Mbiri ya bass kawiri

Zomwe okhestra a symphony amachita popanda woyimba wofunikira ngati ma bass awiri? Chida choimbira cha zingwe chowerama chopindika ichi, chokhala ndi timbre yosawoneka bwino koma yozama, chimakongoletsa nyimbo zapachipinda komanso jazi ndi mawu ake. Ena amatha kusintha gitala ya bass ndi iwo. Kuyambira liti pamene ma bass odabwitsa adasangalatsa ndikukopa omvera padziko lonse lapansi, kuyimira zilankhulo zonse zapadziko lapansi nthawi imodzi, osasowa womasulira?

Contrabass viola. Mwinamwake, ma bass awiri ndi chida chokhacho choyimba padziko lapansi chomwe mbiri yake ya chilengedwe ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwake mu chikhalidwe chodziwika ndi chodzaza ndi mipata yotereyi. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa chida cha zingwe ichi kunayambira m'nthawi ya Renaissance.

Violas amaonedwa kuti ndi kholo la bass awiri, omwe banja lawo ma bass awiri akuphatikizidwabe. Mabasi awiri a viola adawonetsedwa koyamba mu kujambula kwake "Ukwati ku Kana" ndi wojambula wa Venetian Paolo Veronese kumbuyo kwa 1563. Tsikuli limatengedwa kuti ndilo chiyambi cha kuwerengera mbiri ya bass awiri.

M'zaka za m'ma 5, zoimbira za bass ziwiri zidayamba kuphatikizidwa m'gulu la oimba la Claudio Monteverdi Orpheus ndipo amatchulidwa kuchuluka kwa zidutswa ziwiri pampikisanowo. Panthawiyo, kulongosola kwabwino kwa chidacho chinapangidwa ndi Michael Pretorius, panthawi yomweyi kunapezeka kuti viola iwiri ya bass inali ndi zingwe za 6-XNUMX.

Mapangidwe a bass awiri ngati chida choyimba chodziyimira pawokha. Mabass awiri mwamakono ake adawonekera mkati mwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. Woyambitsa wake anali mbuye wa ku Italy Michele Todini. Iye mwiniyo adakhulupirira kuti adapanga cello yayikulu, koma adayitcha kuti mabasi awiri. Njira yatsopano inali ya zingwe zinayi. Chifukwa chake ma bass awiri adakhala "cholepheretsa" kuchokera kubanja limodzi - violin kupita ku lina - ma violin, malinga ndi woyimba zida waku Germany Kurt Sachs.

Kuyamba koyamba kwa ma bass awiri mu okhestra kwalembedwa ku Italy. Izi zidachitika mu 1699 ndi woyimba D. Aldrovandini mu opera "Caesar of Alexandria" pachiwonetsero choyamba pabwalo lamasewera ku Naples.

Chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kuphatikiza pang'onopang'ono kwa mfundo ziwiri - "violone" ndi "mabasi awiri". Pachifukwa ichi, ku Italy mabasi awiri amatchedwa "Violone", ku England - Double bass, ku Germany - der Kontrabass, ndi ku France - Contrebasse. Pokhapokha m'zaka za m'ma 50 m'zaka za zana la XNUMX pomwe violone idakhala nyimbo ziwiri. Panthawi yomweyi, oimba a ku Ulaya anayamba kukonda nyimbo ziwiri. M'zaka za m'ma XVIII, "anakula" kuti aziimba yekha, koma ndi zingwe zitatu pa chidacho.

M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, Giovanni Bottzini ndi Franz Simandl adapitilizabe kupanga nyimboyi. Ndipo kale m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, olowa m'malo awo adapezeka mwa Adolf Mishek ndi Sergei Koussevitzky.

Zaka mazana aŵiri zakulimbana kosalekeza kwa kukhalapo kwadzetsa kupangidwa kwa chida choimbira chanzeru chimene chingapikisane ndi chiwalo champhamvu. Chifukwa cha khama la oimba odziwika bwino, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri tsopano akutsatira mosangalala mayendedwe aluso a manja a katswiri woimba pa zingwe.