Oktobas: kufotokoza kwa chida, kapangidwe, phokoso, mbiri ya chilengedwe, momwe kusewera

M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, opanga violin adayesa kupanga chida chomwe mawu ake amakhala otsika kuposa ma bass awiri. Zoyesera zambiri zapangitsa kuti pakhale chithunzi cha miyeso yayikulu m'banja la violin. Octobass sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri mu chikhalidwe cha nyimbo, koma oimba ena a symphony amagwiritsa ntchito kuti apereke kukoma kwapadera ku ntchito zakale zakale.

Octobas ndi chiyani

Chordophone yayikulu m'banja la zingwe za violin imawoneka ngati mabasi awiri. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zida ndi kukula. Pa oktobass ndi zazikulu kwambiri - kutalika kwa mamita anayi. M'lifupi mwa mlanduwo kwambiri voluminous malo kufika mamita awiri. Khosi lili ndi zingwe zitatu, zokhala ndi zikhomo zowongolera. Pamwamba pake pali ma levers. Mwa kuzikankha, woimbayo anakankha zingwezo ku bar.

Kodi octobass amamveka bwanji?

Chidacho chimapanga phokoso lochepa pa malire a kumva kwa anthu. Zikanakhala ngakhale maphokoso apansipansi, ndiye kuti anthu sakanawamva. Chifukwa chake, zinali zopanda pake kuyesa miyeso mopitilira.

Dongosolo limatsimikiziridwa ndi zolemba zitatu: "chita", "sol", "re". Phokoso silimamveka, pafupipafupi "ku" subcontroctave ndi 16 Hz. Muzoimba nyimbo, njira yochepa kwambiri inagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imathera mu "la" ya counteroctave. Oyambitsawo adakhumudwa ndi phokoso la octobass, ndi lochepa kwambiri komanso lolemera poyerekeza ndi "mng'ono".

Mbiri ya kulengedwa kwa chida

Nthawi yomweyo, ambuye ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana adabwera ndi lingaliro lakuwonjezera thupi la bass iwiri. Zing'onozing'ono za "zimphona" zimayimiridwa ndi English Museum. Kutalika kwake ndi mamita 2,6. Inaseweredwa ndi anthu awiri nthawi imodzi. Mmodzi anakwera pachoikapo chapadera n’kumanga zingwezo, ndipo wina anatsogolera uta. Chida ichi adachitcha "Goliyati".

Pakatikati mwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, Paris adawona octobass mita imodzi yayikulu kuposa Chingerezi. Adapangidwa ndi Jean Baptiste Vuillaume. Mbuyeyo adakonza zosintha bwino kuti kusewera bass yayikulu kusakhale kovuta kwambiri. Iye anakonzekeretsa chida choimbira cha zingwe ndi makina okoka, omwe ankayendetsedwa ndi ma lever angapo pamwamba ndi pansi.

American John Geyer anapita patsogolo. Octobass ake anali kutalika kochititsa chidwi - mamita anayi ndi theka. Sakanakhoza kuikidwa mu chipinda chirichonse. Zinali zovuta mwaukadaulo kuyimba zida zazikulu. Anakhumudwa ndi mawu awo otsika. Poyerekeza ndi ma bass awiri, inali ndi mtundu wochepa, machulukidwe, kapena kuya kwa mawu.

Patapita nthawi, pozindikira kusagwirizana kwa lingalirolo, ambuyewo anasiya kuyesa kukula kwa mlanduwo. Anatembenukiranso ku ma bas awiri, kusintha komwe kunapangitsa kuti athe kupeza mawu otsika powonjezera chingwe chachisanu mu "do" ikukonzekera pa counteroctave. Kumveka kowonjezereka kwapansi kunathekanso ndi makina apadera omwe "amatalikitsa" chingwe chotsika kwambiri.

Momwe mungasewere octobass

Njira yoimbira “chimphona” ndi yofanana ndi njira zoimbira nyimbo pa violin kapena chida china choweramira. Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, oimba adakwera ku nsanja yapadera, pafupi ndi pomwe octobass anaikidwa. Koma ngakhale malowa adayambitsa zovuta pokanikizira zingwe. Chifukwa chake, kuthekera kwa tempos yofulumira, kudumpha, ndime sikunaphatikizidwe. Zimakhala zovuta kusewera ngakhale sikelo yophweka, chifukwa phokoso lake lidzasokonezedwa ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zolemba.

Pakati pa oimba otchuka Richard Wagner chidwi kwambiri mbali octobass mu ntchito zake. Iye anayesetsa kupanga kachulukidwe kamvekedwe ka mawu, makamaka kulembera nyimbo zazikulu ziwiri. Tchaikovsky, Berlioz, Brahms, Wagner anagwiritsa ntchito mwayi wotsitsa phokoso mpaka malire. Olemba amakono ataya chidwi ndi chidacho, amachigwiritsa ntchito kawirikawiri. Mwa otchuka kwambiri, mutha kuwona ntchito ya "ndakatulo zinayi" ya Adam Gilberti.

Zida Zofananira

Mabasi awiri ndi viola si okhawo omwe ambuye ayesera nawo. Pakati pa zingwe pali "chimphona" china, chomwe lero chimamveka mumagulu a anthu. Izi ndi ziwiri bass balalaika. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi mamita 1,7. Pakati pa balalaikas ena, imakhala ndi phokoso lotsika kwambiri ndipo imagwira ntchito ya bass.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kunakhudzanso zida zopangira mphepo. Umu ndi momwe contrabass saxophone adawonekera, mpaka mamita awiri kutalika, chitoliro cha contrabass, kukula kwa munthu. Pa kukhalapo kwa octobass, mawu nthawi zambiri ankawoneka kuti ambuye adagwira ntchito pachabe, zipatso za ntchito yawo ndizosasangalatsa ndipo sizikukulitsa luso la oimba.

Koma kafukufuku, kuyesa ndi ma frequency otsika kunalola oimbawo kupeza zinthu zina zofunika. Kwa chikhalidwe, ntchito ya ambuye ndi yamtengo wapatali. Oktobass wakhala chida chokhacho chomwe mawu ake amalekezera pa kuthekera kwa kumva kwa anthu.