Microchromatic

Ndi mbali ziti zosangalatsa zomwe zakhalapo mu nyimbo kuyambira ku Greece wakale, koma sizidziwika kwa aliyense?

Microchromatic  ndi mtundu wapadera wa interval dongosolo la nyimbo. Zinasankhidwa ndikufotokozedwa ndi woimba wotchuka wa ku Russia komanso katswiri woimba nyimbo Yuri Kholopov. Lingaliro lofunikira la microchromatics ndi microinterval, ndiko kuti, nthawi, kukula kwake komwe kuli kochepa kuposa semitone. Choncho, pali microintervals kotala kamvekedwe, tretetone, sikisi toni, etc. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zinthu khola dongosolo phokoso. Pokhapokha, khutu losaphunzitsidwa silingathe kuwasiyanitsa, chifukwa chake limawawona ngati kusintha kwabodza kapena kosagwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake.

Microinterval: sitepe yovuta ya sikelo

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, ma microintervals amatha kuyesedwa molondola ndipo akhoza kuimiridwa ngati manambala. Ndipo ngati tikukamba za kutalika kwa microchromatics, ndiye kuti zinthu zake, monga diatonic ndi chromatic intervals, zimakhala ndi mutu wathunthu wa mgwirizano.

Ngakhale zili choncho, dongosolo la notation silinapangidwe la ma microintervals mpaka lero. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, olemba payekha amayesabe kujambula nyimbo zomwe zinapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito microchromatic pazitsulo za mizere isanu. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ma intervals ang'onoang'ono sanafotokozedwe ngati masitepe odziyimira pawokha, koma ngati kusintha kwa ma microtonal, omwe angangotanthauzidwa ngati kuchuluka chakuthwa kapena kutsika kwapansi.

Zakale za mbiriyakale

Zimadziwika kuti ma microchromatic intervals amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo zakale zachi Greek. Komabe, kale m'mabuku oimba a Ptolemy ndi Nikomachus kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya Ufumu wa Roma, mafotokozedwe awo adachitika osati kuti amvetsetse, koma monga msonkho ku mwambo, popanda kutanthauza ntchito yeniyeni. M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, machitidwe apakati anali ophweka kwambiri, ngakhale akatswiri ena amafotokozera nyimbo za nyimbo motsatira mwambo wakale wachi Greek.

Pochita, ma micro-chromatics adayambanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu Renaissance, makamaka ndi oimba monga John Hotby, Marchetto wa Padua ndi Nicola Vicentino. Komabe, chisonkhezero chawo mu sayansi ya nyimbo za ku Ulaya chinali chochepa. Palinso zoyeserera zina zokhala ndi ma microintervals. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi ntchito ya Guillaume Cotelet "Seigneur Dieu ta pitié", yolembedwa mu 1558 ndikuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kwa microchromatics.

Chothandizira chachikulu pakukula kwa microchromatics chinapangidwa ndi woimba wa ku Italy Ascanio Maione, yemwe, molamulidwa ndi katswiri wa zachilengedwe Fabio Colonna, analemba masewero angapo a enharmonic. Ntchito izi, lofalitsidwa mu 1618 ku Naples, ankayenera kusonyeza luso Lynche sambuca kiyibodi chida chimene Colonna anali kupanga.

Microchromatics mu 20 - koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 21

M'zaka za m'ma 20, ma microchromatics anachititsa chidwi oimba ndi olemba nyimbo ambiri. Ena mwa iwo ndi A. Lurie, A. Ogolevets, A. Khaba, A. Fokker, etc. Koma wolemba nyimbo wa ku Russia Arseniy Avraamov, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri, anatha kugwirizanitsa nyimbo za microchromatic ndi zamagetsi muzochita. Chiphunzitso chatsopanocho chinatchedwa ultrachromatic.

Koma mmodzi wa microchromatist yogwira kwambiri anali Ivan Vyshnegradsky. Talente yake ndi ya ntchito zingapo mu mtundu wa duet ya piyano, pomwe chida chimodzi chidalira kotala kotala kuposa chinacho. Wolemba nyimbo wa ku Czechoslovakia A. Haba nayenso anagwiritsira ntchito mwamphamvu chiphunzitso cha microchromatics. Mu 1931, iye analenga wotchuka padziko lonse opera "Amayi", amene ndi kotala kamvekedwe.

M'zaka za m'ma 1950, injiniya waku Russia E. Murzin adapanga ANS optoelectronic synthesizer momwe octave iliyonse idagawidwa kukhala 72 (!) Equal microintervals. Zaka khumi pambuyo pake, mwayi wa chida chodabwitsachi unaphunziridwa mozama ndi A. Volokonsky, A. Schnittke, S. Gubaidulina, E. Denisov, S. Kreichi ndi ena. E. Artemyev adapeza ntchito kwa iye - ndiye amene analemba nyimbo za "space" za filimu yotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse ya Solaris.

Nyimbo zaposachedwa zamaphunziro zimagwiritsa ntchito ma microchromatics mwachangu. Koma owerengeka okha mwa olembawo amagwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha microintervals muzochita - awa ndi M. Levinas, T. Murai, R. Mazhulis, Br. Ferneyhoy, etc. Ndizosangalatsanso kuti ndi chitukuko cha njira zatsopano zosewera ndi kutsitsimula masukulu a zida zakale zoimbira, chidwi chapafupi nthawi zonse chimaperekedwa kwa microchromatics.

Results

Tsopano mukudziwa za microchromatics - zomwe ziri, pamene izo zinawonekera ndi momwe "zinapulumukira" m'mbiri ya nyimbo.