Kodi kusewera Dombra?

Kalmyk dombra chichirdyk ndi chida cha anthu chokhala ndi phokoso lowala, lachilendo komanso mbiri yakale. Zida zofanana ndizofala ku Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan ndi mayiko ena aku Asia. Dombra, ndithudi, si wotchuka monga gitala, koma munthu amene wadziwa luso loyimba sangasiyidwe opanda chidwi. Choncho, m'pofunika kumvetsa mmene kuphunzira kusewera "Kalmyk dombra", chimene chikufunika pa izi.

Kukula koyambirira kwa chida kumaphatikizapo masitepe 4.

1. Muyenera kuphunzira kukhala bwino ndi chida. Kumbuyo kuyenera kukhala kowongoka, mapewa omasuka. Phazi lamanja limayikidwa kumanzere, ndipo chidacho chimayikidwa bwino pamwamba. Zolakwa zoyenerera sizingakhudze kokha khalidwe la mawu, komanso thanzi la wophunzira.
2. Kukhazikitsa luso. Chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi chingwe chachinayi, pamene pali kusiyana kwa masitepe anayi (matani 2.5) pakati pa phokoso la zingwe zakumwamba ndi zapansi.
3. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kutulutsa phokoso kumachitidwa ndi msomali wa chala cholozera, pamodzi ndi kuyenda pansi kwa mkono. Zala zapadzanja zimakhalabe zomangika pang'ono, koma osati nkhonya.
4. Kupeza chidziwitso cha nyimbo. Kudziwa zolemba, nthawi, zala ndi zovuta zina zojambulira nyimbo zidzakuthandizani kuphunzira zidutswa zatsopano nokha.

Chidachi chimayimba mutakhala. Kumbuyo malo ndi mosamalitsa madigiri 90. Thupi la dombra limayikidwa pa mwendo. Chidacho chimayikidwa pakona ya madigiri 45. Pankhaniyi, mutu wamutu uyenera kukhala pamapewa kapena apamwamba pang'ono. Ngati mukweza dombra kwambiri, zidzabweretsa zovuta pamasewera. Ndipo malo otsika a khosi la chidacho adzapangitsa kuti msana ukhale pansi.

Posewera dombra, ntchito za manja zimagawidwa momveka bwino. Ntchito ya kumanzere ndi kukanikiza zingwezo pa khosi linalake. Amayikidwa kuti chigongono chili pamlingo wa khosi la chidacho. Chala chachikulu chimayikidwa kumtunda kwa khosi m'chigawo cha chingwe chokhuthala (chapamwamba). Adzakhala ndi udindo wokhometsa chingwechi. Ndipo chala sichiyenera kutuluka.

Zala zotsalira zimayikidwa mzere kuchokera pansi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukakamiza chingwe chopyapyala. Zotsatira zake, khosi la dombra limakhala pakati pa chala chachikulu ndi chala chakutsogolo.

Kuti muchepetse chingwe popanda chinyengo, muyenera kugawanitsa zowawazo m'magawo awiri. Chala chokhala ndi chingwe chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa mu gawo limenelo la fret, lomwe liri pafupi ndi thupi la dombra. Ngati mumangirira chingwecho pamtanda wachitsulo kapena mbali ya fret yomwe ili pafupi ndi mutu, phokosolo lidzakhala lomveka komanso lomveka bwino, zomwe zingakhudze momwe masewerawa akuwonekera.

Dzanja lamanja limamenya zingwe. Kuti muchite izi, burashi imatembenukira ku zingwe ndi madigiri 20-30, ndipo zala zimapindika mu mphete. Pankhaniyi, a chala chaching'ono, chala cha mphete ndi chala chapakati zili pamzere womwewo. Chala cholozera chimayandikira pang'ono, ndipo chala chachikulu chimalowetsedwa mumpata wotulukapo, ndikupanga mawonekedwe amtima.

Zingwe zimakomedwa pa msomali. Kuyenda pansi kumachitika ndi chala cholozera, ndipo kubwerera mmwamba kumagwera chala chachikulu. Kutsina ndi pad chala chanu kumapangitsa kuti phokoso liwonongeke. Komanso, misomali sayenera kukhudza sitimayo. Apo ayi, nyimbozo zidzawonjezedwa ndi mawu osasangalatsa. Poyenda, ndi dzanja lokha lomwe limakhudzidwa. Malo a phewa ndi chigongono satenga nawo mbali pamasewera.

Nazi njira zina zokhazikitsira oyamba kumene.

Chipangizocho chimamangiriridwa kumutu wa dombra. Chiwonetserocho chimazungulira pakona yabwino kuti muwonekere. Pachingwe chapansi, mawu akuti "re" (chilembo chachilatini D) amaikidwa. Ngati chizindikirocho chikuwala chobiriwira pamene chingwecho chikuwomba, zikutanthauza kuti kukonzako ndikolondola. Ngati chingwecho chikumveka sichikugwirizana ndi cholembacho, chiwonetserocho chimasanduka lalanje kapena chofiira. Chingwe chapamwamba chimasinthidwa kukhala "la" (chilembo A).

Pali mapulogalamu angapo osinthira zida za zingwe, kuphatikiza dombra. Mukhoza kutenga mmodzi wa iwo, mwachitsanzo, Aptuner.

Phokoso lake liyenera kupanga octave yokhala ndi chingwe chapamwamba. Ndiye choyamba muyenera kuyimba chingwe "A", ndiyeno mugwiritse ntchito kuyimba "D". Chidacho chimakonzedwa bwino ngati chingwe chapamwamba, chikukanikizidwa pachisanu chachisanu, ndipo pansi pa chingwe chotseguka chimapanga mgwirizano.

Si zachilendo kugwiritsa ntchito chida china kuyimba dombra, kuphatikiza piyano kapena gitala. Izi zimachitika posewera mu ensemble.

Kuphunzira za nyimbo ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha woimba. Mofanana ndi luso la kuŵerenga, chidziŵitso cha nyimbo chimakulolani kuti musamangokhalira nyimbo zinazake zophunziridwa pamanja. Matekinoloje osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera zaka za ophunzira.

Mwana wasukulu yemwe satha kuwerenga ndi kulemba amatha kufotokoza zolemba pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe a geometric. Mitundu imatheketsa kusiyanitsa zolemba zosiyanasiyana mu mawu. Bwalo, nyenyezi, semicircle, makona atatu ndi lalikulu ndi zala. Palinso ndondomeko yochitira njira. Mwachitsanzo, mkhalidwe wodekha wa zingwe umasonyezedwa ndi mtanda. Ndipo chizindikirocho chikuwonetsa kukhumudwa.

Kuyambira pa msinkhu wa sukulu, ndi bwino kuganizira za luso lolemba nyimbo mumtundu wachikhalidwe, womwe umaphatikizapo chidziwitso chonse. Tiyeni titchule zikuluzikulu.

• Dziwani antchito. Poganizira dongosolo la Kalmyk dombra, ndikwanira kudziwa zolemba za treble clef.
• Zindikirani nthawi ndi ma rhythmic. Popanda izi, kudziwa bwino nyimbo sikutheka.
• Mamita ndi kukula kwake. Kumverera kwa kusinthasintha kwa ma beats amphamvu ndi ofooka ndikofunikira pamalingaliro ndi kubereka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo.
• Kukula zala. Kuchita kwa nyimbo za virtuoso mwachindunji kumadalira luso loyika bwino zala pa chidacho, komanso kugwirizanitsa kayendedwe ka manja.
• Mithunzi yamphamvu. Kwa munthu amene samamva kusiyana pakati pa phokoso labata ndi laphokoso, sewerolo lidzakhala lonyozeka komanso losamveka. Zili ngati kuwerenga ndakatulo popanda mawu.
• Kuchita zidule. Kusewera Kalmyk dombra kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo za chida ichi. Amatha kuphunzitsidwa payekha kapena motsogozedwa ndi mphunzitsi wodziwa zambiri.

Kuphunzira kuimba chida sikungaganizidwe popanda kukwanira bwino, komanso kumvetsetsa zoyambira zopangira mawu. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kapangidwe ka chidacho, kuthekera kodziyimira pawokha ndi khutu, ndi foloko yokonza kapena mothandizidwa ndi chipangizo chamagetsi. Oimba ena amatha kuimba nyimbo zingapo pa dombra, atazidziwa bwino pamanja. Koma n’zosatheka kudziŵa nyimbo zochulukirachulukira popanda luso loimba. Njira zophunzirira zimatengera zaka komanso luso la ophunzira. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kupeza njira yabwino kwambiri malinga ndi kuthekera kwanu ndi zomwe mumakonda.

Momwe mungasewere Kalmyk dombra, onani kanema wotsatira.