Momwe mungapezere matani okhudzana ndi digiri yachiwiri ndi yachitatu?

Lero tidzachita chinthu chochititsa chidwi - tidzaphunzira kuyang'ana maulamuliro akutali, ndikuchita izi mwamsanga pamene tipeza "achibale" mu digiri yoyamba.

Choyamba, tiyeni timveketse mfundo imodzi yofunika. Mfundo ndi yakuti anthu ena amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito Rimsky-Korsakov dongosolo, limene pangakhale madigiri atatu a ubale pakati tonalities, pamene ena amatsatira dongosolo lina, amene palibe atatu, koma anayi madigiri. Choncho, tidzatenga dongosolo la ubale wa banja la Rimsky-Korsakov, chifukwa ndi losavuta, koma sitingasiye dongosolo lachiwiri ndipo tidzakambirana nkhaniyi mosiyana pamapeto.

Kusiyana pakati pa machitidwe a 3- ndi 4-level of ubale ubale ndikuti limodzi mwamagulu a ma tonalities, omwe ndi achiwiri, amangogawidwa pawiri kapena, ngati mukufuna, amatenga awiri, omwe amapanga 2nd ndi 3rd th degree mu dongosolo la 4-degree. Tiyeni tiyese kuona m’maganizo zimene zinanenedwa:

Kodi mungafufuze bwanji ma tonali okhudzana ndi digiri yachiwiri?

Apa tikufunika kupeza makiyi 12 onse. Mfundo ya komwe amachokera ikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani yakuti "Madigiri a mgwirizano wa makiyi," ndipo tsopano tiphunzira momwe tingawapezere zazikulu ndi zazing'ono.

Makiyi a digiri yachiwiri yapachibale kwa wamkulu

Pamlingo waukulu, mwa makiyi 12, 8 ayenera kukhala akuluakulu, 4 otsalawo akhale ang'onoang'ono. Popanda ado, tidzanena za makiyi apachiyambi. Mwina zingakhale zolondola kwambiri kufufuza pomanga mipata kuchokera ku tonic, koma ndikosavuta kugwirizanitsa ma tonali atsopano ku masitepe apachiyambi.

Chifukwa chake, poyambira, pali makiyi ang'onoang'ono a 4, kotero timangokumbukira madigirii: I (wamng'ono wa dzina lomwelo), V (wamng'ono wamkulu), VII (ingokumbukirani - wachisanu ndi chiwiri), VIIb (watsika wachisanu ndi chiwiri).

Mwachitsanzo, pa kiyi ya C-dur (chilembo chotchulidwa makiyi), awa angakhale c-moll, g-moll, h-moll ndi b-moll.

Tsopano pali makiyi akuluakulu 8 ndipo amaphatikizidwa, tsopano mumvetsetsa tanthauzo la mawu oti "pawiri". Timawamangiriza ku njira zotsatirazi: II, III, VI ndi VII. Ndipo kulikonse kudzakhala motere: mlingo wachilengedwe ndi wotsitsidwa, ndiko kuti, makiyi akuluakulu awiri pa digiri iliyonse (imodzi yopanda phokoso lathyathyathya, ina ndi kamvekedwe kakang'ono).

Mwachitsanzo, kwa C yaikulu yomweyi idzakhala: D-dur ndi Des-dur, E-dur ndi Es-dur, A-dur ndi As-dur, H-dur ndi B-dur. Chilichonse ndi chophweka kwambiri, chinthu chachikulu ndikukumbukira matsenga kodi - 2367 (zopangidwa ndi masitepe).

Makiyi a digiri yachiwiri yapachibale kwa ang'ono

Ngati tonality yathu yoyamba ndi yaying'ono (mwachitsanzo, C yaying'ono), ndiye kuti matani 12 okhudzana ndi digiri yachiwiri adzagawidwa motere: m'malo mwake, 4 okha ndi akuluakulu ndipo 8 otsalawo ndi ochepa.

Ma tonic a makiyi akuluakulu adzagwirizana ndi madigiri otsatirawa (kumbukirani): I (wamkulu wa dzina lomwelo), II (wachiwiri wachiwiri), IIb (wachiwiri wotsitsidwa), IV (wamkulu wamkulu). Mwachitsanzo, kwa C wamng'ono awa adzakhala "asuweni" otsatirawa: C-dur, D-dur, Des-dur ndi F-dur.

Pali makiyi asanu ndi atatu ang'onoang'ono ndipo, tcherani khutu, chirichonse chiri chosangalatsa kwambiri apa: ma tonic awo amakhala ndi masitepe ofanana ndi ma tonic 8 akuluakulu: II, III, VI ndi VII mu mawonekedwe achilengedwe ndi ochepetsedwa. Ndiko kuti, zokhudzana ndi C zazing'ono ndizofanana ndi d-moll ndi des-moll (kiyi yomwe palibe, koma zonse ziri chimodzimodzi), e-moll ndi es-moll, a-moll ndi as-moll, h-moll ndi b-moll.

Chiwonetsero chochititsa chidwi (chikhoza kudumpha)

Ngati tilankhula zambiri za msuweni wa akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono, ndiye kuti mfundo zingapo zosangalatsa zimatuluka apa:

• mwa 24 (12 + 12) tonics pamlandu uliwonse pali zidutswa 9 + 9 (18) zomwe zimagwirizana ndi tonally ndipo zimasiyana mongotengera modal (kuphatikiza 8 + 8, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi "code 2367" ndi 1+1 yomweyo. );
• matani a dzina lomwelo ndi achibale a digiri yachiwiri mu dongosolo lino, ndipo mu dongosolo la digirii 4 nthawi zambiri amakhala "asuweni achiwiri";
• chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma tonalities a digiri yachiwiri ya ubale amagwirizanitsidwa ndi madigiri oyambira (pa VII - 4 tonalities zazikulu, pa II - 4 tonalities zazing'ono), ndi magawo omwe kuchepetsedwa katatu kunamangidwa mu tonality yoyambirira mu mawonekedwe achilengedwe amtundu wake, chifukwa chomwe ma tonic awa samaphatikizidwa mu bwalo la achibale a digiri yoyamba (mtundu wamalipiro umachitika - kuchulukitsa ndi awiri mpaka digiri yotsatira);
• zofananira za digiri yachiwiri zikuphatikiza: zazikulu - tonality ya wamkulu wocheperako, komanso kwa ang'ono - tonality ya subdominant yayikulu (ndipo timakumbukira za zochitika zapadera mu bwalo la ma tonali a digiri yoyamba - subdominant yaying'ono wamkulu wa harmonic ndi wolamulira wamkulu mwa aang'ono a harmonic?).

Chabwino, ndizokwanira, ndi nthawi yoti mupite patsogolo ndikupita ku gawo lotsatira, lachitatu la ubale, lomwe limasonyeza mgwirizano pakati pa ma tonali akutali kwambiri (alibe atatu amodzi).

Digiri yachitatu ya ubale

Pano, mosiyana ndi vuto la msinkhu wakale, simuyenera kupanga njovu, simusowa kupanga chowerengera kapena njinga. Chilichonse chadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali, aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito bwino. Inenso ndikuuzani!

Total makiyi asanu. Momwemonso, tidzalingalira kaye mlanduwo ngati fungulo lathu loyamba lili lalikulu, ndiyeno ngati tikuyang'ana achibale omwe akusowa pa kiyi yaing'ono.

Chabwino, mwa njira, pali zinthu zina zofanana pakati pa milanduyi, palinso matani wamba (awiri mwa iwo). Chomwe chikufanana ndikuti tonic ya ma tonal omwe amatchulidwa awiriwa ndi pa mtunda wa triton kuchokera ku tonic yoyambirira. Komanso, timagwiritsa ntchito tonic iyi kawiri - pamakiyi akulu ndi ang'onoang'ono.

Chifukwa chake, ngati kiyi yathu yoyamba ndi yayikulu (chimodzimodzinso C, mwachitsanzo), cholemba F-charp chili pamtunda wa tritone kuchokera ku tonic yake. Ndi F-lakuthwa timapanga zonse zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Ndiye kuti, makiyi awiri mwa asanu ndi Fis-dur ndi fis-moll.

Ndiyeno basi zozizwitsa! Kuchokera pamakiyi ang'onoang'ono a tritone kusunthira mmwamba mu magawo asanu angwiro. Pazonse, tiyenera kutenga masitepe atatu - tidzapeza makiyi atatu otsala: cis-moll, gis-moll ndi dis-moll.

Ngati kiyi yoyamba ndi yaying'ono (C yaying'ono mwachitsanzo), ndiye kuti timachita pafupifupi zofanana: timapanga tritone, ndipo nthawi yomweyo timapeza makiyi awiri (Fis-dur ndi fis-moll). Ndipo tsopano, chidwi, kuchokera pa kiyi yayikulu ya tritone (ndiko, kuchokera ku Fis-dur) tsitsani magawo atatu mwa asanu! Timapeza: H-dur, E-dur ndi A-dur.

Kwa iwo omwe amatsatira dongosolo la 4-degree

Zimatsalira kudziwa momwe mungapezere ma tonali ogwirizana kwa iwo omwe amakonda kusiyanitsa madigiri anayi m'malo mwa atatu. Ndikunena nthawi yomweyo kuti digiri yachinayi ndi yachitatu yomweyi popanda kusintha. Palibe zovuta ndi izi.

Koma, monga tanenera kale, wachiwiri "wa atatu" amatenga wachiwiri ndi wachitatu "ndi anayi". Ndipo digiri yachiwiri imaphatikizapo ma tonal 4 okha, ndipo yachitatu - 8. Kwa inu nokha, mutha kupezabe ma tonali 12 nthawi imodzi, ndikupatula ma tonali 4 a digiri yachiwiri kuchokera kwa iwo, kuti musiyidwe ndi ma tonali 8 achitatu. digiri.

Kodi mungapeze bwanji tonality ya digiri yachiwiri "ndi anayi"?

Ichi ndi mbali yaikulu ya dongosolo la Moscow la tonal kinship. Ndipo, ndithudi, chirichonse apa ndi chomveka komanso chophweka. Zidzakhala zofunikira kupeza olamulira pawiri ndi olamulira awiri (zilibe kanthu momwe amatchulidwira molondola).

Chachikulu, tikuyang'ana tonality ya double dominant (II digiri ndi triad yaikulu pa izo) ndi kufanana kwake, komanso tonality ya subdominant iwiri (VII otsika ndi triad yaikulu pa izo) ndi kufanana kwake. Zitsanzo za C yaikulu ndi D-dur||h-moll ndi B-dur||g-moll. Zonse!

Pazing'onoting'ono timachita zomwezo, timangosiya zonse zomwe timapeza zazing'ono (ndiko kuti, zolamulira ziwiri sizili choncho - DD, koma monga dd - zachilengedwe, za subdominant - mofanana). Timawonjezera kufanana ndi zomwe tapeza ndikupeza ma tonalities a digiri yachiwiri yapachibale kwa C wamng'ono: d-moll||F-dur ndi b-moll||Des-dur. Chilichonse chanzeru ndi chosavuta!