya nyimbo za wolembayo, malo ofunika kwambiri amakhala ndi nyimbo ndi mavinidwe amtundu umene iye anakonza.

Osakhoza kupeza maphunziro kusukulu yoimba, osapeza chithandizo cha zokhumba zake zoimba m'banja, Vila Lobos adadziwa zoyambira za luso lopeka nyimbo makamaka chifukwa cha luso lake lalikulu, kupirira, kudzipereka, komanso maphunziro anthawi yochepa ndi F. Braga ndi E. Oswald.

Paris adachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pa moyo ndi ntchito ya Vila Lobos. Kumeneko, kuyambira 1923, adawongokera ngati wolemba nyimbo. Misonkhano ndi M. Ravel, M. de Falla, S. Prokofiev ndi oimba ena otchuka anali ndi chikoka china pa mapangidwe a umunthu wa kulenga wa wolemba. Mu 20s. amalemba zambiri, amapereka zoimbaimba, nthawi zonse kuchita nyengo iliyonse m'dziko lakwawo monga kondakitala, kuchita nyimbo zake ndi ntchito ndi oimba amakono European.

Vila Lobos anali wamkulu kwambiri woimba komanso wodziwika bwino ku Brazil, adathandizira m'njira iliyonse kuti pakhale chitukuko cha chikhalidwe chake choimba. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1931, wolembayo wakhala mtsogoleri wa boma pa maphunziro a nyimbo. M'mizinda yambiri ya dzikoli, iye anayambitsa sukulu nyimbo ndi kwaya, anapanga dongosolo bwino anaganiza zoimbira nyimbo ana, amene malo lalikulu anapatsidwa kwa nyimbo kwaya. Pambuyo pake, Vila Lobos adakonza National Conservatory of Choral Singing (1942). Mwakufuna kwake, mu 1945, Brazil Academy of Music inatsegulidwa ku Rio de Janeiro, yomwe wolembayo adatsogolera mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake. Vila Lobos adathandizira kwambiri pakuphunzira nyimbo ndi ndakatulo za ku Brazil, ndikupanga mabuku asanu ndi limodzi a "Practical Guide for the Study of Folklore", omwe ali ndi phindu lenileni la encyclopedic.

Wolembayo ankagwira ntchito pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nyimbo - kuchokera ku opera kupita ku nyimbo za ana. Cholowa cha Vila Lobos chomwe chili ndi ntchito zopitilira 1000 chimaphatikizapo masimphoni (12), ndakatulo za symphonic ndi suites, zisudzo, ma ballet, ma concerto, ma quartets (17), piyano, zachikondi, ndi zina zambiri. Mu ntchito yake, adadutsa muzokonda zingapo ndi zisonkhezero, zomwe zisonkhezero za impressionism zinali zamphamvu kwambiri. Komabe, ntchito zabwino kwambiri za wolembayo zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino cha dziko. Amafotokoza mwachidule za luso la anthu aku Brazil: modal, harmonic, mtundu; nthawi zambiri maziko a ntchito zake ndi otchuka wowerengeka nyimbo ndi kuvina.

Pakati pa nyimbo zambiri za Vila Lobos, 14 Shoro (1920-29) ndi Brazilian Bahian cycle (1930-44) zimayenera kusamalidwa mwapadera. "Shoro", malinga ndi wolembayo, "ndi mtundu watsopano wanyimbo, womwe umapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo za ku Brazil, Negro ndi India, zomwe zikuwonetsa mayendedwe aluso komanso mtundu wa luso la anthu." Vila Lobos ali pano osati mtundu wa nyimbo wamba, komanso gulu la oimba. M'malo mwake, "14 Shoro" ndi mtundu wa chithunzi chanyimbo cha Brazil, momwe mitundu ya nyimbo ndi kuvina kwa anthu, phokoso la zida zamtundu wa anthu limapangidwanso. Kuzungulira kwa Brazilian Bahian ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za Vila Lobos. Chiyambi cha lingaliro la ma suites onse 9 a kuzungulira uku, ouziridwa ndi kumverera kwa kusilira kwa katswiri wa JS Bach, agona mu mfundo yakuti palibe kalembedwe ka nyimbo za woimba wamkulu waku Germany mmenemo. Izi ndizo nyimbo zaku Brazil, chimodzi mwazinthu zowala kwambiri zamtundu wadziko.

Ntchito za wolemba pa moyo wake zinatchuka kwambiri ku Brazil ndi kunja. Masiku ano, m'dziko lakwawo wolemba nyimbo, mpikisano wodziwika ndi dzina lake umachitika mwadongosolo. Chochitika choyimba ichi, kukhala tchuthi chenicheni cha dziko, chimakopa oimba ochokera kumayiko ambiri padziko lapansi.

I. Vetlitsyna