Mbiri ya Njoka

Pakali pano, zida zoimbira zakale zayamba kudzutsa chidwi chachikulu kwa oimba ndi omvera. Opanga nyimbo zambiri akuyang'ana phokoso latsopano, osonkhanitsa ndi okonda osavuta a nyimbo zoyambirira za nyimbo padziko lonse lapansi akuyesera "kuweta" zida zakale zosadziwika zomwe zakhala zikutuluka kwa nthawi yaitali kuchokera ku zida zambiri. Chimodzi mwa zidazi, chomwe posachedwapa chakopa chidwi cha omvera, chidzakambidwa.

Njoka - Chida choimbira cha Brass. Idawonekera ku France m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, komwe idapangidwa ndi mbuye waku France Edme Guillaume. Dzinali limachokera ku liwu lachifalansa lakuti "njoka", pomasulira - njoka, chifukwa. wopindika kunja ndipo amafanana kwenikweni ndi njoka. Poyambirira, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kunali kogwirizana ndi gawo lakwaya ya tchalitchi komanso kukulitsa mawu a bass aamuna. Komabe, patapita nthawi, njoka imakhala yotchuka kwambiri, ndipo m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, pafupifupi onse a ku Ulaya akudziwa.

Pamodzi ndi kulowa mu makampani oimba nyimbo za nthawi imeneyo, chidacho chimatchukanso m'nyumba zapakhomo, chimalowa m'nyumba za anthu olemera. M'masiku amenewo anthu ankaona kuti n'zovuta kwambiri kusewera njoka. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, chifukwa cha woimba wotchuka waku France Francois Joseph Gossec, njoka idalandiridwa mu oimba a symphony ngati chida cha bass. Munthawi yamakono, mphamvu ya chidacho idangokulirakulira, ndipo pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, palibe oimba athunthu omwe akanaganiziridwa popanda chida chamtundu wa njoka.

Mafotokozedwe oyambirira, mawonekedwe ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito, njoka inatenga ku chitoliro cha chizindikiro, chomwe chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kale. Kunja, ndi chubu chopindika chopangidwa ndi matabwa, mkuwa, siliva kapena zinki, wokutidwa ndi zikopa, ndi chomangira pakamwa pa mbali imodzi ndi belu mbali inayo. Ili ndi mabowo a zala. Mu Baibulo loyambirira, njoka inali ndi mabowo asanu ndi limodzi. Pambuyo pake, atatha kusintha, mabowo atatu kapena asanu ndi mavavu anawonjezeredwa ku chida, chomwe chinapangitsa kuti, pamene adatsegulidwa pang'ono, kuchotsa phokoso ndi kusintha kwa chromatic scale (semitones). Mlomo wa njoka umafanana kwambiri ndi zilankhulo za zida zamakono zamakono monga malipenga. M’mapangidwe akale anapangidwa kuchokera ku mafupa a nyama, kenaka anapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo.

Mtundu wa njoka ndi mpaka ma octaves atatu, chomwe ndi chifukwa chokwanira cha kutenga nawo gawo ngati chida cha solo. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kotulutsa mawu osinthidwa a chromatically, omwe amakhudza luso lowongolera, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu symphony, brass ndi jazz orchestras. Miyeso imasiyanasiyana kuchokera theka la mita kufika mamita atatu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chidacho chikhale chochuluka kwambiri. Malinga ndi gulu lake lomveka, njoka ndi ya gulu la ma aerophones. Phokoso limapangidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwa gawo la mawu. Phokoso lamphamvu komanso losalongosoka la chidacho lakhala chizindikiro chake. Pokhudzana ndi phokoso lakuthwa lakuthwa, pakati pa oimba, njoka yapeza dzina la slang - double bass-anaconda.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, njoka idasinthidwa ndi zida zamakono zamakono, kuphatikiza zomwe zidamangidwa pamaziko ake, koma osaiwalika.