Kodi kusankha maikolofoni? Mitundu ya maikolofoni

Maikolofoni. Mitundu ya ma transducers.

Gawo lofunikira la maikolofoni iliyonse ndikujambula. Kwenikweni, pali mitundu iwiri yoyambira ya ma transducers: osinthika komanso opatsa mphamvu.

Maikolofoni amphamvu kukhala ndi dongosolo losavuta ndipo safuna magetsi akunja. Ingowalumikizani ndi chingwe chachikazi cha XLR - XLR chachimuna kapena XLR chachikazi - Jack 6, 3 mm ku chipangizo chojambulira chizindikiro monga chosakaniza, powermixer kapena mawonekedwe omvera. Ndi zolimba kwambiri. Amapirira kuthamanga kwa mawu okwera bwino kwambiri. Iwo ndi abwino kukulitsa magwero amawu okweza. Makhalidwe awo amawu amatha kutchedwa kutentha.

Ma maikolofoni a Condenser kukhala ndi dongosolo lovuta kwambiri. Amafuna gwero lamagetsi lomwe nthawi zambiri limaperekedwa ndi njira yamagetsi ya phantom (voltage yofala kwambiri ndi 48V). Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, mufunika chingwe chachimuna cha XLR - XLR chachimuna cholumikizidwa mu socket yomwe ili ndi njira ya mphamvu ya Phantom. Chifukwa chake muyenera kukhala ndi chosakanizira, powermixer kapena mawonekedwe omvera omwe akuphatikiza Phantom. Masiku ano, ukadaulo uwu ndiwofala, ngakhale mutha kukumanabe ndi zosakaniza, zosakaniza zamphamvu ndi zolumikizira zomvera popanda izo. Ma maikolofoni a Condenser amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mawu, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala otchuka kwambiri m'ma studio. Mtundu wawo ndi wabwino komanso woyera. Amakhalanso ndi mayankho abwino pafupipafupi. Komabe, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwakuti oimba nthawi zambiri amafunikira makina opangira maikolofoni kuti mawu ngati “p” kapena “sh” asamveke bwino.

Chochititsa chidwi ndi maikolofoni omangidwa pamaziko a riboni transducer (mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya transducer). Mu Polish amatchedwa riboni. Phokoso lawo limatha kufotokozedwa ngati losalala. Akulimbikitsidwa amene akufuna recreate sonic makhalidwe akale zojambulira pafupifupi onse zida kuyambira nthawi, komanso mawu.

Microfony cardoidalne amalunjikitsidwa mbali imodzi. Amanyamula phokoso patsogolo panu pamene akulekanitsa phokoso lakuzungulirani. Zothandiza kwambiri m'malo aphokoso chifukwa ali ndi chiwopsezo chochepa cha mayankho.

Maikolofoni a Supercardoid Amawongoleredwa mbali imodzi ndikupatula mawu ozungulira bwinoko, ngakhale amatha kumva mawu kuchokera kuseri komwe amakhala pafupi, kotero pamakonsati samalani ndi malo oyenera a okamba nkhani. Amatsutsa kwambiri mayankho.

Ma microphone a Cardoid ndi supercardoid amatchedwa maikolofoni a unidirectional.

Maikolofoni amtundu uliwonsemonga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, amamva mawu kuchokera mbali zonse. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kawo, amatha kuyankha mwachangu. Ndi maikolofoni imodzi yotere mutha kukulitsa gulu la oimba ambiri, oimba kapena oyimba zida nthawi imodzi.

Ziripobe maikolofoni awiri. Zofala kwambiri ndi maikolofoni okhala ndi ma transducers a riboni. Amanyamula phokosolo mofanana ndi kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, kusiyanitsa phokoso la m'mbali. Chifukwa cha ichi, ndi maikolofoni imodzi yotere, mutha kukulitsa magwero awiri nthawi imodzi, ngakhale angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kukulitsa gwero limodzi popanda vuto.

Kukula kwa diaphragm

M'mbuyomu, ma membrane amagawidwa kukhala akulu ndi ang'onoang'ono, ngakhale masiku ano apakati amathanso kusiyanitsa. Ma diaphragm ang'onoang'ono amatha kuukira bwino komanso amatha kuvutitsidwa kwambiri ndi ma frequency apamwamba, pomwe ma diaphragm akuluakulu amapangitsa maikolofoni kumveka bwino komanso mozungulira. Ma diaphragm apakatikati ali ndi mawonekedwe apakatikati.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu payokha

Tsopano tiyeni tione chiphunzitso pamwamba mu kuchita ndi zitsanzo za magwero osiyanasiyana phokoso.

Oimba amagwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni amphamvu komanso a condenser. Zosinthazi zimakondedwa pa siteji yokweza, ndi capacitive pazikhalidwe zakutali. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti maikolofoni a condenser alibe ntchito muzochitika "zamoyo". Ngakhale pa gigs, eni mawu owoneka bwino amayenera kuganizira za ma condenser maikolofoni. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kuyimba mokweza kwambiri mu maikolofoni, kumbukirani kuti ma maikolofoni amphamvu amatha kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa mawu apamwamba, zomwe zimagwiranso ntchito ku studio. Kuwongolera maikolofoni pamawu makamaka kumadalira kuchuluka kwa oimba kapena oimba omwe amagwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni imodzi panthawi. Kwa mawu onse, maikolofoni okhala ndi ma diaphragms akuluakulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Magitala amagetsi tumizani chizindikiro kwa amplifiers. Ngakhale ma transistor amplifiers safunikira ma voliyumu apamwamba kuti amveke bwino, zokulitsa machubu ziyenera "kuyatsidwa". Pazifukwa izi, ma mics osinthika amalimbikitsidwa makamaka pamagitala amagetsi, pa studio komanso pabwalo. Ma maikolofoni a Condenser atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda vuto pamagetsi otsika, otsika kwambiri olimba kapena machubu amplifiers, makamaka mukafuna kutulutsa mawu koyeretsa. Maikolofoni a unidirectional ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kukula kwa diaphragm kumadalira zokonda zamunthu.

Magitala a basi amatumizanso chizindikiro kwa amplifiers. Ngati tikufuna kuwakulitsa ndi maikolofoni, timagwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni okhala ndi ma frequency omwe amatha kumva mawu otsika kwambiri. Kuwongolera mbali imodzi kumakondedwa. Kusankha pakati pa condenser ndi maikolofoni yosunthika kumadalira momwe magwero amawu amamvekera, mwachitsanzo, bass amplifier. Nthawi zambiri amakhala amphamvu mu studio komanso pa siteji. Komanso, diaphragm yayikulu imakondedwa.

Zida za Drum amafunikira maikolofoni ochepa kuti agwiritse ntchito mawu awo. Mwachidule, mapazi amafunikira ma maikolofoni omwe ali ndi zinthu zofanana ndi magitala a bass, ndi ng'oma za msampha ndi toms ngati magitala amagetsi, kotero kuti maikolofoni amphamvu amapezeka kwambiri kumeneko. Zinthu zimasintha ndi kulira kwa zinganga. Ma maikolofoni a Condenser amabalanso phokoso la zigawo izi za ng'oma momveka bwino, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pa hihats ndi pamwamba. Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwa zida za ng'oma, momwe ma maikolofoni amatha kuyandikana, ma maikolofoni amtundu uliwonse ndi abwino ngati chida chilichonse choyimbira chikulitsidwa padera. Maikolofoni a Omni-directional amatha kunyamula zida zingapo nthawi imodzi ndikuchita bwino kwambiri, pomwe akuwonetsa momveka bwino mamvekedwe achipinda chomwe ng'oma zimayikidwa. Maikolofoni ang'onoang'ono a diaphragm ndi othandiza makamaka pa ma hihats ndi mitu, komanso mapazi akulu akugwedeza ma diaphragm. Pankhani ya msampha ndi toms ndi nkhani yokhazikika, kutengera phokoso lomwe mukufuna kukwaniritsa.

Magitala omvera nthawi zambiri amakulitsidwa ndi maikolofoni a condenser unidirectional, chifukwa chiyero cha kutulutsa mawu pankhaniyi ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kuthamanga kwa mawu ndikotsika kwambiri kuti ma gitala omvera akhale vuto kwa maikolofoni a condenser. Kusankhidwa kwa kukula kwa diaphragm kumatengera zomwe mumakonda za sonic.

Zida zoimbira mphepo amakulitsidwa ndi ma maikolofoni amphamvu kapena a condenser, onse osayang'ana. Nthawi zambiri ndi chisankho chozikidwa pamalingaliro omvera okhudzana ndi mawu ofunda kapena oyeretsa. Komabe, pankhani ya, mwachitsanzo, malipenga opanda phokoso, mavuto angabwere ndi maikolofoni a condenser chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwambiri kwa mawu. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ma microphone a omni-directional remote condenser amatha kutenga zida zingapo zamphepo nthawi imodzi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'magulu amkuwa, koma nthawi zambiri m'magulu omwe ali ndi gawo la mkuwa. Phokoso lathunthu la zida zamphepo limaperekedwa ndi maikolofoni okhala ndi diaphragm yayikulu, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa iwo. Ngati phokoso lowala likufuna, maikolofoni ang'onoang'ono a diaphragm angagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zonse.

Zida zoimbira zingwe nthawi zambiri imakulitsidwa ndi ma maikolofoni a condenser, chifukwa mtundu wofunda womwe umagwirizanitsidwa ndi maikolofoni osunthika ndiwosavomerezeka kwa iwo. Chida chimodzi chazingwe chimakulitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni ya unidirectional. Zingwe zingapo zitha kukulitsidwa popereka maikolofoni imodzi ku chida chilichonse, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni imodzi ya omni-directional. Ngati mukufuna kuukira mwachangu, mwachitsanzo posewera pizzicato, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiyike maikolofoni ang'onoang'ono a diaphragm, omwe amaperekanso mawu owala. Kuti mawu amveke bwino, maikolofoni okhala ndi diaphragm yayikulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

limba Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, nthawi zambiri imakulitsidwa ndi ma maikolofoni a 2 condenser. Kutengera ndi zotsatira zomwe tikufuna kukwaniritsa, maikolofoni a unidirectional kapena omni-directional amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, zingwe zocheperako zimakulitsidwa ndi maikolofoni yokhala ndi diaphragm yaying'ono, komanso yokulirapo yokhala ndi diaphragm yayikulu, ngakhale ma maikolofoni a 2 okhala ndi diaphragm yayikulu angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati zolemba zapamwamba zikuyenera kudzaza.

Kukambitsirana

Kusankha maikolofoni yoyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri ngati mukufuna kukulitsa bwino mawu kapena zida panthawi ya konsati kapena kuzijambula kunyumba kapena ku studio. Maikolofoni yosankhidwa molakwika imatha kuwononga mawuwo, motero ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mufanane ndi gwero lomveka bwino kuti mumve bwino.

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