Kodi violin imagwira ntchito bwanji? Ili ndi zingwe zingati? Ndipo mfundo zina zosangalatsa za violin ...

Inde, aliyense amadziwa violin. Zoyengedwa kwambiri komanso zotsogola pakati pa zida za zingwe, violin ndi njira yotumizira malingaliro a woimba waluso kwa omvera. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina amakhala wachisoni, wosadziletsa komanso wamwano, amakhalabe wodekha komanso wosatetezeka, wokongola komanso wopatsa chidwi.

Takukonzerani mfundo zosangalatsa zokhudza chida chamatsenga chimenechi. Mudzaphunzira momwe violin imagwirira ntchito, zingwe zingati zomwe ili nazo, ndi ntchito zotani zolembedwa ndi oimba a violin.

Kodi violin imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Mapangidwe ake ndi ophweka: thupi, khosi ndi zingwe. Zida zopangira zida zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi cholinga komanso kufunika kwake. Mwachitsanzo, munthu sayenera kunyalanyaza uta, chifukwa chomwe phokoso limachokera ku zingwe, kapena chinrest ndi mlatho, zomwe zimalola woimbayo kuika chidacho bwino paphewa lakumanzere.

Palinso zowonjezera monga makina, omwe amalola woyimba violini kuti akonze zosintha zomwe zasintha pazifukwa zilizonse popanda kutaya nthawi, mosiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe - zikhomo, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kugwira ntchito.

Pali zingwe zinayi zokha zokha, zomwe nthawi zonse zimapangidwira zolemba zomwezo - E, A, D ndi G. Kodi zingwe za violin zimapangidwa ndi chiyani? Kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana - zikhoza kukhala mitsempha, silika kapena zitsulo.

Chingwe choyamba chakumanja chimasinthidwa kukhala E wa octave yachiwiri ndipo ndichoonda kwambiri pa zingwe zonse zomwe zaperekedwa. Chingwe chachiwiri, pamodzi ndi chachitatu, "pangani" zolemba "A" ndi "D", motsatira. Amakhala ndi makulidwe apakati, pafupifupi ofanana. Zolemba zonsezi zili mu octave yoyamba. Chingwe chomaliza, chokhuthala kwambiri komanso chaching'ono kwambiri ndi chingwe chachinayi, cholumikizidwa ku cholemba "G" cha octave yaying'ono.

Chingwe chilichonse chimakhala ndi timbre yake - kuchokera pakuboola ("E") mpaka wandiweyani ("Sol"). Zimenezi n’zimene zimathandiza woyimba zeyo kufotokoza zakukhosi mwaluso kwambiri. Phokoso limadaliranso uta - bango lokha ndi tsitsi lotambasulidwa pamwamba pake.

Ndi mitundu yanji ya violin yomwe ilipo?

Yankho la funsoli likhoza kukhala losokoneza komanso losiyana, koma tidzayankha mophweka: pali ma violin odziwika bwino a matabwa kwa ife - otchedwa acoustic, ndipo palinso ma violin amagetsi. Omalizawa amagwira ntchito pamagetsi, ndipo phokoso lawo limamveka chifukwa cha otchedwa "wolankhula" ndi amplifier - combo. N’zosakayikitsa kuti zida zimenezi zinapangidwa mosiyana, ngakhale kuti zingaoneke zofanana. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito violin yamayimbidwe ndi zamagetsi sizosiyana kwambiri, koma muyenera kuzolowera chida chamagetsi cha analogi mwanjira yake.

Ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zalembedwa za violin?

Ntchitozo ndi mutu wosiyana woganizira, chifukwa violin imadziwonetsa bwino ngati woyimba payekha komanso akusewera pamodzi. Choncho, nyimbo zoimbaimba, sonatas, partitas, caprices ndi masewero amitundu ina amalembedwa kwa violin, komanso mbali zamitundu yonse ya duets, quartets ndi ensembles ena.

Violin amatha kutenga nawo mbali pafupifupi nyimbo zamitundu yonse. Nthawi zambiri pakali pano akuphatikizidwa mu classics, folklore ndi rock. Mutha kumvanso violin muzojambula za ana ndikusintha kwawo ku Japan - anime. Zonsezi zimangowonjezera kutchuka kwa chidacho ndipo zimangotsimikizira kuti violin sidzatha.

Opanga violin otchuka

Komanso, musaiwale za opanga violin. Mwinamwake wotchuka kwambiri ndi Antonio Stradivari. Zida zake zonse ndi zodula kwambiri, zinali zamtengo wapatali m'mbuyomu. Ma violin a Stradivarius ndi otchuka kwambiri. Pa nthawi ya moyo wake, adapanga ma violin oposa 1000, koma pakadali pano zida zapakati pa 150 ndi 600 zapulumuka - zambiri zomwe zili m'mabuku osiyanasiyana nthawi zina zimakhala zodabwitsa chifukwa cha kusiyana kwake.

Mabanja ena ogwirizana ndi kupanga violin ndi banja la Amati. Mibadwo yosiyana ya banja lalikulu la ku Italyli lidawongolera zida zoimbira zoweramira, kuphatikiza kuwongolera kamvekedwe ka violin, kutulutsa mawu amphamvu komanso omveka bwino.

Oyimba violin otchuka: ndi ndani?

Violin nthawi ina inali chida chamtundu wa anthu, koma patapita nthawi njira yoimbira idakhala yovuta ndipo amisiri aluso aluso adayamba kutuluka pakati pa anthu, omwe adakondweretsa anthu ndi luso lawo. Italy yakhala yotchuka chifukwa cha oimba nyimbo kuyambira nthawi ya Renaissance. Ndikokwanira kutchula mayina ochepa chabe - Vivaldi, Corelli, Tartini. Niccolo Paganini nayenso adachokera ku Italy, yemwe dzina lake liri ndi nthano ndi zinsinsi.

Pakati pa oimba violin omwe adachokera ku Russia ndi mayina akuluakulu monga J. Heifetz, D. Oistrakh, L. Kogan. Omvera amakono amadziwanso mayina a nyenyezi zamakono m'ntchitoyi - izi ndi, mwachitsanzo, V. Spivakov ndi Vanessa-Mae.

Amakhulupirira kuti kuti muyambe kuphunzira kuimba chida ichi, muyenera kukhala ndi khutu labwino la nyimbo, mitsempha yamphamvu ndi kuleza mtima, zomwe zidzakuthandizani kugonjetsa zaka zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za maphunziro. Zoonadi, chinthu choterocho sichingachite popanda kusokoneza ndi kulephera, komabe, monga lamulo, ngakhale izi ndizopindulitsa. Nthawi yophunzira idzakhala yovuta, koma zotsatira zake ndizoyenera kupweteka.

Zinthu zoperekedwa ku violin sizingasiyidwe popanda nyimbo. Mverani nyimbo zodziwika bwino za Saint-Saëns. Mwina munamvapo kale, koma mukudziwa kuti ndi ntchito yanji?

C. Saint-Saens Introduction ndi Rondo Capriccioso