limba limba: ndichiyani, zikuchokera zida, mfundo ntchito, mbiri

Kale kwambiri kusanayambe kuyimba piyano, anthu ankamvetsera nyimbo za hurdy-gurdy. Munthu amene anali ndi bokosilo anayenda mumsewu, natembenuza chogwiriracho ndipo khamu la anthu linasonkhana mozungulira. Zaka zambiri zidzadutsa, ndipo mfundo ya ntchito ya mbiya idzakhala maziko opangira makina atsopano, omwe adzatchedwa pianola.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo ya ntchito

Piyano ndi chida choimbira chomwe chimatulutsanso nyimbo pamfundo ya piyano pomenya makiyi ndi nyundo. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa piyano ndi piyano yowongoka ndikuti sikufuna kukhalapo kwa katswiri woimba kuimba. Phokoso limasewera zokha.

M'kati mwa chomangira kapena chipangizo chomangidwa ndi chodzigudubuza, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pake. Kukonzekera kwawo kumagwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya zolemba za chidutswa chomwe chikuchitidwa. Wodzigudubuza amayendetsedwa ndi chogwirira, ma protrusions amayenda motsatira nyundo, ndipo nyimbo imapezeka.

Mtundu wina wa nyimboyo, womwe unawonekera pambuyo pake, unagwira ntchito mofananamo, koma mphambuyo inalembedwa pa tepi ya pepala. Mpweya unkawomberedwa m’mabowo a tepi yokhomeredwayo, unkachita pa nyundo, zomwe, pa makiyi ndi zingwe.

Mbiri yakale

Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la XNUMX, masters adayamba kuyesa zida za piyanola kutengera momwe chiwalo chimagwirira ntchito. Pamaso pa pianola, harmonicon idawonekera, momwe ndodo pa bolodi yokhomedwa zidagwira makiyi. Pambuyo pake, woyambitsa wa ku France JA Mayeso adayambitsa dziko lapansi ku makatoni, pomwe thabwa lokhala ndi ndodo linasinthidwa ndi khadi lokhomeredwa ndi makina a pneumatic.

E. Votey amatengedwa kuti ndi amene anayambitsa piyano yamakina. Pianola yake ya 1895 idagwira ntchito mokakamizidwa ndi woyimba piyano pansi pa chidacho. Nyimbo zinkaimbidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala opangidwa ndi ma perforated. Mabowo pamapepala amangotanthauza zolemba zokha, panalibe mithunzi yamphamvu, palibe tempo. Kusiyana kwa piyano ndi limba pa nthawi imeneyo kunali kuti wakale sanafune kukhalapo kwa woimba yemwe ankadziwa zachilendo za ndodo zoimba.

Zida zoyamba zinali ndi kangaude kakang'ono, miyeso yayikulu. Anapatsidwa ntchito yoimba piyano, ndipo omvetsera anakhala mozungulira. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, adaphunzitsa kuyika kapangidwe kake mu piyano ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuyendetsa magetsi. Miyeso ya chipangizocho yakhala yocheperapo.

Olemba nyimbo otchuka anachita chidwi ndi chida chatsopanocho. Anasintha ntchito zawo kuti zigwirizane ndi piyano mwa kulemba zolembazo pamapepala. Pakati pa olemba otchuka kwambiri ndi S. Rachmaninov, I. Stravinsky.

Magalamafoni adadziwika kwambiri m'ma 30s. Anakhala ofala kwambiri ndipo mwamsanga analowetsa piyano yamakina. Pakupangidwa kwa makompyuta oyambirira, chidwi mwa iye chinayambiranso. Piyano ya digito yodziwika bwino idawonekera lero, kusiyana kwake komwe kuli mumagetsi amagetsi owerengera komanso kujambula mawu ojambulidwa pamagetsi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito piyano

Kupambana kwa zida zamakina kunabwera kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazi. Omvera ankafuna kusankha zidutswa zambiri, ndipo zofuna zinabala kupereka. Nyimboyi idakula, ma nocturnes a Chopin, ma symphonies a Beethoven komanso nyimbo za jazi zidapezeka. Milhaud, Stravinsky, Hindemith "adalemba" amagwira ntchito makamaka pa pianola.

Kuthamanga ndi kuphedwa kwa machitidwe ovuta kwambiri a rhythmic kunapezeka kwa chida, chomwe chinali chovuta kwa oimba "amoyo" kuchita. Pokomera piyano yamakina, Conlon Nancarrow adasankha, yemwe adalemba Etudes for a Mechanical Piano.

Kusiyana pakati pa piyano ndi piyanoforte kumatha kukankhira nyimbo "zamoyo" kumbuyo. Piyano inali yosiyana ndi piyano osati kokha chifukwa inafuna kukhalapo kwa woimba waluso. Ntchito zina zimafuna kuphunzira kwanthawi yayitali komanso luso la wosewera chifukwa chazovuta zake. Koma pakubwera magalamafoni, ma radiographs ndi matepi ojambulira, chida ichi chinaiwalika, sichinagwiritsidwenso ntchito, ndipo tsopano mukhoza kuchiwona m'nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale komanso m'magulu a ogulitsa zakale.