History ndi ukulele

Munthu aliyense adamvapo nyimbo zaku Hawaii, kusuntha ngati mafunde ndi manja awo ndikumwetulira mosangalala ataona malaya achikuda aku Hawaii, zomwe nyengo iliyonse imakumbutsa za chilimwe chadzuwa komanso chosasamala. Ndipo mayanjano oyamba omwe amawonekera pa liwu loti "Hawaii" ndi ukulele ukulele, yemwe nkhani yake idzakumitsirani kukumbukira za nyanja, mchenga wa golide, mafunde osinthika komanso kuseka kosangalatsa. Chidacho, zingwe kapena makiyi akakhudza, chimakhala chamoyo. Ndi zolinga zake zodabwitsa, zomveka komanso zomveka bwino, akufuna kufotokoza nkhani yake, zomwe adayenera kudutsa kuti anthu azisangalala ndi nyimbo zodabwitsazi.

ukulele - gitala yaying'ono yazingwe zinayi, yomwe imagwirizana moyenerera ndi zilumba za Hawaii, koma kwenikweni chida ichi ndi chopangidwa ndi Chipwitikizi kuposa cha Hawaii. Tsoka ilo, tsiku lenileni la kubadwa silikudziwika, koma kutengera mbiri yakale, izi zidachitika mu 1886.

Koma kodi chida cha ku Ulaya chikanafika bwanji ku Hawaii? Tsopano wolemba mbiri aliyense adzachotsedwa pamapazi ake ngati atafunsidwa kuti apereke zowonadi zodalirika, koma sadzapeza kalikonse, popeza sizinasungidwe. Panthaŵi ngati zimenezi, nthano zambiri zimathandiza.

Mbiri mwachidule

Chidacho, chomwe chidalowa m'mitima ya anthu ambiri ngati mbadwa yaku Hawaii, idachokera ku Portugal, makamaka, kwa anthu ake anayi. M’chigawo cha 1878-1913, anthu ambiri okhala kudera la Chipwitikizi anaganiza zopita kukafunafuna moyo wabwino, kusankha kwawo kunagwera pazilumba za Hawaii. Mwachibadwa, anthu adasamukira kumeneko osati opanda kanthu, koma ndi katundu wawo, pakati pawo panali chida chotchedwa braginya - gitala laling'ono lazingwe zisanu lomwe lingathe kutchedwa kuti progenitor wa ukulele.

Atasamukira kumalo atsopano, ambiri anayamba kudziyesa okha m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti apeze ndalama ndi chakudya. Choncho anzake anayi Augusto Diaz, José do Esperito Santo, Manuelo Nunez ndi Joao Fernandez anayamba kupanga mipando ya Chipwitikizi, yomwe siinakondweretse anthu a m'deralo, ndipo kuti apitirizebe kukhalabe, abwenziwo adayambiranso kupanga zida zoimbira. Kuyesera kwawo kunapangitsa kuti mu 1886 chida chachilendo chinabadwa ndi phokoso losangalatsa kwambiri, losangalatsa komanso lowala. Chidacho chinali ndi zingwe zinayi zokha, chomwe chinali chingwe chimodzi chocheperapo kuposa cha kholo lake, braginya. Ndi iti mwa anayi omwe adayipanga mwalamulo sichidziwikabe, koma dzina la M. Nunez limapezeka pamitundu yoyambirira, ngakhale J. Fernandez adawonedwa ngati mmisiri wodziwika pakuyimba chida chachilendo ichi. Poyamba, kupangidwa kwa Chipwitikizi sikunavomerezedwe ndi anthu ammudzi, koma zonse zinasintha pambuyo pa chikondwerero chaching'ono, chomwe chinachitikira Princess Victoria Kaiulani ndi amalume ake, Mfumu David Kalakaua, yemwe anali woyamba kuimba ukulele. Pokhala wokonda chida chimenechi, anaganiza zochiika m’gulu la oimba achifumu kuti anthu ena azisangalala nacho. Sizidziwika kuti n’chiyani chinachititsa kuti anthu a m’dzikoli asinthe maganizo awo, kaya ndi chikondi cha mfumu pa nyimbo zachilendo, kapena kuti ukulele anapangidwa kuchokera ku mtengo wa mthethe wa ku Hawaii, womwe unali chizindikiro choyamikira chilengedwe. Sichachabechabe kuti kuyambira pamenepo palibe tchuthi limodzi lomwe latha popanda phokoso la gitala la zingwe zinayi.

Kulumpha utitiri

Dzina la ukulele - ukulele - likhoza kumasuliridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Chosiyana chodziwika bwino ndi "kudumpha utitiri" chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka zala zomwe zimakhala ngati kudumpha kwachisokonezo. Pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi chida ichi, pali mitundu ingapo ya chifukwa chake chidachi chidalandira dzina lachilendoli.

Malinga ndi Baibulo loyambalo, chida chimenechi chinachitcha dzina lotchulidwira ndi anthu a m’deralo chifukwa wojambula yemwe ankaimba nyimboyo ankasewera zingwezo mofulumira kwambiri moti zinkaoneka ngati ntchentche zikudumphira pamenepo. Malinga ndi Baibulo lachiwiri, mfumu yomwe inali kulamulira panthawiyo inali ndi chikondi chodabwitsa pa chida ichi, ndipo Mngelezi, yemwe anali muutumiki wake, ankadandaula kwambiri pamene ankayimba moti iyeyo ankawoneka ngati utitiri wothamanga. Chabwino, njira yomaliza, yolemekezeka kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti Mfumukazi ya ku Hawaii, Liliuokalani, anaona chida cha kutsidya kwa nyanja ndipo anachitcha ukulele, kutanthauza “chiyamikiro chimene chinabwera.”

Ukulele kumadziwika padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chakuchita kwa Royal Hawaiian Quartet ku Panama-Pacific Exhibition ku San Francisco mu 1915, pambuyo pake aliyense adayamba kuyankhula. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, chida ichi chinkadziwika kuzilumba za Hawaii kokha, kumene pafupifupi anthu onse ankasewera, kudzaza misewu ndi magombe ndi phokoso losangalatsa.

Zamakono zathu

Ukulele - ukulele kapena uke - tsopano kutchuka kwambiri. Chida chaching'onochi tsopano chikhoza kuwonedwa pafupifupi m'nyumba iliyonse, phokoso lake silingamveke m'mafilimu a ku Hawaii okha, komanso m'misewu yathu, imaseweredwa ndi oimba a m'misewu ndi pop. Maonekedwe achilendo komanso kakulidwe kakang'ono, poyerekeza ndi ma acoustic ena, amatsogolera omvera ku chisangalalo chodabwitsa ndikukopa chidwi chochulukirapo. Kutchuka kwakukulu kwa chida ichi kungafotokozedwenso ndi mfundo yakuti kwenikweni m'kanthawi kochepa mungathe kuphunzira nyimbo zingapo, zomwe zingakhale zokwanira kutsagana ndi nyimbo yansangala.

Tsopano chida chozulidwa cha zingwe zinayichi chadzikhazikitsa chokhazikika mu jazi; zinali zopitirira mphamvu zake kupikisana ndi dziko kapena rock ndi roll chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake. Pali mitundu isanu ya chida ichi, chomwe chimasiyana ndi kukula, mawonekedwe ndi zipangizo zopangira. Ukulele amapangidwa ndi matabwa, komabe, lero mutha kupeza ukulele opangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki ndi plywood. Mawonekedwe a chidacho ndi osiyanasiyana - ambuye akuyesa mwakhama, kupereka ukulele kukhudza kwatsopano ndikuthandizira kusewera ndi mitundu yatsopano.

Aliyense akhoza kuimba chida chosangalatsa ngati ukulele ndikumwetulira mosangalala. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti posachedwa ma boulevards onse adzayimba nyimbo ndi ma Hawaiian motifs.