Nyimbo zachingerezi: mzimu wosasintha wamwambo

English wowerengeka nyimbo monga mbali ya English folklore anapangidwa mchikakamizo cha zochitika mbiri ya nyengo zosiyanasiyana, miyambo miyambo ndi zokongoletsa zokonda za anthu a m'madera ena a dziko.

Nthano za Chingerezi zimayambira mu nthano za anthu omwe mtundu wa Chingerezi unakhazikitsidwa - Angles, Saxons, Jutes, komanso mafuko a Celtic ndi Germany. Kuyandikira kwa Ireland, Wales, ndi Scotland sikukanangowoneka kokha pakufanana kwa zolinga ndi kugwirizana kwa mitu ndi zilembo za nthano za mayikowa ndi luso lachingerezi.

Mitu ndi otchulidwa mu English folklore

Kodi komanso ndani amayimba za nyimbo zamtundu waku England? Tiyeni titchule zithunzi zazikulu zingapo:

• Chimodzi mwa zilembo zapakati pa epic English ndi mfumu Arthur - mtsogoleri wodziwika bwino wa Britons polimbana ndi ogonjetsa. Palibe umboni wosatsutsika wa kukhalapo kwake m'mbiri, koma nthano zambiri ndi nthano za iye ndi asilikali ake olimba mtima pa tebulo lozungulira akhala mbali yofunika kwambiri ya nthano za Chingerezi.
• ngwazi wina wa English ballads ndi nthano, zenizeni za amene kukhalapo akadali kutsutsana, ndi Robin nyumba - mtsogoleri wotchuka wa achifwamba omwe adabera olemera ku Sherwood Forest ndikupereka katundu kwa osauka ndi osowa.
• Kuphatikiza apo, nthano zachingerezi, komanso zaku Scottish, zadzaza ndi zodabwitsa zambiri otchulidwa nthano - mizimu, mizukwa, ziwanda, brownies, dragons ndi zolengedwa zina zanthano. Omalizawa akuphatikizapo elves, troll, cannibals, mfiti.

Choncho, nthano, monga lamulo, zimawunikira kulimba mtima kwankhondo yomenyera ufulu kapena zithunzi zachikondi za oteteza olemekezeka a gulu loponderezedwa, komanso zimabalanso zikhulupiriro zachikunja ndi nthano za Chikhristu chisanayambe m'mbiri ya England.

Mitundu yanyimbo za nyimbo zachingerezi ndi mawonekedwe awo

Mwanthawi, kulekanitsidwa kwa nyimbo zachikhalidwe zaku England ngati chikhalidwe chosiyana kumagwirizana ndi kubwera kwa ma Angles pazilumba m'zaka za zana la XNUMX AD. e. Popeza kunalibe nyimbo zojambulira panthawiyo, tili ndi lingaliro lodziwika bwino la mawonekedwe ndi zomwe zili mu nyimbo zachingerezi zoyambirira. Pambuyo pake, pamaziko a nyimbo zachingerezi zachikhalidwe, mitundu monga carol, jig, shanti, hornpipe idapangidwa.

Carol pakali pano kugwirizana ndi nyimbo ya Khirisimasi, ngakhale kuti m'malo osiyanasiyana a mtundu uwu ndi wokulirapo kwambiri: akhoza kukhala osakaniza a dziko ndi auzimu, kapena otchedwa paraliturgical chants, amene amagwiritsa ntchito nkhani za m'Baibulo ndi malemba osakhala ovomerezeka ndi ulemerero wa Yesu Khristu. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zakumwa zambiri, zoyimba, nyimbo za ana mumtundu wa carol.

Imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya nyimbo zachingerezi ndi ballad. M'mbiri yakale, ma ballads ankaimba za ngwazi zadziko (mwachitsanzo, King Arthur kapena Robin Hood) ndipo anali ndi chiwembu chofotokozera m'malo okondana. Balladi, monga nyimbo ya carol, idapangidwa koyambirira kuphatikiza ndi kuvina kozungulira (kuvina kozungulira) ndipo pambuyo pake idasinthidwa ngati mtundu wanyimbo wodziyimira pawokha.

Nyanja nyimbo nyimbo Poyambirira, iwo anali ndi zolinga ziŵiri: kugwirizanitsa mayendedwe a amalinyero akamagwira ntchito iriyonse ya sitima yapamadzi ndi kumveketsa mpumulo wotopetsa ndi wotopetsa pambuyo pa ntchito yolimba. Nyimbo zamtundu uwu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kutsindika kwa mawu ena, pomwe oyendetsa sitimayo adayesetsa kuchita chimodzimodzi (mwachitsanzo, chingwe cha chingwe).

"Manja obiriwira" kapena "Manja obiriwira" - imodzi mwa nyimbo zodziwika bwino zachingerezi zomwe zabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Middle Ages. Nyimbo yodabwitsa komanso yolodza imagwetsa omvera m'nthawi ya akatswiri ankhondo amphamvu ndi madona okongola. Mlembi wa nyimboyi nthawi zina amaperekedwa kwa Mfumu Henry VIII, yemwe akuti adayipereka kwa wokondedwa wake Anne Boleyn. Tiyeni timvetsere ndi kukumbukira nyimboyi.

Mitundu yovina ya nyimbo zachingerezi ndi mawonekedwe ake

Dzina lake ndi Chingerezi wamba jig dance anabwereka ku violin yaying'ono, pomwe nyimbo zotsatizana nazo zidachitika. Kuthamanga kwachangu mu kukula kwa 12/8 kumachitidwa, monga lamulo, ndi amuna omwe ali pamzere umodzi, akuyimira khoma la linga. Kuvina kwachikazi kochulukirapo kumachitika mu 9/8 nthawi ndipo kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito nsapato zofewa, zotanuka. Njira ya jig imakhala ndi kudumpha, ma pirouette, ndi masiladi omwe amachitidwa mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa kuvina.

Kuvina kwina kwachingerezi - nyanga amatchulidwa ndi chida china choyimba - mphepo yaku Scottish ndipo ili ndi mitundu ingapo, yomwe ili yotchuka kwambiri ndi Rickets Hornpipe ndi The Ladies Hornpipe. Imachitidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo imadziwika ndi kugwedezeka kwa akakolo. Poyamba amachitidwa ndi amuna okha, masiku ano amapezekanso kwa amayi.

Dansi Morris (kapena kuvina ndi malupanga) kunalinso koyambirira kochitidwa ndi amuna okha ndipo kunali mtundu wa zochitika zoperekedwa ku chikondwerero cha May Day. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti kuvina kunayambira kuchikunja ndipo kunayambira pa miyambo yakale. Amachitidwa motsatizana ndi nyimbo za bagpipes ndi ng'oma. Anthu ambiri achingerezi amakhulupirirabe kuti kuvina kwa Morris kumabweretsa mwayi kwa omvera komanso ochita masewera.

Zida zoimbira zachingerezi

Nthawi zosiyanasiyana zamakedzana zidapangitsa kuti zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito poyimba nyimbo zachingerezi zikhale ndi zitsanzo zomwe zidapangitsa kuti phokosolo likhale loyambirira komanso loyambirira.

Chimodzi mwa izo ndi lute, chida choduliridwa ndi zingwe chomwe chinachokera ku chikhalidwe cha Aarabu m'Chingelezi. Poyamba, lute anali ndi zingwe 4-5, mu Baibulo lamakono chida akhoza kukhala ndi zingwe 35, choncho mawonekedwe ake asintha.

Chida china choimbira chachikhalidwe cha anthu ku England ndi chotchedwa dulcimer (kapena zinganga) - chida choimbira cha zingwe choyikidwa pa choyimbira kutsogolo kwa woimba yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito nyundo zapadera kuti atulutse mawu.

Nthawi zambiri, poimba nyimbo zachingerezi, zeze, lipenga, maseche, shawm (mtundu wa oboe), hurdy gurdy (kapena hurdy gurdy), violin ndi zitoliro zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Nyimbo zachingerezi lero

Chothandizira chachikulu pakukhazikitsa miyambo yachingerezi komanso kusunga cholowa cha chikhalidwe chinapangidwa ndi Cecil James Sharp (1859-1924). Mphunzitsi wachingerezi uyu komanso katswiri wanyimbo adatha kukonza zinthu zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa ndi magulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikusonkhanitsa nyimbo zamitundu yambiri ndi ma ballads apadera. Otsatira a Sharpe anapitiriza ntchito yake. Masiku ano, chidwi cha nyimbo zachingerezi chimasungidwa kudzera m'zikondwerero zamtundu wa anthu, komanso kulowa kwa zolemba zamtundu wamakono mu nyimbo zamakono.

Wolemba - Igor Svetlichenko