Momwe mungasankhire ma amplifiers amagetsi agitala ndi okamba?

Magitala onse amagetsi amatumiza chizindikiro ku ma amplifiers. Phokoso lomaliza limadalira iwo. Muyenera kukumbukira kuti ngakhale gitala yabwino kwambiri yolumikizidwa ndi amplifier yofooka siyimveka bwino. Chisamaliro chochuluka chiyenera kuperekedwa pakusankhidwa kwa "ng'anjo" yoyenera posankha chida.

Nyali, hybrid ndi transistor

Machubu amplifiers adagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya gitala lamagetsi. Masiku ano, machubu omwe amafunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito machubu amplifiers sapangidwa mochulukira. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo iwo anali ofunikira m'mafakitale ambiri, koma tsopano iwo ali ofunikira kwambiri mwalamulo kokha mu makampani oimba nyimbo ndi ntchito zina zankhondo, zomwe zachititsa kuti mitengo yawo ichuluke. Kumbali inayi, kutukuka kwa zida zamagetsi zotsogola kudapangitsa kuti mitengo ya transistors ikhale yotsika komanso kuchuluka kwamtundu wawo. Opanga ambiri apanga kale njira zotsanzira phokoso la machubu ndi ma transistors kuti akhale abwino. Komabe, ma amplifiers omwe nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ndi akatswiri ndi omwe amatengera machubu. Njira inanso inali kupanga ma hybrid amplifiers. Awa ndi mapangidwe okhala ndi chubu preamplifier ndi transistor mphamvu amplifier, kutsimikizira sonic makhalidwe ofanana chubu amplifiers, koma pogwiritsa ntchito ma transistors mu mphamvu amplifier, amene ndi otsika mtengo kuposa mabwalo chubu. Izi zimabweretsa mtengo wotsika kuposa amplifiers chubu, komanso phokoso si "chubu" monga mu chubu weniweni "ng'anjo".

Chiphunzitso pakuchita

Palibe chifukwa chobisala kuti machubu amplifiers amaperekabe mawu abwinoko. Komabe, ali ndi zovuta zingapo zogwirira ntchito zomwe sizigwira ntchito kwa ma transistor amplifiers. Choyamba, ngati anansi athu kapena omwe tikukhala nawo sakhala okonda kusewera mokweza, sikoyenera kugula zida zazikulu zachubu. Machubu ayenera "kutsegulidwa" pamlingo wina kuti amveke bwino. Kufewa = kumveka koyipa, mokweza = kumveka bwino. Ma transistor amplifiers amamveka bwino pa voliyumu yotsika ngati yamphamvu kwambiri. Izi zitha kupewedwa pogula chokulitsa champhamvu chochepa (mwachitsanzo 5W) chubu amplifier. Tsoka ilo, izi zikugwirizananso ndi miyeso yaying'ono ya zokuzira mawu. Choyipa cha yankho ili ndikuti amplifier wotere amatha kusewera mwakachetechete komanso kukhala ndi mawu abwino, koma akhoza kusowa mphamvu pamakonsati amphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, phokoso labwino kwambiri limapezeka ndi okamba 12 ". Mpweya wowonjezera wamphamvu kwambiri (monga 100 W) wokhala ndi 12 "chokula mawu chingamveke bwino kuposa chokulitsa chubu chaching'ono (monga 5 W) chokhala ndi zokuzira mawu pang'ono (mwachitsanzo 6") ngakhale pang'ono. Sizodziwikiratu, chifukwa mutha kukulitsa chokulitsa ndi maikolofoni. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti pali chifukwa chomwe zokuzira mawu zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi olimba-state ndi chubu amplifiers pafupifupi nthawi zonse amakhala 12 "zolankhula (nthawi zambiri 1 x 12", 2 x 12 "kapena 4 x 12").

Nkhani yachiwiri yofunika ndikuyika nyali yokha. Palibe machubu mu transistor amplifier, motero safunikira kusinthidwa, pomwe mu chubu chokulitsa machubu amatha. Ndizochitika zachilengedwe kwathunthu. Ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo izi ziyenera kukwera mtengo. Komabe, pali chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimatembenuza masikelo kukhala machubu amplifiers. Kukulitsa kupotoza kwa chubu ndi kyubu yakunja. Mndandanda wa akatswiri oimba gitala omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito ndi wautali kuposa omwe sagwiritsa ntchito. Kupotoza mu "chubu" kumakondera ngakhale ma harmonics, ndipo omwe amasankhidwa - ma harmonics osamvetseka. Izi zimabweretsa kumveka kokongola, kophatikizana kosokoneza. Mutha, zachidziwikire, kusewera masewera olimbikitsa amplifier ya boma, koma mwatsoka imakonda ma harmonics osamvetseka komanso kupitilira mukyubu, kotero sizimveka chimodzimodzi.

Combo ndi stack

Combo imaphatikiza amplifier ndi zokuzira mawu m'nyumba imodzi. Stack ndi dzina la chokulitsa chogwirizira (panthawiyi chotchedwa mutu) ndi zokuzira mawu m'nyumba zosiyana. Ubwino wa yankho la combo ndikuti ndilosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, komabe, zotsatira zabwino za sonic zimatheka chifukwa cha yankho la stack. Choyamba, mutha kusankha zokuzira mawu mosavuta kapena zokuzira mawu zingapo momwe mungafunire (mu combos ndizotheka kusintha choyankhulira chokhazikika, koma ndizovuta kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala mwayi wowonjezera zokuzira mawu kuti musinthe. combo). Mu ma combos a chubu, nyali m'nyumba zomwezo monga zokuzira mawu zimawululidwa ndi kutsika kwamphamvu kwamawu, zomwe sizopindulitsa kwa iwo, koma sizimayambitsa zovuta zilizonse. Machubu omwe ali m'mutu wa chubu sawonetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya mawu yochokera ku zokuzira mawu. Ma transistors okhala ndi bokosi limodzi okhala ndi zokuzira mawu amathanso kutengera kuthamanga kwa mawu, koma osati kwambiri ngati machubu.

Kodi kusankha ndime?

Zokweza mawu zotsegulidwa kumbuyo zidzamveka mokweza komanso zomasuka, pamene zotsekedwa zidzamveka zolimba komanso zolunjika. Chokulirapo chokulirapo, chimatha kugwira bwino ma frequency otsika, komanso ang'onoang'ono apamwamba. Muyezo ndi 12 ", koma mutha kuyesanso 10", ndiye kuti phokoso lidzakhala locheperako, losiyana kwambiri ndi maulendo apamwamba komanso kuponderezedwa pang'ono. Muyeneranso kufufuza mutu impedance. Ngati tisankha cholankhulira chimodzi, kutsekeka kwa chokweza mawu ndi mutu ziyenera kukhala zofanana (zosiyana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma nthawi zambiri ndi njira yotetezeka komanso yotetezeka).

Nkhani yovuta kwambiri ndikulumikiza oyankhula awiri kapena kuposerapo (pano ndikuwonetsanso njira yotetezeka, zomwe sizikutanthauza kuti ndiyo njira yokhayo). Tiyerekeze kuti amplifier ndi 8 ohms. Kulumikiza magawo awiri a 8 ohm ndikofanana ndi kulumikiza ndime imodzi ya 4 ohm. Choncho, mizati iwiri ya 8 - ohm yomwe ikugwirizana ndi imodzi 16 - ohm amplifier iyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi 8 ohm amplifier. Njirayi imagwira ntchito pamene kugwirizana kuli kofanana, ndipo kugwirizana kofanana kumachitika nthawi zambiri. Komabe, ngati kugwirizana kuli mndandanda, mwachitsanzo ku 8-ohm amplifier, chofanana ndi kulumikiza ndime imodzi ya 8-ohm idzakhala ikugwirizanitsa mizati iwiri ya 4-ohm. Ponena za mphamvu ya zokuzira mawu ndi amplifier, angagwiritsidwe ntchito mofanana. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito zokuzira mawu ndi ma watts ambiri kuposa amplifier, koma kumbukirani kuti nthawi zambiri timayesa kusokoneza amplifier kuti tigwiritse ntchito momwe tingathere. Ili si lingaliro labwino chifukwa cha chiopsezo chowononga, ingosamalani nazo.

Zoonadi, tikhoza kuphatikizanso amplifier yamphamvu yapamwamba ndi wokamba mawu ochepa. Munthawi imeneyi, simungathe kupitilira ndikuchotsa "mbaula", koma nthawi ino chifukwa chodera nkhawa okamba. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti, mwachitsanzo, amplifier yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 50 W ingathe, kulankhula momveka bwino, "kupanga" 50 W. "Idzapereka" 50 W ku chowuzira chokweza chimodzi, mwachitsanzo 100-watt, ndi awiri 100. -watt zokuzira mawu, osati 50 W kwa aliyense wa iwo.

Kumbukirani! Ngati simukudziwa za magetsi, funsani katswiri.

Mawonekedwe

Amplifier iliyonse imakhala ndi ma 1, 2 kapena kupitilira apo. Njira ya 1-channel amplifier imakhala yoyera nthawi zonse, kotero kupotoza kulikonse kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa ma cubes akunja. Njira za 2-channel, monga lamulo, zimapereka njira yoyera ndi njira yowonongeka, yomwe tingagwiritse ntchito payekha kapena kuikulitsa. Palinso amplifiers okhala ndi kanjira koyera komanso kupotoza pang'ono kapena ngakhale ochepa oyera komanso opotoka pang'ono. Lamulo la "kuchuluka, bwino" silikugwira ntchito pano. Ngati amplifier, kupatula njira yoyera, ili ndi njira imodzi yokha yokhotakhota, koma ili yabwino, ndipo ina, kupatula yoyera, ili ndi njira zopotoka za 1, koma zoipitsitsa, ndi bwino sankhani amplifier yoyamba. Pafupifupi amplifiers onse amaperekanso equalizer. Ndikoyenera kuyang'ana ngati kufananiza ndikofala kumayendedwe onse, kapena ngati mayendedwe ali ndi EQ yosiyana.

Ma amplifiers ambiri alinso ndi mawonekedwe osinthika komanso mawonekedwe a malo, ngakhale kupezeka kwawo sikukhudza momwe mawu oyambira amapangidwira ndi amplifier. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ngati kusintha kulikonse ndi zotsatira za malo zili kale. Ma amps ambiri ali ndi mawu. Ndikoyenera kuyang'ana ngati ndi digito kapena masika. Reverebu yapa digito imatulutsa maverebu amakono, ndipo maverebu a kasupe amatulutsa maverebu achikhalidwe. The FX loop ndi yothandiza polumikiza mitundu yambiri ya zotsatira (monga kuchedwa, chorus). Ngati palibe, amatha kulumikizidwa nthawi zonse pakati pa amp ndi gitala, koma nthawi zina amatha kumveka bwino. Zotsatira monga wah - wah, kupotoza ndi compressor sizimamatira mu loop, nthawi zonse zimayikidwa pakati pa gitala ndi amplifier. Mutha kuwonanso zotuluka (monga chomverera m'makutu, chosakanizira) kapena zolowetsa (monga za CD ndi MP3 player) zomwe amplifier amapereka.

Amplifiers - nthano

Ma gitala odziwika kwambiri m'mbiri ya nyimbo ndi Vox AC30 (kupambana midrange), Marshall JCM800 (hard rock backbone) ndi Fender Twin (phokoso lomveka bwino).

Kukambitsirana

Zomwe timalumikiza gitala ndi zofunika monga gitala palokha. Kukhala ndi amplifier yoyenera n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa kumakulitsa chizindikiro chomwe chimakhala phokoso lochokera ku zokuzira mawu zomwe timakonda kwambiri.

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