Felix Weingartner |

Felix Weingartner

Felix Weingartner, m'modzi mwa otsogolera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ali ndi malo apadera m'mbiri ya luso loyendetsa. Atayamba ntchito yake yojambula panthawi yomwe Wagner ndi Brahms, Liszt ndi Bülow adakali ndi moyo ndikupanga, Weingartner anamaliza ulendo wake kale pakati pa zaka za zana lathu. Chifukwa chake, wojambula uyu adakhala, titero, kulumikizana pakati pa sukulu yakale yazaka za zana la XNUMX ndi zaluso zamakono zamakono.

Weingartner amachokera ku Dalmatia, anabadwira m'tawuni ya Zadar, pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Adriatic, m'banja la wogwira ntchito positi. Bambowo anamwalira Felike adakali mwana, ndipo banja lawo linasamukira ku Graz. Apa, wochititsa tsogolo anayamba kuphunzira nyimbo motsogoleredwa ndi mayi ake. Mu 1881-1883, Weingartner anali wophunzira pa Leipzig Conservatory mu kulemba ndi kuchititsa makalasi. Ena mwa aphunzitsi ake ndi K. Reinecke, S. Jadasson, O. Paul. M'zaka za ophunzira, talente yochititsa chidwi ya woimbayo idawonekera koyamba: mu konsati ya ophunzira, adachita bwino kwambiri Beethoven's Second Symphony ngati chokumbukira. Izi, komabe, zinamubweretsera yekha chitonzo cha Reinecke, yemwe sanakonde kudzidalira kotere kwa wophunzirayo.

Mu 1883, Weingartner adadzipangira yekha ku Königsberg, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi opera yake Shakuntala idapangidwa ku Weimar. Wolemba yekha anakhala zaka zingapo pano, kukhala wophunzira ndi bwenzi Liszt. Womalizayo adamulimbikitsa kukhala wothandizira Bülow, koma mgwirizano wawo sunatenge nthawi yaitali: Weingartner sanakonde ufulu umene Bülow analola mu kutanthauzira kwake kwa classics, ndipo sanazengereze kumuuza za izo.

Patapita zaka zingapo za ntchito Danzig (Gdansk), Hamburg, Mannheim, Weingartner anali kale mu 1891 anasankha wochititsa woyamba wa Royal Opera ndi Symphony Concerts mu Berlin, kumene iye anakhazikitsa mbiri yake monga mmodzi wa otsogolera German kutsogolera.

Ndipo kuyambira 1908, Vienna wakhala likulu la ntchito ya Weingartner, komwe adalowa m'malo mwa G. Mahler monga mtsogoleri wa opera ndi Philharmonic Orchestra. Nthawi imeneyi imasonyezanso chiyambi cha kutchuka kwa dziko la wojambula. Amayenda kwambiri m'mayiko onse a ku Ulaya, makamaka ku England, mu 1905 anawoloka nyanja kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndipo kenako, mu 1927, anachita ku USSR.

Ndikugwira ntchito ku Hamburg (1911-1914), Darmstadt (1914-1919), wojambulayo samaswa ndi Vienna ndipo amabwereranso kuno monga wotsogolera Volksoper ndi kondakitala wa Vienna Philharmonic (mpaka 1927). Kenako anakhazikika ku Basel, kumene ankachititsa gulu la oimba, kuphunzira nyimbo, anatsogolera gulu la otsogolera pa Conservatory, wozunguliridwa ndi ulemu ndi ulemu.

Zinkawoneka kuti maestro okalamba sangabwererenso ku ntchito yojambula. Koma mu 1935, Clemens Kraus atachoka ku Vienna, woimba wazaka makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu ziwiri adatsogoleranso State Opera ndipo adachita nawo chikondwerero cha Salzburg. Komabe, osati kwa nthawi yayitali: kusagwirizana ndi oimba posakhalitsa kunamukakamiza kuti atule pansi udindo wake. Zowona, ngakhale zitatha izi, Weingartner adapezabe mphamvu kuti ayende ulendo waukulu wa konsati ku Far East. Ndipo pokhapo iye anakhazikika ku Switzerland, kumene anamwalira.

Kutchuka kwa Weingartner kunakhazikika makamaka pa kutanthauzira kwake kwa ma symphonies a Beethoven ndi olemba nyimbo ena akale. Kuchulukira kwa malingaliro ake, kugwirizana kwa mawonekedwe ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ya kumasulira kwake kunakhudza kwambiri omvera. M’modzi wa otsutsawo analemba kuti: “Weingartner ndi katswiri wodziŵa bwino za khalidwe ndi kusukulu, ndipo amamva bwino m’mabuku akale. Kuzindikira, kudziletsa ndi luntha lokhwima zimapatsa ntchito yake kukhala yolemekezeka, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa kuti ukulu wa Beethoven wake sungathe kupezedwa ndi wotsogolera wina aliyense wanthawi yathu ino. Weingartner amatha kutsimikizira mzere wachikale wa nyimbo ndi dzanja lomwe nthawi zonse limakhala lolimba komanso lolimba, amatha kupanga zosakanikirana zowoneka bwino za harmonic komanso zosokoneza zosalimba kwambiri zomveka. Koma mwina khalidwe lodabwitsa kwambiri la Weingartner ndi mphatso yake yodabwitsa yowonera ntchito yonse; ali ndi lingaliro lachibadwa la architectonics. "

Anthu okonda nyimbo angakhulupirire kuti mawu amenewa ndi oona. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yopambana ya luso la Weingartner imagwera pazaka zomwe luso lojambulira linali lopanda ungwiro, cholowa chake chimaphatikizapo zojambulidwa zambiri. Kuwerenga mozama kwa ma symphonies onse a Beethoven, ntchito zambiri za symphonic za Liszt, Brahms, Haydn, Mendelssohn, komanso ma waltzes a I. Strauss, zasungidwa kwa ana. Weingartner adasiya ntchito zambiri zamalemba ndi nyimbo zomwe zili ndi malingaliro ofunikira kwambiri paluso lotsogolera komanso kutanthauzira nyimbo zamunthu payekha.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek