Opera "Don Giovanni" ndi luso losatha

Mabwana akulu amakhulupirira kuti nyimbo ndi kutsanzira kuyimba kwa anthu. Ngati ndi choncho, ukadaulo uliwonse umakhala wopepuka poyerekeza ndi nyimbo wamba. Koma pamene mawu amawonekera, ichi ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri. Apa wanzeru wa Mozart sadziwa wofanana naye.

Wolfgang Mozart adalemba nyimbo zake zodziwika bwino panthawi yomwe luso la woimbayo lodzaza nyimbo ndi malingaliro ake linali pachimake, ndipo ku Don Giovanni lusoli linafika pachimake.

Zolemba zolemba

Sizikudziwikiratu bwino lomwe kuti nkhani ya kugunda kwa mtima wakupha idachokera ku chikhalidwe cha ku Europe. Kwa zaka mazana angapo chifaniziro cha Don Juan amayendayenda kuchokera ntchito imodzi kupita ina. Kutchuka koteroko kumasonyeza kuti nkhani ya wonyengererayo imakhudza zochitika za anthu zomwe sizidalira nthawiyo.

Kwa opera, Da Ponte adakonzanso mtundu womwe udasindikizidwa kale wa Don Giovanni (wolemba wolembedwa ndi Bertati). Zilembo zina zinachotsedwa, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zotsalazo zikhale zomveka. Udindo wa Donna Anna, womwe Bertati adawonekera poyambirira, wakulitsidwa. Ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti Mozart ndi amene adapanga gawoli kukhala limodzi mwazinthu zazikulu.

Chithunzi cha Don Juan

Chiwembu chomwe Mozart adalemba nyimbo ndi chachikhalidwe; zinali zodziwika bwino kwa anthu a nthawi imeneyo. Pano Don Juan ndi wonyansa, wolakwa osati kungonyenga akazi osalakwa, komanso kupha, ndi chinyengo zambiri, zomwe amakopa akazi ku maukonde ake.

Kumbali inayi, muzochitika zonse, wosewera wamkulu sakhala ndi aliyense wa omwe akufuna kuzunzidwa. Mwa anthuwa pali mkazi yemwe adanyengedwa ndikusiyidwa ndi iye (m’mbuyomu). Amatsatira mosalekeza Don Giovanni, kupulumutsa Zerlina, kenako ndikumuyitana yemwe kale anali wokonda kulapa.

Ludzu la moyo ku Don Juan ndi lalikulu, mzimu wake suchita manyazi ndi chilichonse, kusesa chilichonse chomwe chili panjira yake. Makhalidwe a munthuyu amawululidwa m'njira yosangalatsa - polumikizana ndi anthu ena mu opera. Zingawonekere kwa wowonera kuti izi zimachitika mwangozi, koma ichi ndi cholinga cha olemba.

Kutanthauzira kwachipembedzo kwa chiwembucho

Mfundo yaikulu ndi yokhudza kubwezera chilango chifukwa cha uchimo. Chikatolika makamaka chimatsutsa machimo athupi; thupi limatengedwa gwero la zoipa.

Chisonkhezero chimene chipembedzo chinali nacho pa anthu zaka zana limodzi zapitazo sichiyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Kodi tinganene chiyani za nthawi imene Mozart ankakhala? Vuto lotseguka pazikhalidwe zachikhalidwe, kumasuka komwe Don Juan amasuntha kuchokera kuzinthu zina kupita ku zina, chipongwe chake ndi kudzikuza kwake - zonsezi zimawonedwa ngati tchimo.

Pokhapokha m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazi pamene khalidwe lotereli layamba kuperekedwa kwa achinyamata monga chitsanzo, ngakhale mtundu wa ngwazi. Koma m’chipembedzo chachikristu, chinthu choterocho sichimatsutsidwa kokha, koma chiyenera kuzunzika kwamuyaya. Sikuti ndi khalidwe “loipa” lokha, koma kusafuna kulisiya. Izi ndi zomwe Don Juan akuwonetsa muzochitika zomaliza.

Zithunzi zachikazi

Donna Anna ndi chitsanzo cha mkazi wamphamvu yemwe anathamangitsidwa kubwezera imfa ya abambo ake. Kumenyera ulemu wake, amakhala wankhondo weniweni. Koma akuwoneka kuti akuyiwala kuti woipayo anayesa kumugwira mokakamiza. Donna Anna amakumbukira imfa ya kholo lake lokha. Kunena zowona, pa nthawiyo kupha koteroko sikunali koyenera kuweruzidwa, chifukwa akuluakulu awiri adamenyana poyera.

Olemba ena ali ndi Baibulo lomwe Don Juan anali nalodi Donna Anna, koma ofufuza ambiri samachirikiza.

Zerlina ndi mkwatibwi wakumudzi, wosavuta koma wokonda chilengedwe. Uyu ndiye munthu yemwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi munthu wamkulu. Potengeka ndi mawu okoma, amangotsala pang'ono kudzipereka kwa wonyengererayo. Kenako amaiwalanso mosavuta chilichonse, akudzipezanso pafupi ndi bwenzi lake, mofatsa akuyembekezera chilango kuchokera m'manja mwake.

Elvira ndi chilakolako chosiyidwa cha Don Juan, chomwe amalankhulana naye asanakumane ndi Stone Guest. Kuyesera kwa Elvira kupulumutsa wokondedwa wake kumakhalabebe phindu. Zigawo za khalidweli ndi zodzaza ndi zomverera zamphamvu zomwe zimafuna luso lapadera lochita.

Chotsatira

Maonekedwe a Mtsogoleri, yemwe akuwoneka kuti akugwedeza mizere yake ataima osasunthika pakati pa siteji, akuwoneka owopsya kwambiri kwa omwe atenga nawo mbali pazochitikazo. Wantchitoyo akuvutika maganizo kwambiri moti anayesa kubisala pansi pa tebulo. Koma mwiniwakeyo akuvomereza molimba mtima vutolo. Ngakhale kuti posakhalitsa amazindikira kuti akukumana ndi mphamvu yosatsutsika, sabwerera m'mbuyo.

Ndizosangalatsa momwe otsogolera osiyanasiyana amafikira kuwonetsedwera kwa opera yonse komanso kumapeto kwenikweni. Ena amagwiritsa ntchito siteji mpaka pamlingo waukulu, kukulitsa mphamvu ya nyimbo. Koma otsogolera ena amasiya otchulidwawo popanda zovala zapamwamba kwambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito malo ochepa kwambiri, kupereka malo oyamba kwa ojambula ndi oimba.

Munthu wamkulu atagwa kudziko lapansi, omutsatira amawonekera ndikuzindikira kuti kubwezera kwachitika.

General makhalidwe a opera

Wolembayo watenga gawo lalikulu mu ntchitoyi kupita ku gawo lina. Mozart ali kutali ndi chikhalidwe kapena buffoonery. Ngakhale kuti munthu wamkulu amachita zinthu zosaoneka bwino, n’zosatheka kukhalabe opanda chidwi kwa iye.

Ma ensembles ndi amphamvu kwambiri ndipo amatha kumveka nthawi zambiri. Ngakhale kuti opera ya maola atatu imafuna khama lalikulu kuchokera kwa omvera amakono osakonzekera, izi zimagwirizanitsidwa, osati ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a opera, koma ndi mphamvu ya zilakolako zomwe nyimbo "zimayimbidwa".

Onerani opera ya Mozart - Don Giovanni