Chikhalidwe cha nyimbo zachikondi: zokometsera, mitu, mitundu ndi chilankhulo chanyimbo

Zweig anali wolondola: Europe sinawone m'badwo wabwino kwambiri ngati wachikondi kuyambira nthawi ya Renaissance. Zithunzi zodabwitsa za dziko lamaloto, malingaliro amaliseche ndi chikhumbo cha uzimu wapamwamba - iyi ndi mitundu yomwe imajambula chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za chikondi.

Kuwonekera kwa romanticism ndi kukongola kwake

Pamene kusintha kwa maindasitale kunali kuchitika ku Ulaya, ziyembekezo zoikidwa pa Kuukira Kwakukulu kwa ku France zinaphwanyidwa m’mitima ya Azungu. Chipembedzo cha kulingalira, cholengezedwa ndi Age of Enlightenment, chinagwetsedwa. Chipembedzo cha kumverera ndi mfundo yachilengedwe mwa munthu yakwera mpaka pansi.

Umu ndi momwe chikondi chimawonekera. Mu chikhalidwe cha nyimbo idakhalapo kwa zaka zopitilira zana (1800-1910), pomwe m'magawo ofananirako (zojambula ndi zolemba) nthawi yake idatha zaka makumi asanu zapitazo. Mwina nyimbo ndi "zolakwa" pa izi - zinali nyimbo zomwe zinali pamwamba pa zaluso pakati pa okondana monga zauzimu komanso zaulere kwambiri.

Komabe, okondana, mosiyana ndi oimira akale ndi classicism, sanapange utsogoleri wotsogola wa zaluso ndi magawano ake momveka bwino mu mitundu ndi mitundu. Njira yachikondi inali yapadziko lonse; zaluso zitha kusinthika momasuka wina ndi mnzake. Lingaliro la kaphatikizidwe ka zaluso linali limodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pachikhalidwe chanyimbo chachikondi.

Ubale umenewu unakhudzanso magulu a aesthetics: zokongola zinaphatikizidwa ndi zonyansa, zapamwamba ndi maziko, zomvetsa chisoni ndi comic. Kusintha kotereku kunalumikizidwa ndi kuseketsa kwachikondi, komwe kumawonetsanso chithunzi chapadziko lonse lapansi.

Chilichonse chomwe chinali chokhudzana ndi kukongola chinali ndi tanthauzo latsopano pakati pa okondana. Chilengedwe chinakhala chinthu cholambiridwa, wojambulayo anapembedzedwa monga munthu wapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo malingaliro anali kukwezedwa pa kulingalira.

Zoona zopanda mzimu zinali zosiyana ndi maloto, okongola koma osatheka. Wokondana, mothandizidwa ndi malingaliro ake, adamanga dziko lake latsopano, mosiyana ndi zenizeni zina.

Ndi mitu iti yomwe akatswiri okonda kukondana adasankha?

Zokonda za okondana zidawonetsedwa bwino pakusankha mitu yomwe adasankha muzojambula.

• Mutu wa kusungulumwa. Munthu wanzeru kwambiri kapena munthu wosungulumwa pakati pa anthu - izi zinali mitu yayikulu pakati pa olemba a nthawi ino ("Chikondi cha ndakatulo" ndi Schumann, "Popanda Dzuwa" ndi Mussorgsky).
• Mutu wa "chivomerezo chanyimbo". M'mawu ambiri a oimba achikondi pali kukhudza kwa mbiri ya moyo ("Carnival" ndi Schumann, "Symphony Fantastique" ndi Berlioz).
• Nkhani zachikondi. Kwenikweni, uwu ndi mutu wa chikondi chosavomerezeka kapena chomvetsa chisoni, koma osati kwenikweni ("Chikondi ndi Moyo wa Mkazi" ndi Schumann, "Romeo ndi Juliet" ndi Tchaikovsky).
• Mutu wa Njira. Amatchedwanso mutu wa kuyendayenda. Moyo wachikondi, wosweka ndi zotsutsana, unali kufunafuna njira yake ("Harold ku Italy" ndi Berlioz, "Zaka Zoyendayenda" ndi Liszt).
• Mutu wa imfa. Kwenikweni inali imfa yauzimu (Sixth Symphony ya Tchaikovsky, Winterreise ya Schubert).
• Mutu wa chilengedwe. Chilengedwe pamaso pa chikondi ndi amayi oteteza, ndi bwenzi lachifundo, ndi chilango cha chilango ("The Hebrides" ndi Mendelssohn, "In Central Asia" ndi Borodin). Chipembedzo cha dziko lakwawo (polonaises ndi ballads of Chopin) chikugwirizananso ndi mutuwu.
• Nkhani zongopeka. Dziko lolingalira la okondana linali lolemera kwambiri kuposa lenileni ("The Magic Shooter" ndi Weber, "Sadko" ndi Rimsky-Korsakov).

Mitundu yanyimbo yanthawi Yachikondi

Chikhalidwe cha nyimbo zachikondi chinapereka chilimbikitso ku chitukuko cha mitundu ya nyimbo zoimba nyimbo za chipinda: ("The Forest King" ndi Schubert), ("The Maiden of the Lake" lolemba Schubert) ndipo, nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa mu "Myrtles" ndi Schumann. ).

sichinasiyanitsidwe kokha ndi chikhalidwe chosangalatsa cha chiwembucho, komanso ndi kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa mawu, nyimbo ndi zochitika za siteji. Opera ikuyimbidwa ndi symphonized. Zokwanira kukumbukira "Ring of the Nibelungs" ya Wagner ndi maukonde ake opangidwa ndi leitmotifs.

Pakati pa zida zoimbira, chikondi chimasiyanitsidwa. Kuti apereke chithunzi chimodzi kapena kamphindi kakang'ono, sewero lalifupi ndilokwanira kwa iwo. Ngakhale kukula kwake, seweroli limatulutsa mawu. Itha kukhala (monga Mendelssohn), kapena kusewera ndi mitu yamapulogalamu ("The Rush" lolemba Schumann).

Monga nyimbo, masewero nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa m'magulu ("Agulugufe" ndi Schumann). Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mbali za kuzungulira, zosiyana kwambiri, nthawi zonse zimapanga nyimbo imodzi chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa nyimbo.

A Romantics ankakonda nyimbo zamapulogalamu, zomwe zimaphatikiza ndi zolemba, zojambula kapena zaluso zina. Choncho, chiwembu mu ntchito zawo nthawi zambiri ankalamulira mawonekedwe. Sonatas wamtundu umodzi (Liszt's B minor sonata), ma concerto amodzi (Liszt's First Piano Concerto) ndi ndakatulo za symphonic (Liszt's Preludes), ndi symphony yamagulu asanu (Symphony Fantastique ya Berlioz).

Chilankhulo chanyimbo cha oimba achikondi

Kaphatikizidwe ka zaluso, zolemekezedwa ndi okondana, zidakhudza njira zowonetsera nyimbo. Nyimboyi yakhala yapayekha, yokhudzika ndi ndakatulo za mawu, ndipo zotsatizanazi zasiya kusalowerera ndale komanso mawonekedwe ake.

Chigwirizanocho chinalemeretsedwa ndi mitundu yomwe sichinachitikepo kuti ifotokoze za zochitika za ngwazi yachikondi. Chifukwa chake, mawu achikondi a languor adapereka malingaliro osinthika omwe amawonjezera kukangana. Romantics ankakonda zotsatira za chiaroscuro, pamene chachikulu chinasinthidwa ndi chaching'ono cha dzina lomwelo, ndi zolembera za masitepe am'mbali, ndi kufananitsa kokongola kwa tonalities. Zotsatira zatsopano zidapezekanso m'njira zachilengedwe, makamaka pakafunika kuwonetsa mzimu wa anthu kapena zithunzi zabwino kwambiri mu nyimbo.

Nthawi zambiri, nyimbo ya okondana inayesetsa kupitirizabe chitukuko, kukana kubwerezabwereza kulikonse, kupeŵa katchulidwe ka mawu komanso kupuma momveka bwino pazifukwa zake zonse. Ndipo kapangidwe kake kakhala kofunikira kwambiri kotero kuti gawo lake limafanana ndi gawo la nyimbo.

Mvetserani zomwe mazurka Chopin ali nazo!

M'malo momaliza

Chikhalidwe cha nyimbo chachikondi chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19 ndi 20 chidakumana ndi zizindikiro zoyamba zamavuto. Mtundu wanyimbo wa "ufulu" unayamba kusweka, mgwirizano unagonjetsa nyimbo, malingaliro apamwamba a moyo wachikondi adalowa m'malo mwa mantha opweteka ndi zilakolako zapansi.

Zinthu zowononga izi zidathetsa Romanticism ndikutsegula njira ya Modernism. Koma, zitatha monga gulu, chikondi chinapitirizabe kukhala mu nyimbo za m'zaka za zana la 20 ndi nyimbo za m'zaka za zana lino mu zigawo zake zosiyanasiyana. Blok analondola pamene ananena kuti chikondi chimayamba “m’nyengo zonse za moyo wa munthu.”