Jean Martinon (Martinon, Jean) |
Martinon, Jean
Dzina la wojambula uyu linakopa chidwi kwambiri mu zaka za m'ma sikisite oyambirira, pamene ambiri, m'malo mosayembekezereka, anatsogolera mmodzi wa oimba bwino kwambiri mu dziko - Chicago Symphony, kukhala wolowa m'malo wa womwalirayo Fritz Reiner. Komabe, Martinon, yemwe panthawiyi anali ndi zaka makumi asanu, anali kale ndi luso lotsogolera, ndipo izi zinamuthandiza kuti atsimikizire kudalira kwake. Tsopano iye moyenerera akutchedwa pakati pa otsogolera otsogolera a m’nthaŵi yathu.
Martinon ndi Mfalansa wakubadwa, ubwana ndi unyamata wake zidakhala ku Lyon. Kenaka anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Paris Conservatory - poyamba monga woyimba zeze (mu 1928), ndiyeno monga wolemba nyimbo (m'kalasi la A. Roussel). Nkhondo isanayambe, Martinon anali makamaka chinkhoswe zikuchokera, ndipo kuwonjezera, kupeza ndalama kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, ankaimba violin mu symphony orchestra. M’zaka za ulamuliro wa chipani cha Nazi, woimbayo anali wokangalika ndi gulu la Resistance, ndipo anakhala pafupifupi zaka ziwiri m’ndende za Nazi.
Ntchito yotsogolera ya Martinon inayamba mwangozi, nkhondo itangotha. Katswiri wina wodziwika bwino wa ku Paris nthawi ina adaphatikizanso First Symphony mu pulogalamu ya konsati yake. Koma kenako anaganiza kuti sadzakhala ndi nthawi yophunzira ntchitoyo, ndipo ananena kuti wolembayo azichita yekha. Iye anavomera, mosazengereza, koma anagwira ntchito yake mwanzeru. Mayitanidwe adabwera kuchokera kulikonse. Martinon amatsogolera gulu la oimba la Paris Conservatory, mu 1946 adakhala mtsogoleri wa gulu lanyimbo la symphony ku Bordeaux. Dzina la wojambulayo likutchuka ku France komanso kupitirira malire ake. Martinon ndiye adaganiza kuti chidziwitso chomwe adapeza sichinali chokwanira kwa iye, ndipo adachita bwino motsogozedwa ndi oimba otchuka monga R. Desormieres ndi C. Munsch. Mu 1950 anakhala kondakitala okhazikika, ndipo mu 1954 mkulu wa Lamoureux Concertos ku Paris, ndipo anayamba kuyendera kunja. Asanaitanidwe ku America, anali mtsogoleri wa gulu lanyimbo la Düsseldorf Orchestra. Ndipo komabe Chicago inalidi posinthira njira yolenga ya Jean Martinon.
Mu positi yake yatsopano, wojambulayo sanasonyeze malire a repertoire, omwe okonda nyimbo ambiri amawopa. Iye mofunitsitsa amachita osati French nyimbo, komanso Viennese symphonists - kuchokera Mozart ndi Haydn kuti Mahler ndi Bruckner ndi Russian classics. Kudziwa mozama njira zaposachedwa zofotokozera (Martinon samasiya zolemba zake) komanso machitidwe amakono pakupanga nyimbo amalola wotsogolera kuphatikiza nyimbo zaposachedwa pamapulogalamu ake. Zonsezi zinachititsa kuti mu 1962 magazini American Musical America anatsagana ndi ndemanga ya makonsati kondakitala ndi mutu wakuti: "Viva Martinon", ndi ntchito yake monga mutu wa Chicago Orchestra analandira zabwino kwambiri. Martinon m'zaka zaposachedwa sasiya ntchito zoyendera; adachita nawo zikondwerero zambiri zapadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo Prague Spring mu 1962.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
