Nthawi |

ku lat. intervallum - interval, mtunda

Chiŵerengero cha awiri phokoso mu msinkhu, mwachitsanzo, pafupipafupi phokoso vibrations (onani. Sound phula). Phokoso lotengedwa motsatizana limapanga nyimbo. I., amamveka nthawi yomweyo - harmonic. I. Phokoso lapansi I. limatchedwa maziko ake, ndipo lapamwamba limatchedwa pamwamba. Mumayendedwe anyimbo, kukwera ndi kutsika I. amapangidwa. Iliyonse I. imatsimikiziridwa ndi voliyumu kapena kuchuluka. mtengo, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa masitepe omwe amapanga, ndi kamvekedwe kapena mtundu, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa ma toni ndi ma semitone omwe amadzaza. Zosavuta zimatchedwa I., zopangidwa mkati mwa octave, pawiri - I. yokulirapo kuposa octave. Dzina I. kutumikira lat. manambala a ordinal a jenda lachikazi, kusonyeza kuchuluka kwa masitepe omwe akuphatikizidwa mu I .; dzina la digito lomwe ndimagwiritsanso ntchito; mtengo wamtundu wa I. umasonyezedwa ndi mawu akuti: zazing'ono, zazikulu, zoyera, zowonjezera, zochepetsedwa. Zosavuta I. ndi:

Prima yoyera (gawo 1) - matani 0 Sekondi yaying'ono (m. 2) - ^1/2 malankhulidwe Achiwiri kwambiri (b. 2) - 1 kamvekedwe kakang'ono kachitatu (m. 3) - 1^1/2 malankhulidwe Chachitatu chachikulu (b. 3) - 2 matani Net quart (gawo 4) - 2^1/2 malankhulidwe Makulitsidwe quart (sw. 4) - 3 matani Chepetsa kachisanu (d. 5) - 3 matani Wachisanu (gawo 5) - 3^1/2 malankhulidwe Ang'onoang'ono achisanu ndi chimodzi (m. 6) - matani 4 Chachisanu ndi chimodzi Chachisanu ndi chimodzi (b. 6) - 4^1/2 toni Wang'ono wachisanu ndi chiwiri (m. 7) - matani 5 Wachisanu ndi chiwiri (b. 7) - 5^1/2 malankhulidwe Octave yoyera (mutu 8) - matani 6

Compound I. imawuka pamene yosavuta I. iwonjezeredwa ku octave ndikusunga mawonekedwe a yosavuta I. ofanana nawo; mayina awo: nona, decima, undecima, duodecima, terzdecima, quarterdecima, quintdecima (octave ziwiri); ambiri I. amatchedwa: wachiwiri pambuyo awiri octaves, lachitatu pambuyo awiri octaves, etc. The kutchulidwa I. amatchedwanso zofunika kapena diatonic, popeza iwo anapanga pakati pa masitepe a sikelo anatengera mwambo. chiphunzitso cha nyimbo ngati maziko a diatonic frets (onani Diatonic). Diatonic I. ikhoza kuchulukitsidwa kapena kuchepetsedwa mwa kuchulukitsidwa kapena kuchepetsedwa ndi chromatic. semitone maziko kapena pamwamba I. Pa nthawi yomweyo. Kusintha kwamitundu yambiri pa chromatic. semitone ya masitepe onse awiri I. kapena ndi kusintha kwa sitepe imodzi pa chromatic. mamvekedwe amawonekera kawiri kapena kuchepetsedwa kawiri I. Zonse zomwe I. zosinthidwa mwa kusintha zimatchedwa chromatic. ndi., dif. ndi kuchuluka kwa masitepe omwe ali mmenemo, koma ofanana mu kapangidwe ka tonal (phokoso), amatchedwa enharmonic ofanana, mwachitsanzo. fa – G-sharp (sh. 2) ndi fa – A-flat (m. 3). Dzinali ndi limeneli. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazithunzi zomwe zimafanana ndi voliyumu ndi mtengo wamawu. kudzera m'malo mwa anharmonic m'malo mwa mawu onse awiri, mwachitsanzo. F-lakuthwa - si (gawo 4) ndi G-flat - C-flat (gawo 4).

M'mayimbidwe ogwirizana ndi mgwirizano wonse. I. amagawidwa kukhala consonant ndi dissonant (onani Consonance, Dissonance).

Mipata yosavuta yoyambira (diatom) kuchokera pamawu ku.

Zosavuta zochepetsera komanso zowonjezereka kuchokera pamawu ku.

Zosavuta zowonjezeretsa pawiri kuchokera pamawu C flat.

Zosavuta zochepetsera pawiri kuchokera pamawu C wakuthwa.

Compound (diatonic) intervals kuchokera phokoso ku.

Makonsonanti I. amaphatikizanso ma prims ndi ma octaves (makonsoni abwino kwambiri), magawo anayi ndi asanu (makonsoninsi abwino), ang'onoang'ono ndi akulu pa atatu ndi asanu ndi limodzi (consonance yopanda ungwiro). Dissonant I. kuphatikiza masekondi ang'onoang'ono ndi akulu, onjezani. quart, kuchepetsedwa zisanu, zazing'ono ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zazikulu. Kusuntha kwa phokoso I., ndi Krom, maziko ake amakhala phokoso lapamwamba, ndipo pamwamba pake amakhala pansi, wotchedwa. apilo; chifukwa chake, I. yatsopano ikuwonekera. Zonse zoyera I. zimasandulika kukhala zoyera, zazing'ono kukhala zazikulu, zazikulu kukhala zazing'ono, zowonjezera kuchepetsedwa ndi mosemphanitsa, zimawonjezeka kawiri kawiri kuchepetsedwa ndi mosemphanitsa. Chiwerengero cha ma toni a simple I., kutembenukira wina ndi mzake, muzochitika zonse ndi wofanana ndi matani asanu ndi limodzi, mwachitsanzo. :b. 3 do-mi - 2 toni; m. 6 mi-do - 4 matani i. ndi zina.

VA Vakhromeev