Herman Galynin |

Herman Galynin

Ndine wokondwa komanso wonyadira kuti Herman ankandichitira zabwino, chifukwa ndinali ndi mwayi womudziwa komanso kuonera maluwa a luso lake lalikulu. Kuchokera mu kalata ya D. Shostakovich

Ntchito ya G. Galynin ndi imodzi mwa masamba owala kwambiri a nyimbo za Soviet pambuyo pa nkhondo. Cholowa chomwe adasiya ndi chaching'ono, ntchito zazikuluzikulu ndi gawo la kwaya, nyimbo za concerto-symphonic ndi chamber-instrumental: oratorio "The Girl and Death" (1950-63), 2 concertos for limba ndi orchestra ( 1946, 1965), "Epic Poem "for symphony orchestra (1950), Suite for string orchestra (1949), 2 quartets (1947, 1956), Piano trio (1948), Suite for piano (1945).

N’zosavuta kuona kuti ntchito zambiri zinalembedwa m’zaka zisanu za 1945-50. Ndi nthawi yochuluka bwanji tsoka loipa anapereka Galynin kwa zilandiridwenso. M'malo mwake, zonse zofunika kwambiri pa cholowa chake zidapangidwa m'zaka zake za ophunzira. Pazokhazokha zonse, mbiri ya moyo wa Galynin ndi khalidwe la aluntha latsopano Soviet, mbadwa ya anthu, amene anatha kulowa utali wa chikhalidwe cha dziko.

Mwana wamasiye yemwe anataya makolo ake oyambirira (bambo ake anali antchito ku Tula), ali ndi zaka 12, Galynin anakakhala ku nyumba ya ana amasiye, yomwe inalowa m'malo mwa banja lake. Kale panthawiyo, luso lapadera la luso la mnyamatayo linawonekera: adajambula bwino, anali wofunikira kwambiri pamasewero a zisudzo, koma koposa zonse adakopeka ndi nyimbo - adadziwa zida zonse za zida zamtundu wa ana amasiye, olembedwa ndi anthu. nyimbo kwa iye. Wobadwa mu chikhalidwe ichi wachifundo, ntchito yoyamba ya wopeka wamng'ono - "March" kwa limba anakhala ngati chiphaso ku sukulu ya nyimbo ku Moscow Conservatory. Nditaphunzira kwa chaka chimodzi ku dipatimenti yokonzekera, mu 1938 Galynin analembetsa maphunziro aakulu.

M'malo ochita bwino kwambiri pasukuluyi, komwe adalumikizana ndi oimba odziwika bwino - I. Sposobin (mgwirizano) ndi G. Litinsky (wolemba), talente ya Galynin idayamba kukula ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa komanso mwachangu - sizinali zachabe zomwe ophunzira anzawo adaziwona. iye wamkulu luso ulamuliro. Nthawi zonse amasirira zonse zatsopano, zosangalatsa, zodabwitsa, nthawi zonse kukopa abwenzi ndi anzake, m'zaka za sukulu Galynin ankakonda kwambiri limba ndi zisudzo nyimbo. Ndipo ngati piano sonatas ndi zoyambira zikuwonetsa chisangalalo chaunyamata, kumasuka komanso kuchenjera kwa malingaliro a wopeka wachinyamatayo, ndiye kuti nyimbo za M. Cervantes "The Salamanca Cave" ndizochita chidwi kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe akuthwa, chiwonetsero cha chisangalalo cha moyo. .

Zomwe zidapezeka koyambirira kwa njirayo zidapitirizidwa m'ntchito yopitilira ya Galynin - makamaka m'makonsati a piyano komanso munyimbo za sewero lanthabwala la J. Fletcher The Taming of the Tamer (1944). Kale m'zaka za sukulu, aliyense adadabwa ndi kalembedwe ka "Galynin" kamene kamayimba piyano, chodabwitsa kwambiri chifukwa sanaphunzire mwadongosolo luso la piyano. "Pansi pa zala zake, chirichonse chinakhala chachikulu, cholemera, chowonekera ... Woyimba piyano ndi mlengi pano, titero kunena kwake, ophatikizidwa kukhala chinthu chimodzi," akukumbukira wophunzira mnzake wa Galynin A. Kholminov.

Mu 1941, wophunzira wa chaka choyamba wa Moscow Conservatory, Galynin, anadzipereka kutsogolo, koma ngakhale pano sanasiyane ndi nyimbo - anatsogolera ntchito ankachita masewera luso, analemba nyimbo, maguba, ndi kwaya. Patangotha ​​zaka 3 adabwerera ku kalasi ya N. Myaskovsky, ndiyeno - chifukwa cha matenda ake - adasamutsira ku kalasi ya D. Shostakovich, yemwe adawona kale talente ya wophunzira watsopano.

Zaka za Conservatory - nthawi ya mapangidwe a Galynin monga munthu ndi woimba, talente yake ikupita patsogolo. Nyimbo zabwino kwambiri za nthawiyi - First Piano Concerto, First String Quartet, Piano Trio, Suite for Strings - nthawi yomweyo zidakopa chidwi cha omvera ndi otsutsa. Zaka za maphunziro zimavekedwa korona ndi ntchito ziwiri zazikulu za wolemba - oratorio "Mtsikana ndi Imfa" (pambuyo pa M. Gorky) ndi oimba "Epic Poem", yomwe posakhalitsa inakhala yojambula kwambiri ndipo inapatsidwa Mphotho ya Boma mu 2.

Koma Galynin anali kale ndi matenda aakulu, ndipo sanamulole kuti awulule luso lake. Zaka zotsatira za moyo wake, adalimbana ndi matendawa molimba mtima, akuyesera kupereka mphindi iliyonse yomwe adalandidwa kuchokera kwa iye kupita ku nyimbo zomwe amakonda. Umu ndi momwe Quartet Yachiwiri, Concerto Yachiwiri ya Piano, Concerto grosso ya piano solo, Aria for Violin ndi String Orchestra idawuka, sonatas zoyambirira za piyano ndi oratorio "Mtsikana ndi Imfa" zidasinthidwa. chochitika mu moyo wanyimbo wa 60s.

Galynin anali wojambula weniweni waku Russia, wokhala ndi malingaliro akuya, akuthwa komanso amakono a dziko lapansi. Monga mu umunthu wake, ntchito za woimbayo zimakopa chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi, thanzi labwino, zonse zomwe zili mkati mwake zimakhala zazikulu, zowoneka bwino, zofunikira. Nyimbo za Galynin ndizokhazikika m'malingaliro, malingaliro omveka bwino omveka bwino, mawu osangalatsa amakhazikitsidwa ndi nthabwala zotsekemera komanso mawu ofewa, oletsa. Chikhalidwe cha dziko la zilandiridwenso chikusonyezedwa ndi melodism ya nyimbo, nyimbo yaikulu, "clumsy" dongosolo la mgwirizano ndi orchestration, zomwe zimabwerera ku "zolakwika" za Mussorgsky. Kuyambira masitepe oyambirira a njira ya Galynin yolemba nyimbo, nyimbo zake zinakhala chinthu chodziwika bwino cha chikhalidwe cha Soviet, "chifukwa," malinga ndi E. Svetlanov, "kukumana ndi nyimbo za Galynin nthawi zonse kumakhala kukumana ndi kukongola komwe kumalemeretsa munthu, monga chirichonse. wokongola kwenikweni mu luso ".

G. Zhdanova