Livenskaya accordion: zikuchokera, mbiri, phokoso, ntchito

Harmonica adawonekera ku Russia m'zaka za m'ma 1830. Idabweretsedwa ndi oimba aku Germany m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX. Ambuye mumzinda wa Livny, m'chigawo cha Oryol, adakondana ndi chida ichi, koma sanakhutire ndi phokoso lake la monophonic. Pambuyo pa zomanganso zingapo, idakhala "ngale" pakati pa ma harmonicas a ku Russia, idawonetsedwa m'mabuku a olemba akulu achi Russia ndi olemba ndakatulo Yesenin, Leskov, Bunin, Paustovsky.

chipangizo

Mbali yaikulu ya Liven accordion ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha borins. Atha kukhala kuchokera ku 25 mpaka 40, pomwe mitundu ina ilibe makutu opitilira 16. Potambasula mvuto, kutalika kwa chidacho ndi mamita 2, koma kuchuluka kwa chipinda cha mpweya ndi kochepa, chifukwa chake kunatengera kuchuluka kwa borins.

Mapangidwewo alibe zomangira pamapewa. Woyimbayo amachigwira mwa kulowetsa chala chachikulu cha dzanja lake lamanja mu lupu pa khoma lakumbuyo la khosi la kiyibodi, ndipo amadutsa dzanja lake lamanzere kupyola lamba kumapeto kwa chivundikiro chakumanzere. Mumzere umodzi wa kiyibodi yakumanja, chipangizocho chili ndi mabatani 12-18, ndipo kumanzere kuli ma levers omwe, akakanikizidwa, amatsegula ma valve akunja.

M'zaka za kulengedwa kwa Liven harmonica, kusiyana kwake kunali kuti phokoso silinadalire kutambasula kwa ubweya kumalo enaake. M'malo mwake, ambuye a mzinda wa Livny adapanga chida choyambirira chomwe sichinafanane ndi mayiko ena.

History

Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, harmonica inali khadi yoyimbira yokhayo m'chigawo cha Oryol. Zing'onozing'ono ndi ubweya wautali, zokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera, zinadziwika mwamsanga.

Chidacho chinapangidwa mwa njira yamanja yokha ndipo chinali "chidutswa". Amisiri angapo adapanga mapangidwe amodzi nthawi imodzi. Ena amapanga zingwe ndi mvuvu, ena amapanga ma valve ndi zingwe. Kenako ambuye staplers adagula zigawozo ndikusonkhanitsa harmonica. Kusamba kunali kodula. Pa nthawiyo mtengo wake unali wofanana ndi mtengo wa ng’ombe.

Chisinthiko cha 1917 chisanachitike, chidacho chinatchuka kwambiri; anthu ochokera ku ma volost osiyanasiyana adabwera kuchigawo cha Oryol chifukwa cha izo. Amisiriwo sanagwirizane ndi zofunikira, mafakitale a Oryol, Tula, Petrograd ndi mizinda ina anaphatikizidwa pakupanga Liven accordion. Mtengo wa fakitale harmonica watsika kakhumi.

Kubwera kwa zida zowonjezereka, kutchuka kwa livenka kunazimiririka pang'onopang'ono, ambuye adasiya kupereka luso lawo kwa achinyamata, ndipo pakati pa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, munthu mmodzi yekha adatsalira ku Livny yemwe adasonkhanitsa accordion iyi.

Valentin, m'modzi mwa mbadwa za Livensky mmisiri Ivan Zanin, anayamba kukonzanso chidwi ndi chida. Anasonkhanitsa nyimbo zakale, nkhani, nthano zochokera kumidzi, kufunafuna makope osungidwa a zida zoyambirira. Valentin adapanganso gulu lomwe linapereka zoimbaimba m'dziko lonselo, zomwe zimayimba pawailesi ndi TV.

Kutsatizana kwa mawu

Poyamba, chipangizocho chinali ndi mawu amodzi, kenako ma harmonicas awiri ndi atatu adawonekera. Sikelo si yachilengedwe, koma yosakanikirana, yokhazikika mu kiyibodi ya dzanja lamanja. Kusiyanasiyana kumatengera kuchuluka kwa mabatani:

• Mabatani 12 amasinthidwa kuchokera ku "re" yoyamba mpaka "la" octaves;
• 14-batani - mu "re" dongosolo loyamba ndi "kuchita" lachitatu;
• 15-batani - kuchokera ku "la" yaying'ono kupita ku "la" ya octave yachiwiri.

Anthu adakondana kwambiri ndi livenka chifukwa cha mawu ake apadera, omwe amadziwika ndi kusefukira kwa nyimbo zaku Russia. M'mabasi, ankamveka ngati mapaipi ndi nyanga. Livenka anatsagana ndi anthu wamba mu mavuto ndi chimwemwe, maukwati, maliro, kupita kwa asilikali, maholide wowerengeka ndi zikondwerero sakanakhoza kuchita popanda iye.