Mbiri ya lutes

lute - chida chodulira cha zingwe chokhala ndi zingwe pakhosi ndi thupi looneka ngati peyala.

Mbiri yazomwe zachitika

Lute ndi imodzi mwa zida zakale zoimbira, tsiku lenileni ndi malo omwe amawonekera zomwe sizidziwika bwino. Chojambula choyamba pa piritsi ladongo, chofanana ndi lute, chinalembedwa chapakati pa zaka chikwi chachiwiri BC. Zofukulidwa m'mabwinja zimatsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi ku Bulgaria, Egypt, Greece ndi Rome.

Chifukwa cha anthu a ku Bulgaria, lute ya khosi lalifupi inakhala yotchuka ku Balkan. M'zaka za zana la XNUMX zidafalikira kumayiko aku Asia, makamaka ku Persia ndi Byzantium, ndipo m'zaka za zana la XNUMX zidabweretsedwa ndi a Moors ku Spain. Posakhalitsa chidachi chimakhala chodziwika kulikonse. M'zaka za m'ma XNUMX idaseweredwa ku Italy, Portugal ndi Germany.

Maonekedwe

Pamene chidacho chinkafalikira, maonekedwe ndi njira zoimbira zidasintha, koma zodziwika bwino zidatsalira. Wood amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga lute. Bolodi la mawu ndi lozungulira, lopangidwa ndi matabwa opyapyala, nthawi zambiri spruce, limakhala ndi rosette yokongola imodzi kapena katatu m'malo mokhala phokoso. Thupi limapangidwa ndi matabwa olimba: chitumbuwa, mapulo, rosewood. Popanga khosi la lute, mtengo wopepuka umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa choimbira ndi zida zina za zingwe n’chakuti khosi sililendewera pa bolodi la mawu, koma limaikidwa pamlingo wofanana nalo.

Kukwera kutchuka kwa lute

M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, chidacho chinali ndi zingwe 4 kapena 5 zophatikizika. Anaseweredwa ndi plectrum. Kukula kwake kunali kosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Oimba ankaimba nyimbo zoimbira nyimbo zoimbidwa bwino kwambiri. Nthawi yasiya chizindikiro pa chiwerengero cha zingwe. Kumapeto kwa Renaissance, panali zingwe khumi zophatikizika, ndipo oimba a baroque anali kusewera kale pa khumi ndi anayi. Panali zida zokhala ndi zingwe khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi.

Zaka za zana la XNUMX zidakhala zagolide pa lute. Chakhala chimodzi mwa zida zoimbira zofala kwambiri ku Europe. M’zojambula zambiri za m’nthaŵiyo, ojambula ankajambula anthu akuimba maseŵero. Njira yosewera nayo yasintha. Monga lamulo, mkhalapakati ndi zala zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kusewera.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, atasiyidwa nyimbo, kuchuluka kwa osewera a lute kudakwera. Zoposa 400 zidalembedwa ku Europe pa chida choimbirachi. Chopereka chofunikira kwambiri chinapangidwa ndi Francesco Spinacino. Kuchulukirachulukira kofotokozera, chifukwa cha ntchito za John Dowland.

Panthaŵi zosiyanasiyana, olemba nyimbo monga Antonio Vivaldi, Johann Sebastian Bach, Vincento Capirola, Karl Kohout ndi ena ambiri analemba nyimbo zawo za lute. Olemba amakono - Vladimir Vavilov, Toekiko Sato, Maxim Zvonarev, David Nepomuk, amadziwikanso ndi ntchito zawo.

Malo a lute m'zaka za zana la XNUMX

M'zaka za zana la 1970, lute anali atatsala pang'ono kuyiwalika. Ndi mitundu yake yochepa chabe yomwe yatsala ku Germany, Ukraine ndi mayiko a Scandinavia Peninsula. M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, oimba angapo ochokera ku England adaganiza zobwezeretsa kutchuka kwa lute komwe kudatayika. Wolemba nyimbo wa ku Britain komanso woimba nyimbo Arnold Dolmech anali wopambana kwambiri pa izi. Kale kuyambira XNUMX, oimba payekha ndi magulu oimba anayamba kuphatikizapo kuimba lute mu pulogalamu yawo konsati. Lucas Harris, Istvan Shabo, Wendy Gillepsy adagwiritsa ntchito ntchito zochokera ku Middle Ages ndi Baroque.