Joan Sutherland |

@Alirezatalischioriginal

Mawu odabwitsa a Sutherland, kuphatikiza luso la coloratura ndi kulemera kwakukulu, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya timbre momveka bwino, kwakopa okonda ndi akatswiri pazaluso zamawu kwa zaka zambiri. Zaka 60 zinakhala ntchito yake yopambana ya zisudzo. Oimba ochepa anali ndi mtundu waukulu chotere komanso stylistic palette. Iye ankamasuka mofanana osati mu repertoire Italy ndi Austro-German, komanso French. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, Sutherland wakhala mmodzi mwa oimba akuluakulu a nthawi yathu. M'nkhani ndi ndemanga, nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ndi mawu achi Italiya akuti La Stupenda ("Zodabwitsa").

Joan Sutherland anabadwira mumzinda wa Sydney ku Australia pa November 7, 1926. Mayi wa woimba wamtsogolo anali ndi mezzo-soprano yabwino, ngakhale kuti sanakhale woimba chifukwa cha kutsutsa kwa makolo ake. Kutsanzira mayi ake, mtsikanayo ankaimba Manuel Garcia ndi Matilda Marchesi.

Msonkhano ndi mphunzitsi wa mawu aku Sydney Aida Dickens unali wotsimikiza kwa Joan. Anapeza soprano yochititsa chidwi mwa mtsikanayo. Izi zisanachitike, Joan anali wotsimikiza kuti ali ndi mezzo-soprano.

Sutherland adalandira maphunziro ake ku Sydney Conservatory. Akadali wophunzira, Joan akuyamba ntchito yake konsati, atapita ku mizinda yambiri ya dziko. Nthawi zambiri ankatsagana ndi wophunzira limba Richard Boning. Ndani angaganize kuti ichi chinali chiyambi cha duet kulenga, amene anakhala wotchuka m'mayiko ambiri a dziko.

Ali ndi zaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi, Sutherland adayimba gawo lake loyamba, Dido mu Purcell's Dido ndi Aeneas, pa konsati ku Town Hall ku Sydney. Zaka ziwiri zotsatira, Joan akupitiriza kuchita masewera. Kuphatikiza apo, amatenga nawo gawo pamipikisano yoyimba yaku Australia ndipo amatenga malo oyamba nthawi zonse. Pa siteji ya opera, Sutherland adamupanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu mu 1950 kumudzi kwawo, mu gawo la opera "Judith" lolemba J. Goossens.

Mu 1951, pambuyo pa Bonynge, Joan anasamukira ku London. Sutherland amagwira ntchito zambiri ndi Richard, kupukuta mawu aliwonse amawu. Anaphunziranso kwa chaka chimodzi ku Royal College of Music ku London ndi Clive Carey.

Komabe, ndizovuta kwambiri Sutherland amalowa mugulu la Covent Garden. Mu Okutobala 1952, woyimba wachinyamatayo adayimba kachigawo kakang'ono ka Mayi Woyamba mu Mozart's The Magic Flute. Koma Joan atachita bwino monga Amelia ku Un ballo ku maschera ndi Verdi, m'malo mwa woyimba wachijeremani yemwe adadwala mwadzidzidzi Elena Werth, oyang'anira zisudzo adakhulupirira luso lake. Kale mu nyengo yoyamba, Sutherland adadalira udindo wa Countess ("Ukwati wa Figaro") ndi Penelope Rich ("Gloriana" Britten). Mu 1954, Joan anayimba udindo wa Aida ndi Agatha mu nyimbo yatsopano ya Weber's The Magic Shooter.

M'chaka chomwecho, chochitika chofunikira chikuchitika m'moyo waumwini wa Sutherland - amakwatira Boninj. Mwamuna wake anayamba kutsogolera Joan ku zigawo za lyric-coloratura, akukhulupirira kuti zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi luso lake. Wojambulayo amakayikira izi, koma adavomereza ndipo mu 1955 adayimba maudindo angapo. Ntchito yosangalatsa kwambiri inali gawo lovuta mwaukadaulo la Jennifer mu opera ya Midsummer Night's Ukwati wolembedwa ndi woimba wachingelezi wamakono Michael Tippett.

Kuyambira 1956 mpaka 1960, Sutherland anatenga gawo mu Glyndebourne Phwando, kumene iye anaimba mbali ya Countess Almaviva (Ukwati wa Figaro), Donna Anna (Don Giovanni), Madame Hertz mu vaudeville Mozart Director Theatre.

Mu 1957, Sutherland adayamba kutchuka ngati woyimba wa Handelian, akuimba udindo wa Alcina. “Woyimba wodziwika bwino wa ku Handelian wa nthawi yathu,” analemba motero m’nyuzipepala za iye. Chaka chotsatira, Sutherland anapita paulendo wakunja kwa nthawi yoyamba: adayimba gawo la soprano mu Verdi's Requiem pa Chikondwerero cha Holland, ndi Don Giovanni pa Chikondwerero cha Vancouver ku Canada.

Woimbayo akuyandikira ku cholinga chake - kuchita ntchito za oimba nyimbo zazikulu za ku Italy za bel canto - Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti. Chiyeso chotsimikizirika cha mphamvu za Sutherland chinali udindo wa Lucia di Lammermoor mu opera ya Donizetti ya dzina lomwelo, yomwe inkafuna luso lapamwamba la kalembedwe ka bel canto.

Ndi kuwomba m’manja mokweza, omvera a Covent Garden anayamikira luso la woimbayo. Katswiri wodziwika bwino wa nyimbo wachingerezi Harold Rosenthal adatcha Sutherland kuti "zowulutsa", komanso kutanthauzira kwa gawoli - zodabwitsa mu mphamvu yamalingaliro. Chifukwa chake ndi chigonjetso cha London, kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi kumabwera ku Sutherland. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, nyumba zabwino kwambiri za zisudzo zakhala zikufunitsitsa kuchita naye mapangano.

Kupambana kwatsopano kumabweretsa ziwonetsero za ojambula ku Vienna, Venice, Palermo. Sutherland inapirira kuyesedwa kwa anthu ambiri a ku Parisian, ndikugonjetsa Grand Opera mu April 1960, onse mu Lucia di Lammermoor yemweyo.

"Ngati wina akanandiuza sabata imodzi yapitayo kuti ndimvera Lucia osati popanda kunyong'onyeka pang'ono, koma ndikumverera komwe kumadza pamene tikusangalala ndi mwaluso, ntchito yayikulu yolembedwa pa siteji yanyimbo, ndikadadabwa kwambiri," adatero wotsutsa waku France a Marc Pencherl powunika.

M'mwezi wa Epulo wotsatira, Sutherland adawonekera pa siteji ku La Scala muudindo wa Bellini's Beatrice di Tenda. Chakumapeto kwa chaka chomwecho, woimbayo anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake pa masiteji atatu lalikulu American Opera nyumba: San Francisco, Chicago ndi New York Metropolitan Opera. Kuyamba pa Metropolitan Opera monga Lucia, iye anachita kumeneko kwa zaka 25.

Mu 1963, maloto ena a Sutherland anakwaniritsidwa - anaimba Norma kwa nthawi yoyamba pa siteji ya zisudzo ku Vancouver. Ndiye wojambula anaimba gawo ili ku London mu November 1967 ndi New York pa siteji ya Metropolitan mu nyengo 1969/70 ndi 1970/71.

"Kutanthauzira kwa Sutherland kunayambitsa mikangano yambiri pakati pa oimba ndi okonda luso la mawu," akulemba VV Timokhin. — Poyamba, zinali zovuta kulingalira kuti chithunzi cha wansembe wamkazi wankhondo ameneyu, chimene Kallas anali nacho ndi seŵero lodabwitsa chotero, chingawonekere m’kawonedwe kena kalikonse ka maganizo!

M'kutanthauzira kwake, Sutherland adayika kutsindika kwakukulu pa kusinkhasinkha kofewa, ndakatulo. Panalibe pafupifupi chilichonse champhamvu champhamvu cha Callas mwa iye. Zoonadi, choyamba, nyimbo zonse, zowunikira maloto pa udindo wa Norma - komanso pamwamba pa pemphero "Casta Diva" - zinkamveka zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi Sutherland. Komabe, munthu sangagwirizane ndi maganizo a otsutsawo omwe adanena kuti kulingaliranso koteroko kwa udindo wa Norma, kusokoneza kukongola kwa ndakatulo za nyimbo za Bellini, komabe, zonse, mwachidwi, zinasauka khalidwe lopangidwa ndi wolemba.

Mu 1965, kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo pa zaka khumi ndi zinayi, Sutherland anabwerera ku Australia. Kubwera kwa woimbayo kunali kosangalatsa kwenikweni kwa okonda zaluso zamawu ku Australia, omwe adalandira mwansangala Joan. Atolankhani akumaloko adalabadira kwambiri ulendo wa woyimbayo. Kuyambira pamenepo, Sutherland wachita mobwerezabwereza kudziko lakwawo. Adachoka ku siteji kwawo ku Sydney mu 1990, akuchita gawo la Marguerite mu Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots.

Mu June 1966, ku Covent Garden Theatre, adayimba kwa nthawi yoyamba monga Maria mu opera ya Donizetti ya Daughter of the Regiment, yomwe ili yosowa kwambiri pamasewero amakono. Opera iyi inachitikira ku Sutherland ndi New York mu February 1972. Dzuwa, chikondi, chodzidzimutsa, chokopa - izi ndi zochepa chabe zomwe woimbayo akuyenera kuchita pa udindo wosaiwalika.

Woimbayo sanachepetse ntchito zake zopanga mu 70s ndi 80s. Chifukwa chake ku Seattle, USA mu Novembala 1970, Sutherland adachita mbali zonse zinayi za akazi mu sewero lamasewera la Offenbach la The Tales of Hoffmann. Kutsutsidwa kunapangitsa kuti ntchito ya woimbayi ikhale yopambana kwambiri.

Mu 1977, woimbayo anaimba kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Covent Garden Mary Stuart mu opera ya Donizetti ya dzina lomwelo. Ku London, mu 1983, adayimbanso imodzi mwa nyimbo zake zabwino kwambiri - Esclarmonde mu opera ya Massenet ya dzina lomweli.

Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60, Sutherland wakhala akugwira ntchito nthawi zonse pamodzi ndi mwamuna wake, Richard Boninge. Limodzi ndi iye, iye anachita zambiri zojambulidwa zake. Opambana a iwo: "Anna Boleyn", "Mwana wamkazi wa Regiment", "Lucretia Borgia", "Lucia di Lammermoor", "Love Potion" ndi "Mary Stuart" ndi Donizetti; "Beatrice di Tenda", "Norma", "Puritanes" ndi "Sleepwalker" ndi Bellini; Rossini's Semiramide, Verdi's La Traviata, Huguenots ya Meyerbeer, Esclarmonde ya Massenet.

Woimbayo adapanga imodzi mwazojambula zake zabwino kwambiri mu opera ya Turandot ndi Zubin Meta. Kujambulira kwa opera kumeneku kuli m'gulu labwino kwambiri pakati pamitundu makumi atatu yaukadaulo wa Puccini. Sutherland, yemwe pagulu lonselo sali wofanana ndi gulu lamtunduwu, komwe kumafunikira mawu, nthawi zina kufika pankhanza, adakwanitsa kuwulula zatsopano za chithunzi cha Turandot pano. Zinakhala "kristalo" zambiri, zoboola komanso zopanda chitetezo. Kumbuyo kwa kuuma ndi mopambanitsa kwa mwana wamkazi, mzimu wake wovutika unayamba kumveka. Kuchokera apa, kusinthika kozizwitsa kwa kukongola kwa mtima wouma kukhala mkazi wachikondi kumakhala koyenera.

Nawa malingaliro a VV Timokhin:

"Ngakhale Sutherland sanaphunzirepo ku Italy ndipo analibe oyimba aku Italiya pakati pa aphunzitsi ake, wojambulayo adadzipangira dzina makamaka chifukwa cha kumasulira kwake kwabwino kwambiri pamasewera aku Italy azaka za zana la XNUMX. Ngakhale m'mawu enieni a Sutherland - chida chosowa, chokongola modabwitsa komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya timbre - otsutsa amapeza mikhalidwe yaku Italy: kunyezimira, kuwala kwadzuwa, juiciness, kunyezimira konyezimira. Phokoso la kaundula wake wapamwamba, momveka bwino, wowonekera komanso wasiliva, amafanana ndi chitoliro, kaundula wapakati, ndi kutentha kwake ndi kudzaza kwake, amapereka chithunzi cha kuyimba kwa soulful oboe, ndipo zolemba zofewa ndi zowoneka bwino zimawoneka kuti zimachokera ku cello. Kuchuluka kwa mithunzi yomveka yotereyi ndi chifukwa chakuti kwa nthawi yayitali Sutherland adachita koyamba ngati mezzo-soprano, kenako ngati soprano yochititsa chidwi, ndipo pomaliza ngati coloratura. Izi zinathandiza woimbayo kuti amvetsetse mwayi wonse wa mawu ake, adapereka chidwi chapadera ku kaundula wapamwamba, popeza poyamba malire a luso lake anali "mpaka" octave yachitatu; tsopano iye mosavuta ndi momasuka amatenga "fa".

Sutherland ali ndi mawu ake ngati virtuoso wathunthu ndi chida chake. Koma kwa iye palibe njira yodziwonetsera yokhayokha, zabwino zake zonse zovuta kwambiri zomwe adazipanga zimagwirizana ndi momwe amamvera, muzoimba zonse monga gawo lake lofunikira.