Mbiri ya kulengedwa ndi chitukuko cha synthesizer

Tonse tikudziwa bwino kuti limba ndi zosunthika kwambiri ngati chida, ndi synthesizer ndi chimodzi mwa mbali zake, amene angasinthe kwambiri nyimbo zonse, kukulitsa luso lake kuti malire kuti oimba chakale sakanakhoza ngakhale kulingalira. Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa njira yomwe idayenda isanawonekere synthesizer yomwe timaidziwa bwino. Ndifulumira kudzaza kusiyana kumeneku.

Ndikuganiza kuti sikoyenera kubwereza mawu opambana okhudza kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo. Mutha kuwerenga za mbiri ya piyano apa.

Kodi munakumbukira nkhaniyo m’maganizo mwanu, kuiŵerenga kwanthaŵi yoyamba, kapena munaganiza zoinyalanyaza kotheratu? Komabe, zilibe kanthu… Tiyeni titsike ku bizinesi!

Mbiri: oyamba synthesizer

Mizu ya mawu oti "synthesizer" imachokera ku lingaliro la "kaphatikizidwe", ndiko kuti, kulengedwa kwa chinachake (kwa ife, phokoso) kuchokera ku ziwalo zomwe kale zinali zosiyana. Chimodzi mwazinthu zake zazikulu ndikuti synthesizer imatha kutulutsa mawu a piyano yachikale (ndipo, mwa njira, ngakhale phokoso la piyano nthawi zambiri limaperekedwa m'matembenuzidwe osiyanasiyana), komanso kutsanzira phokoso la ena ambiri. zida. Amakhalanso ndi mawu amagetsi omwe ma synthesizer okha amatha kubereka. Koma chida chabwinocho, mtengo wake udzakhala wapamwamba - izi zimapanga malire ndipo izi, osachepera, ndizomveka.

Pamenepo

Kupangidwa kwa zida zamagetsi kunayamba kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, ndipo apa, posangalala ndi kukonda dziko lathu, wasayansi waku Russia adati Lev Theremin - anali malingaliro ake ndi manja ake zomwe zidapanga chimodzi mwa zida zoyambira zonse zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito. malamulo a physics ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, yotchedwa pamenepo. Chinali chosavuta komanso chopangidwa ndi mafoni, chomwe chilibe ma analogi mpaka pano - ichi ndiye chida chokhacho chomwe chimaseweredwa popanda kuchikhudza.

Woimbayo, akusuntha manja ake mu danga pakati pa tinyanga ta chida, amasintha mafunde ogwedezeka ndipo potero amasintha zolemba zomwe theremin amapereka. Chidachi chimaonedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri kuzidziwa zomwe zidapangidwa ndi anthu - kuwongolera kwake sikudziwika ndipo kumafuna chidziwitso chambiri. Kuonjezera apo, phokoso limene theremin limapanga ndilo, tinene, lachindunji, koma ndilo chifukwa chake limayamikiridwabe ndi oimba ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula.

Tellarmonium

Chimodzi mwa zida zoyamba zamagetsi, nthawi ino kale makibodi, adatchedwa Tellarmonium ndipo anapangidwa Thaddeus Cahill wochokera ku Iowa. Ndipo chida, chomwe cholinga chake chinali choloŵa m’malo mwa chiwalo cha tchalitchicho, chinapezeka kuti chinali chachikuludi: chinali cholemera pafupifupi matani 200, chinali ndi majenereta aakulu amagetsi okwana 145, ndipo zinatengera magalimoto 30 anjanji kuti apite nawo ku New York. Koma zenizeni za chilengedwe chake zimasonyeza kumene nyimbo ziyenera kusuntha, zimasonyeza momwe kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kungathandize chitukuko cha luso. Iwo adanena kuti Cahill patsogolo pa nthawi yake, adamutcha kuti ndi katswiri wosadziwika. Komabe, ngakhale zithumwa zonse za chidacho, zinali ndi malo oti zitheke: Ndinatchula kale kukula kwake, koma, kuwonjezera apo, zinayambitsa kusokoneza mafoni a m'manja, ndipo khalidwe lake lomveka linali lochepa kwambiri ngakhale ndi miyambo ya chiyambi cha nyimbo. zaka za zana la XNUMX.

Organ ili ku Hammond

Zowona, zingapo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zidapangidwa zidapangitsa kuti zipite patsogolo. Chotsatira chotsatira pa chitukuko cha zida zamagetsi chinali chotchedwa ku Hammond, mlengi wake amene anali American Laurence Hammond. Zolengedwa zake zinali zazing'ono kwambiri kuposa mchimwene wake wamkulu Tellarmonium, komabe kutali ndi kakang'ono (chidacho chinali cholemera makilogalamu osachepera 200).

Chinthu chachikulu cha chiwalo cha Hammond chinali chakuti chinali ndi ma levers apadera omwe amakulolani kuti muzisakaniza mafomu azizindikiro mwaokha ndipo potsirizira pake mutulutse zomveka zanu, zosiyana ndi chiwalo chokhazikika.

Chidacho chapeza kuzindikira - nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chiwalo chenicheni m'mipingo ya ku America, ndipo chayamikiridwanso ndi oimba ambiri a jazz ndi rock (The Beatles, Deep Purple, Inde ndi ena ambiri). Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, pamene Hammond anafunsidwa kuti asatchule chida chake kuti ndi chiwalo, pempholo linakanidwa pamapeto pake, chifukwa bungweli silinathe kusiyanitsa phokoso la chiwalo chamagetsi kuchokera ku chida chenichenicho.

Konsati yaphokoso

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, yomwe, ndithudi, inayika chitukuko cha zida zoimbira, chochitika chokha chofunika kwambiri pa mutu wathu chinali. "Concert of Noises"yoperekedwa ndi French Pierre Henri и Pierre Schaeffer - Ichi ndi chochitika choyesera, pomwe majenereta atsopano adawonjezeredwa ku chiwalo cha Hammond, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe adalandira midadada yatsopano ya timbre ndikusintha kwambiri mawu ake. Ngakhale chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa majenereta, zonse zomwe zimachitika mu labotale zitha kuchitika, ngakhale izi, konsatiyi imatha kuonedwa ngati kubadwa kwa mtundu wa nyimbo za avant-garde, zomwe zidayamba kufalikira pang'onopang'ono.

Mark

RCA (Radio Corporation of America) idayesa koyamba kupanga zopangira zomwe zingakhale sitepe patsogolo kuchokera ku gulu la Hammond, koma zitsanzo zopangidwa ndi bungwe. Mark I и Mark II sichinapambane chifukwa, kachiwiri, ku matenda a zipangizo zonse zamagetsi za nthawi imeneyo - miyeso (synthesizer inatenga chipinda chonse!) Ndipo mitengo ya zakuthambo, komabe, iwo ndithudi anakhala chochitika chatsopano pa chitukuko cha matekinoloje omveka bwino.

minimoog

Zikuwoneka kuti chitukuko chikuyenda bwino, koma akatswiri adalepherabe kupanga chidacho chosavuta komanso chotsika mtengo mpaka atayamba kugwira ntchito John Moog, mwiniwake wa kampani yomwe imapanga theremins yomwe mukudziwa kale, yemwe, pamapeto pake, adabweretsa. synthesizer pafupi ndi anthu wamba.

Mug adatha kuthetsa zolakwa zonse za prototypes popanga minimoog - chida chodziwika bwino chomwe chinatchuka kwambiri pamtundu wa nyimbo zamagetsi. Inali yaying'ono, yotsika mtengo, ngakhale yokwera mtengo - $ 1500, koma iyi ndi synthesizer yoyamba yokhala ndi ziro ziwiri kumapeto kwa mtengo.

Kuphatikiza apo, Minimoog anali ndi mawu omwe amayamikiridwa ndi oimba mpaka lero - ndi owala komanso wandiweyani, ndipo, chomwe chiri choseketsa kwambiri, mwayi uwu ndi zotsatira za zovuta zake: synthesizer sinathe kusunga dongosolo kwa nthawi yayitali. ku zolakwika zina zaukadaulo. Zolepheretsa zina zinali zoti chidacho chinali chamtundu wa monophonic, ndiye kuti, chimangowona cholemba chimodzi chikutsindikiridwa pa kiyibodi (ie, panalibe mwayi woimba nyimbo), komanso sichinali tcheru ndi mphamvu ya kukanikiza kiyi.

Koma zonsezi panthawiyo zidalipiridwa ndi kumveka kwapamwamba, komwe kumakambidwabe ndi oimba amagetsi (ena, otsimikiza, ali okonzeka kugulitsa miyoyo yawo pa Minimoog yoyambirira), komanso mwayi waukulu wosinthira mawu. Ntchitoyi idachita bwino kwambiri kotero kuti kwa nthawi yayitali moog anali dzina lanyumba: kunena kuti mawu akuti moog amatanthauza synthesizer, osati kampani yokhayi.

1960-e

Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, makampani ambiri adawonekera, omwe adajambula kagawo kake popanga synthesizer: Zoyimira Mabwalo, E-mu, Roland, arp, Korg, Oberheim, ndipo iyi si mndandanda wonse. Ma analogi ophatikizika sanasinthe kwambiri kuyambira pamenepo, amayamikiridwabe komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri - zitsanzozo zinali mtundu wakale wa synthesizer womwe tidazolowera.

Mwa njira, opanga Soviet nawonso sanasiyire kumbuyo: mu USSR, pafupifupi katundu yense amangopangidwa m'nyumba, ndipo zida sizinali zosiyana (ngakhale kuti wina anatha kunyamula magitala akunja m'makope amodzi, zinali zovomerezeka kugula zida kuchokera. maiko ogwirizana a Warsaw Pact - Czechoslovak Muzima kapena Bulgarian Orpheus, koma izi zimangogwira magitala amagetsi ndi bass). Soviet synthesizer ndi chidwi kwambiri mawu, USSR ngakhale anali katswiri wake wa nyimbo zamagetsi, monga Mwachitsanzo, Eduard Artemiev. Mndandanda wotchuka kwambiri unali Aelita, Youth,  Sekani, zamagetsi EM.

Komabe, dziko, kuwonjezera pa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, limayendetsedwanso ndi mafashoni, ndipo ponena za luso lazojambula, makamaka limakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwake. Ndipo, mwatsoka kapena mwamwayi, koma kwa nthawi ndithu chidwi cha nyimbo zamagetsi chinazimiririka, ndipo chitukuko cha mitundu yatsopano ya synthesizer sichinakhale ntchito yopindulitsa kwambiri.

New Wave (New Wave)

Koma, monga tikukumbukira, mafashoni ali ndi chodabwitsa chosinthira - pa nthawi ya 80s, boom yamagetsi mwadzidzidzi inabweranso. Panthawiyi, zamagetsi sizinalinso zoyesera (monga pulojekiti yatsopano ya ku Germany ya 1970s Kraftwerk), koma, m'malo mwake, inakhala chinthu chodziwika bwino, chotchedwa. New wave (New Wave).

Panali magulu odziwika padziko lonse lapansi monga Duran Duran, Depeche Mode, Pet Shop Boys, A-ha, omwe nyimbo zawo zinali zochokera ku synthesizer, mtundu uwu unapangidwa ndipo, pamodzi ndi dzina lake, synth-pop.

Oimba a magulu ngati amenewa poyamba ankagwiritsa ntchito synthesizers okha, nthawi zina kuwasokoneza ndi gitala. The zikuchokera keyboardists atatu (ndipo anali synthesizer oposa mmodzi), makina ng'oma ndi vocalist wakhala ponseponse, ngakhale ngati mlengi wa Tellarmonium akanakhoza kumva za izo, ndiye kudabwa ake sakanadziwa malire. Inali nthawi yopambana ya nyimbo zovina, nthawi ya techno ndi nyumba, kubadwa kwa subculture yatsopano.

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)

Zonsezi zidapereka chilimbikitso chatsopano chokweza ukadaulo wafumbi kale. Komabe, matekinoloje a analogi ali pazidendene za nthawi ya digito, ndiko kutuluka kwa mawonekedwe. MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface). Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi kutuluka kwa ma samplers, omwe mumatha kujambula nawo mawu omwe mukufuna, ndikusewera nawo pogwiritsa ntchito. MIDI keyboards. Kukula kwa mawonekedwe a MIDI kwapita patsogolo kwambiri kotero kuti m'nthawi yathu ino, ndizokwanira kale kukhala ndi kiyibodi yokha, yomwe, poyerekeza ndi zitsanzo za analogi, sizimawononga chilichonse. Itha kulumikizidwa ndi kompyuta (koma kompyutayo iyenera kukhala yamphamvu mokwanira) ndipo, mukangosintha pang'ono, sewerani nyimbo pogwiritsa ntchito mwapadera. VST-mapiritsi (Virtual Studio Technology).

Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti zitsanzo zakale zidzayiwalika, chifukwa limba silinakumane ndi tsoka lofanana, sichoncho? Akatswiri oimba nyimbo zamagetsi amayamikira kwambiri analogue ndipo amakhulupirira kuti mawu a digito akadali kutali kwambiri ndi khalidwe lawo, ndipo iwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito VST amayang'aniridwa ndi kunyozedwa pang'ono ...

Komabe, poyerekeza kuchuluka kwa chitukuko cha matekinoloje digito wapita patsogolo ndi kuchuluka phokoso khalidwe wakula, ndiye, mwina kwambiri, analogi zida zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ngakhale panopa mukhoza kuona keyboardists kusewera ndi laputopu pafupi nawo. pamakonsati - kupita patsogolo, monga tikuwonera, sikudzaima.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti, kuwonjezera pa kuwongolera bwino komanso kumveka kwa mawu osiyanasiyana, mitengo yomwe kale inali ya zakuthambo tsopano yakhala yotsika mtengo. Chifukwa chake, zopangira zotsika mtengo zomwe zimaberekanso zimamveka moyipa kuposa Walpurgis Night ndipo osachita kukanikiza kiyi zimawononga pafupifupi $50. Opanga osankhika a la Moog Voyager Xl amatha kuwononga $ 5000, ndipo mtengo wawo ukhoza kukula mpaka kalekale ngati inu, mwachitsanzo, Jean-Michel Jarre ndikupanga chida choyitanitsa. Ndizotheka kuti ndikupita patsogolo pang'ono, koma ndikufuna ndikulimbikitseni pasadakhale, ngati mukufuna kugula synthesizer, musasunge ndalama: nthawi zambiri chida chochokera pansi pa $ 350 sichidzakusangalatsani. kamvekedwe kabwino, kadzathetsanso chikhumbo chilichonse chofuna kuphunzira ndi kusewera.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti munasangalala nazo. Kumbukirani kuti popanda kudziwa mbiri yakale, n'zosatheka kupanga tsogolo!

Ngati simunawerenge nkhani ya momwe mungasankhire piyano yoyenera yamagetsi, mutha kuchita tsopano podina ulalo.

Kanema pansipa akuwonetsa chiwonetsero cha Mini Virtual Studio: