Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser |

Alexander Goldenweiser

Mphunzitsi wotchuka, woimba waluso, wolemba, mkonzi wa nyimbo, wotsutsa, wolemba, wodziwika bwino - Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser wakhala akuchita bwino mu makhalidwe onsewa kwa zaka zambiri. Nthaŵi zonse wakhala akufunafuna chidziŵitso mosalekeza. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito ku nyimbo zokha, zomwe erudition yake sankadziwa malire, izi zimagwiranso ntchito kumadera ena a luso lazojambula, izi zimagwiranso ntchito ku moyo wokha mu maonekedwe ake osiyanasiyana. Ludzu lachidziwitso, kuchuluka kwa zokonda kunamufikitsa ku Yasnaya Polyana kuti akawone Leo Tolstoy, zidamupangitsa kuti atsatire zolemba zakale ndi zisudzo ndi chidwi chomwecho, kukwera ndi kutsika kwa machesi a korona wa chess wapadziko lonse lapansi. "Alexander Borisovich," analemba S. Feinberg, "nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chidwi ndi chilichonse chatsopano m'moyo, mabuku ndi nyimbo. Komabe, pokhala mlendo ku snobbery, ziribe kanthu zomwe zingafunike, iye amadziwa momwe angapezere, ngakhale kusintha kofulumira kwa mafashoni ndi zokonda, kupirira makhalidwe - zonse zofunika ndi zofunika. Ndipo izi zidanenedwa m'masiku amenewo pomwe Goldenweiser adakwanitsa zaka 85!

Kukhala m'modzi mwa oyambitsa Soviet School of Pianism. Goldenweiser adawonetsa kugwirizana kopindulitsa kwa nthawi, kupereka ku mibadwo yatsopano mapangano a am'nthawi yake ndi aphunzitsi. Kupatula apo, njira yake muzojambula inayamba kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi. Kwa zaka zambiri, adakumana ndi oimba ambiri, olemba, olemba, omwe adakhudza kwambiri chitukuko chake cha kulenga. Komabe, kutengera mawu a Goldenweiser mwiniwake, apa munthu atha kusankha nthawi yofunika kwambiri.

Ubwana… "Zoimba zanga zoyamba," Goldenweiser anakumbukira, "Ndinalandira kuchokera kwa amayi anga. Mayi anga analibe luso loimba; mu ubwana wake anatenga maphunziro a piyano ku Moscow kwa kanthawi kuchokera ku Garras wotchuka. Anayimbanso pang'ono. Iye ankakonda kwambiri nyimbo. Anasewera ndikuimba Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Chopin, Mendelssohn. Kaŵirikaŵiri Atate sanali panyumba madzulo, ndipo pokhala okha, amayi ankaimba nyimbo madzulo onse. Anafe kaŵirikaŵiri tinali kumvetsera kwa iye, ndipo tikapita kokagona, tinazoloŵera kugona ndi kulira kwa nyimbo zake.

Kenako anaphunzira ku Moscow Conservatory, kumene anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1895 monga woimba piyano ndipo mu 1897 monga woimba. AI Siloti ndi PA Pabst ndi aphunzitsi ake a piyano. Ndili wophunzira (1896) anapereka payekha konsati yake yoyamba mu Moscow. Woimba wachinyamatayo adadziwa luso lolemba motsogozedwa ndi MM Ippolitov-Ivanov, AS Arensky, SI Taneyev. Aliyense wa aphunzitsi otchukawa mwa njira ina adalemeretsa chidziwitso cha luso la Goldenweiser, koma maphunziro ake ndi Taneyev ndi kugwirizana naye kwambiri kunali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mnyamatayo.

Msonkhano wina wofunika kwambiri: “Mu January 1896, ngozi yosangalatsa inandifikitsa kunyumba ya Leo Tolstoy. Pang’ono ndi pang’ono ndinakhala munthu wapamtima kwa iye mpaka imfa yake. Chisonkhezero cha kuyandikana kumeneku pa moyo wanga wonse chinali chachikulu. Monga woyimba, LN idandiwululira koyamba ntchito yayikulu yobweretsa zaluso zanyimbo pafupi ndi unyinji wa anthu. (Ponena za kulankhulana kwake ndi wolemba wamkulu, iye adzalemba buku la mavoliyumu awiri "Near Tolstoy" pambuyo pake.) Zowonadi, m'zochita zake zogwira ntchito monga woimba nyimbo, Goldenweiser, ngakhale m'zaka zisanayambe kusintha, adayesetsa kukhala wojambula. woyimba wophunzitsa, kukopa magulu a demokalase a omvera ku nyimbo. Amakonza zoimbaimba kwa omvera ogwira ntchito, akuyankhula kunyumba ya Russian Sobriety Society, ku Yasnaya Polyana amakhala ndi zokambirana zoyambirira za anthu wamba, ndipo amaphunzitsa ku Moscow People's Conservatory.

Mbali iyi ya ntchito ya Goldenweiser idakula kwambiri m'zaka zoyambirira pambuyo pa Okutobala, pomwe kwa zaka zingapo adatsogolera Musical Council, yomwe idakonzedwa ndi AV Lunacharsky: "Dipatimenti. Dipatimenti imeneyi inayamba kukonza nkhani, zoimbaimba, ndi zisudzo kuti zithandize anthu ambiri. Ndinapita kumeneko ndikupereka mautumiki anga. Pang’ono ndi pang’ono bizinesiyo inakula. Pambuyo pake, bungweli linakhala pansi pa ulamuliro wa Moscow Council ndipo linasamutsidwa ku Moscow Department of Public Education (MONO) ndipo linakhalapo mpaka 1917. Tapanga madipatimenti: nyimbo (konsati ndi maphunziro), zisudzo, maphunziro. Ndinayang’anira dipatimenti ya konsati, mmene oimba ambiri otchuka analoŵereramo. Tinapanga magulu oimba. N. Obukhova, V. Barsova, N. Raissky, B. Sibor, M, Blumenthal-Tamarina ndi ena adatenga nawo gawo mu gulu langa ... Magulu athu adatumikira mafakitale, mafakitale, magulu a Red Army, mabungwe a maphunziro, makalabu. Tinapita kumadera akutali kwambiri a Moscow m’nyengo yozizira pa masileji, ndipo m’nyengo yofunda pa mashelefu amvula; nthawi zina zimachitikira m'zipinda zozizira, zopanda kutentha. Komabe, ntchito imeneyi inapatsa onse amene anagwira nawo ntchitoyo chikhutiro chaluso ndi makhalidwe abwino. Omvera (makamaka kumene ntchitoyo inkachitika mwadongosolo) anachita momveka bwino pa ntchito zomwe anachita; Kumapeto kwa konsati, adafunsa mafunso, adalemba zolemba zambiri ... "

Zochita za woyimba piyano zidapitilira kwa zaka zopitilira theka. Akadali wophunzira, anayamba kuphunzitsa pa Moscow Orphan Institute, ndiye anali pulofesa pa Conservatory pa Moscow Philharmonic Society. Komabe, mu 1906, Goldenweiser anagwirizanitsa tsogolo lake kosatha ndi Moscow Conservatory. Kumeneko anaphunzitsa oimba oposa 200. Mayina a ophunzira ake ambiri amadziwika kwambiri - S. Feinberg, G. Ginzburg. R. Tamarkina, T. Nikolaeva, D. Bashkirov, L. Berman, D. Blagoy, L. Sosina… Monga momwe S. Feinberg analembera, “Goldenweiser ankachitira ophunzira ake mwachifundo komanso mwachidwi. Iye anadziwiratu tsogolo la talente wamng'ono, osati wamphamvu. Ndi kangati komwe tidatsimikiza za kulondola kwake, pomwe ali wachinyamata, wowoneka ngati wosawoneka bwino, adaganiza za talente yayikulu yomwe inali isanapezeke. Mwachidziwitso, ophunzira a Goldenweiser adadutsa njira yonse yophunzitsira akatswiri - kuyambira ali ana mpaka kumaliza sukulu. Kotero, makamaka, chinali tsogolo la G. Ginzburg.

Ngati tikhudza mfundo za kachitidwe ka mphunzitsi waluso, ndiye kuti m’poyenera kutchula mawu a D. Blagoy: “Goldenweiser mwiniyo sanadzione ngati katswiri wa kulimba piyano, modzichepetsa akudzitcha mphunzitsi waluso. Kulondola ndi kumveka kwa mawu ake kunafotokozedwa, mwa zina, chifukwa chakuti adatha kukopa chidwi cha ophunzira ku nthawi yayikulu, yotsimikizika pa ntchitoyo komanso nthawi yomweyo kuzindikira zing'onozing'ono za zolembazo. ndi kulondola kwapadera, kuzindikira kufunikira kwa tsatanetsatane uliwonse kuti timvetsetse ndikuphatikiza zonse. Kusiyanitsidwa ndi konkire kwambiri, mawu onse a Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser adatsogolera kuzinthu zazikulu komanso zozama. Oimba ena ambiri adadutsanso sukulu yabwino kwambiri m'kalasi ya Goldenweiser, pakati pawo oimba S. Evseev, D. Kabalevsky. V. Nechaev, V. Fere, woimba L. Roizman.

Ndipo nthawi yonseyi, mpaka m'ma 50s anapitiriza kupereka zoimbaimba. Pali madzulo aumwini, machitidwe ndi oimba a symphony, ndikuphatikiza nyimbo ndi E. Izai, P. Casals, D. Oistrakh, S. Knushevitsky, D. Tsyganov, L. Kogan ndi ojambula ena otchuka. Monga woyimba aliyense wamkulu. Goldenweiser anali ndi kalembedwe ka piyano koyambirira. "Sitikuyang'ana mphamvu zakuthupi, chithumwa mu masewerawa," adatero A. Alschwang, "koma timapeza mithunzi yobisika mmenemo, malingaliro owona mtima kwa wolemba amene akuchitidwa, ntchito yabwino, chikhalidwe chenichenicho - ndi izi ndi zokwanira kuti ena mwa machitidwe ambuye kwa nthawi yayitali akumbukiridwe ndi omvera. Sitikuyiwala kumasulira kwina kwa Mozart, Beethoven, Schumann pansi pa zala za A. Goldenweiser.” Kwa mayina awa munthu akhoza kuwonjezera Bach ndi D. Scarlatti, Chopin ndi Tchaikovsky, Scriabin ndi Rachmaninoff. S. Feinberg analemba kuti: “Anali wodziwa bwino kwambiri zoimbaimba za ku Russia ndi za Kumadzulo, anali ndi nyimbo zambirimbiri… mabuku. Adachita bwinonso kalembedwe ka filigree Mozart komanso mawonekedwe oyenga bwino a Scriabin.

Monga mukuonera, zikafika kwa Goldenweiser-performer, mmodzi mwa oyamba ndi dzina la Mozart. Nyimbo zake, ndithudi, zinatsagana ndi woyimba piyano pafupifupi moyo wake wonse wolenga. Mu imodzi mwa ndemanga za m'ma 30s timawerenga kuti: "Mozart wa Goldenweiser amadzilankhulira yekha, monga ngati munthu woyamba, amalankhula mozama, mokhutiritsa komanso mochititsa chidwi, popanda njira zabodza ndi maonekedwe a pop ... Chilichonse chiri chophweka, chachibadwa komanso chowona ... Pansi pa zala ya Goldenweiser imakhala ndi moyo kusinthasintha kwa Mozart - mwamuna ndi woimba - kuwala kwake kwadzuwa ndi chisoni, kusokonezeka ndi kusinkhasinkha, kulimba mtima ndi chisomo, kulimba mtima ndi chifundo. Komanso, akatswiri amapeza chiyambi cha Mozart mu kutanthauzira kwa Goldenweiser kwa nyimbo za olemba ena.

Ntchito za Chopin nthawi zonse zakhala ndi malo ofunikira pamapulogalamu a woyimba piyano. A. Nikolaev anatsindika kuti: “Ndi kukoma kokoma komanso kalembedwe kodabwitsa, Goldenweiser amatha kutulutsa nyimbo za Chopin, zomwe zimakhala ndi ma polyphonic a nyimbo zake. Chimodzi mwazinthu za piyano ya Goldenweiser ndikuyenda pang'onopang'ono, mawonekedwe enaake omveka bwino a nyimbo, kutsindika kumveka kwa mzere wa nyimbo. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yake ikhale yosangalatsa, monga momwe amalumikizirana ndi kalembedwe ka Chopin ndi piano ya Mozart.

Olemba onse otchulidwa, ndi iwo Haydn, Liszt, Glinka, Borodin, analinso chinthu chidwi ndi Goldenweiser, mkonzi nyimbo. Ntchito zambiri zakale, kuphatikiza ma sonatas a Mozart, Beethoven, piyano yonse Schumann amabwera kwa oimba lero mu mtundu wachitsanzo wa Goldenweiser.

Pomaliza, ziyenera kutchulidwa za ntchito za Goldenweiser wolemba. Adalemba ma opera atatu ("Phwando mu Nthawi ya Mliri", "Oyimba" ndi "Madzi Akasupe"), zida za oimba, zida zachipinda ndi piyano, ndi zachikondi.

… Chotero anakhala moyo wautali, wodzala ndi ntchito. Ndipo sankadziwa konse mtendere. “Iye amene wadzipereka yekha ku luso,” woyimba piyano ankakonda kubwerezabwereza, “nthawi zonse ayenera kuyesetsa kupita patsogolo. Kusapita patsogolo kumatanthauza kubwerera m’mbuyo.” Aleksandr Borisovich Goldenweiser nthawi zonse ankatsatira mbali yabwino ya chiphunzitso chake ichi.

Lit.: Zolemba za Goldenweiser AB, zida, ma memoirs / Comp. ndi ed. DD Blagoy. - M., 1969; Pa luso la nyimbo. Loweruka. zolemba, - M., 1975.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.

Zolemba:

machitidwe - Phwando pa mliri (1942), Oimba (1942-43), Madzi a Spring (1946-47); cantata - Kuwala kwa Okutobala (1948); za orchestra - overture (pambuyo pa Dante, 1895-97), 2 Russian suites (1946); ntchito zoimbira zapanyumba - quartet ya chingwe (1896; kope lachiwiri 2), atatu kukumbukira SV Rachmaninov (1940); kwa violin ndi piyano - Ndakatulo (1962); za piyano - Nyimbo 14 zosinthira (1932), zojambula za Contrapuntal (2 mabuku, 1932), Polyphonic sonata (1954), zongopeka za Sonata (1959), etc., nyimbo ndi zachikondi.