Kodi mita ya ndakatulo ndi chiyani?

Mu ndakatulo za ku Russia, dongosolo la syllabic-tonic la versification, lomwe linayambitsidwa ndi dzanja lowala la Lomonosov ndi Trediakovsky, lavomerezedwa. Mwachidule: mu dongosolo la tonic, chiwerengero cha kupsyinjika mu mzere ndi chofunikira, ndipo dongosolo la syllabic limafuna kukhalapo kwa nyimbo.

Tisanaphunzire momwe tingadziwire mita ya ndakatulo, tiyeni tikumbukirenso tanthauzo la mawu ena. Kukula kwake kumadalira dongosolo la masinthidwe otsindikitsidwa komanso osakhazikika. Magulu a masilabi obwerezedwa mzere umodzi amakhala mapazi. Iwo amaona kukula kwa vesilo. Koma chiwerengero cha mapazi mu ndime imodzi (mzere) chidzasonyeza ngati kukula kwake ndi phazi limodzi, mapazi awiri, mapazi atatu, ndi zina zotero.

Tiyeni tiwone miyeso yotchuka kwambiri. Kukula kwa phazi kumatengera masilabulo angati omwe amapanga. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali syllable imodzi, phazi limakhalanso monosyllabic, ndipo ngati pali zisanu, ndiye kuti ndi syllable zisanu. Nthawi zambiri mu mabuku (ndakatulo) mungapeze awiri syllable (trochee ndi iambic) ndi atatu syllable (dactyl, amphibrach, anapest) mapazi.

Ma syllables awiri. Pali ma syllables awiri ndi mita imodzi.

Chorea - phazi lokhala ndi kupsinjika pa syllable yoyamba. Mawu ofanana omwe nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchula mtundu wa phazi ndi mawu akuti troche. MU imbic kutsindika pa sillable yachiwiri. Ngati mawuwo ndi aatali, ndiye kuti amatanthauzanso kupanikizika kwina.

Magwero a mawuwa ndi osangalatsa. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, m'malo mwa mtumiki wa mulungu wamkazi Demeter, Yambi, amene anaimba mokondwera nyimbo anamanga pa mita ya iambic. Kale ku Girisi, ndakatulo zamatsenga zokha zomwe zidalembedwa poyambirira mu iambic.

Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji iambic ndi trochee? Zovuta zitha kupewedwa mosavuta mukakonza mawuwo motsatira zilembo. "Trochee" imabwera poyamba, ndipo molingana ndi izi, kutsindika kwake kumakhala pa syllable yoyamba.

Pachithunzi chakumanja mukuwona chiwonetsero chazithunzi cha miyeso pogwiritsa ntchito manambala ndi zizindikiro, ndipo pansi palembali mutha kuwerenga zitsanzo za ndakatulo zokhala ndi miyeso yotere kuchokera ku zopeka. The mita trochaic bwino anasonyeza kwa ife ndi ndakatulo AS Pushkin "Ziwanda", ndipo tikhoza kupeza mapazi iambic kumayambiriro kwa buku lodziwika bwino mu ndime "Eugene Onegin".

Trisyllabic ndakatulo mita. Pali ma syllables atatu pa phazi, ndi nambala yofanana ya kukula kwake.

Dactyl - phazi lomwe syllable yoyamba imagogomezera, kenako awiri osakhazikika. Dzinali limachokera ku liwu lachi Greek lakuti dáktylos, lomwe limatanthauza "chala". Phazi la dactylic lili ndi ma syllables atatu ndipo chala chake chili ndi ma phalanges atatu. Kupangidwa kwa dactyl kumatchedwa mulungu Dionysus.

Amphibrachium (Greek amphibrachys - lalifupi kumbali zonse ziwiri) - phazi la syllables zitatu, kumene kupanikizika kumayikidwa pakati. Anapest (Greek anapaistos, mwachitsanzo, kuwonetsa kumbuyo) - phazi lokhala ndi kupsinjika pa silabi yomaliza. Pulogalamu: 001/001

Mawonekedwe a ma syllable metres atatu ndi osavuta kukumbukira pa chiganizo: "LADY amatseka chipata madzulo." Chidule cha DAMA chimayikamo mayina a kukula kwake: DActyl, AMFIBRACHY, Anapest. Ndipo mawu akuti “madzulo atseka chipata” akusonyeza kasinthasintha wa masilabo.

Pazitsanzo za zopeka zamamita a sillable atatu, onani chithunzi chomwe mukuwona pansi palembali. Dactyl ndi amphibrachium akuwonetsa ntchito za M.Yu. Lermontov "Mitambo" ndi "It Stands Lonely in the Wild North." Phazi la anapestic limapezeka mu ndakatulo ya A. Blok "To the Muse":

Mamita a polysyllabic amapangidwa pophatikiza mamita awiri kapena atatu osavuta (monga nyimbo). Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phazi zovuta, zodziwika kwambiri ndi peon ndi penton.

Peoni imakhala ndi silabo imodzi yotsindikizidwa ndi itatu yopanda kutsindika. Kutengera kuwerengera kwa syllable yotsindika, ma peons I, II, III ndi IV amasiyanitsidwa. Mu Russian versification, mbiri ya peon imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ophiphiritsira, omwe anaganiza kuti ndi mita ya syllable inayi.

Penton - phazi la masilabi asanu. Pali mitundu isanu ya izo: "Penton No.. (molingana ndi dongosolo la silabi yotsindika). Pentadolniki wotchuka AV Koltsov, ndi "Penton No. 3" amatchedwa "Koltsovsky". Monga chitsanzo cha "peon" tikhoza kutchula ndakatulo ya R. Rozhdestvensky "Moments", ndipo tikuwonetsa "pentone" ndi ndakatulo za A. Koltsov "Musapange phokoso, rye":

Kudziwa kuti mita ya ndakatulo ndi yotani sikofunikira kokha pakuwunika zolemba zamasukulu, komanso powasankha molondola polemba ndakatulo zanu. Kumveka bwino kwa nkhaniyo kumadalira kukula kwake. Pali lamulo limodzi lokha pano: masilabulo osatsindikitsidwa kwambiri paphazi, ndimeyi imamveka bwino. Si bwino kujambula nkhondo yothamanga mofulumira, mwachitsanzo, ndi penton: chithunzicho chidzawoneka ngati chikuyenda pang'onopang'ono.

Ndikukupemphani kuti mupume. Onerani kanema ndi nyimbo zokongola ndikulemba ndemanga zomwe mungatchule chida chachilendo chomwe mukuwona pamenepo?