Modulation |

ku lat. modulatio - kuyeza

Kusintha kwa kiyi ndi kusintha kwa tonal center (tonics). Mu cholowa cha nyimbo, chodziwika bwino chogwira ntchito M., chozikidwa pa haronic. ubale wa makiyi: nyimbo zomwe zimafanana ndi makiyi zimakhala ngati mkhalapakati; pamene nyimbozi zizindikirika, ntchito zawo zimawunikidwanso. Kulingalira mopambanitsa kumachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a ma harmonics. kutembenuka, mawonekedwe a kiyi yatsopano, ndi kusintha kosinthika kofananako kumakhala kofunikira:

Kusinthasintha kudzera mu utatu wamba ndi kotheka ngati kiyi yatsopanoyo ili mu digiri yoyamba kapena 1 yolumikizana ndi yoyambirira (onani. Ubale wa makiyi). M. m'makiyi akutali omwe alibe katatu wamba amapangidwa kudzera m'makiyi ogwirizana (malinga ndi dongosolo limodzi kapena lina losinthira):

M. naz. kupangidwa bwino ndi kukonza komaliza kapena wachibale wa tonic yatsopano (M. - kusintha). Kupanda ungwiro M. kumaphatikizapo kupatuka (ndi kubwerera ku fungulo lalikulu) ndi kudutsa M. (ndi kusuntha kwina kosintha).

Mtundu wapadera wa magwiridwe antchito M. ndi enharmonic M. (onani Enharmonism), momwe cholumikizira cholumikizira chimakhala chofala ku makiyi onse awiri chifukwa cha enharmonic. kupendanso kapangidwe kake ka modal. Kusinthasintha kotereku kumatha kulumikiza ma tonali akutali kwambiri, ndikupanga kutembenuka kosayembekezereka, makamaka ngati anharmonic. kusintha kwa chord chachisanu ndi chiwiri chachikulu kukhala subdominant yosinthidwa:

F. Schubert. Chingwe Quintet op. 163, gawo II.

Melodic-harmonic M. iyenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi magwiridwe antchito a M., omwe amalumikiza ma tonali ndi mawu odzitsogolera okha popanda cholumikizira wamba. Ndi M., chromatism imapangidwa moyandikana kwambiri, pomwe kulumikizana kogwira ntchito kumatsitsidwa kumbuyo:

The kwambiri khalidwe melodic-harmonic. M. m'makiyi akutali popanda kulumikizana kulikonse. Pankhaniyi, anharmonism yongopeka nthawi zina imapangidwa, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba nyimbo pofuna kupewa kuchuluka kwa zilembo mu kiyi yofanana ya anharmonic:

Mu kayendedwe ka monophonic (kapena octave), melodic M. (popanda mgwirizano) nthawi zina imapezeka, yomwe imatha kupita ku kiyi iliyonse:

L. Beethoven. Sonata wa piano op. 7, gawo II

M. popanda kukonzekera kulikonse, ndi chivomerezo chachindunji cha tonic yatsopano, yotchedwa. kuphatikiza kwa ma toni. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polowera kugawo latsopano la fomu, koma nthawi zina amapezeka mkati mwa nyumba:

MI Glinka. Romance "Ndili pano, Inezilla". Mapu osinthika (kusintha kuchokera ku G-dur kupita ku H-dur).

Kuchokera ku tonal M. yomwe takambirana pamwambapa, m'pofunika kusiyanitsa modal M., momwe, popanda kusuntha tonic, kusintha kokha mumayendedwe a mode mu fungulo lomwelo limachitika.

Kusintha kuchokera ku zazing'ono kupita ku zazikulu ndizodziwika kwambiri pamayendedwe a IS Bach:

JC Bach. The Well-Tempered Clavier, vol. Ine, yambitsani mu d-moll

Kusintha kosinthika nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuphatikizika kwa ma tonic triad, kutsindika mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono amtundu wamtunduwu:

L. Beethoven. Sonata wa piano op. 27 No 2, gawo I.

M. ali ndi mawu ofunikira kwambiri. tanthauzo mu nyimbo. Amalemeretsa nyimbo ndi kugwirizana, amabweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, amakulitsa kulumikizana kwa nyimbo, ndikuthandizira kusinthika kwa ma muses. chitukuko, generalization yotakata ya zaluso. zomwe zili. Pakukulitsa ma modulation, kulumikizana kogwira ntchito kwa ma tonali kumapangidwa. Udindo wa M. popanga nyimbo ndi wofunika kwambiri. ntchito yonse komanso mogwirizana ndi zigawo zake. Njira zosiyanasiyana za M. zidapangidwa m'mbiri yakale. chitukuko cha mgwirizano. Komabe, kale monophonic wakale Nar. nyimbo ndi melodic. kusinthasintha, kuwonetsedwa pakusintha kwamitundu yofananira (onani Zosintha). Njira zosinthira nthawi zambiri zimadziwika ndi mithunzi imodzi kapena ina. kalembedwe.

Zothandizira: Rimsky-Korsakov HA, Buku lothandiza la mgwirizano, 1886, 1889 (mu Poln. sobr. soch., vol. IV, M., 1960); Njira yothandiza mogwirizana, vol. 1-2, M., 1934-35 (Wolemba: I. Sopin, I. Dubovsky, S. Yevseev, V. Sokolov); Tyulin Yu. N., Textbook of harmony, M., 1959, 1964; Zolochevsky VH, Pro-modulation, Kipp, 1972; Riemann H., Systematische Modulationslehre als Grundlage der musikalischen Formenlehre, Hamb., 1887 (mu kumasulira kwa Chirasha - Kuphunzitsa mwadongosolo kusinthasintha monga maziko a mitundu ya nyimbo, M., 1898, Nov. ed., M., 1929) .

Yu. N. Tyulin