John Barbirolli (John Barbirolli) |

John Barbirolli

John Barbirolli amakonda kudzitcha yekha mbadwa yaku London. Anakhaladi wokhudzana ndi likulu la Chingerezi: anthu ochepa ngakhale ku England amakumbukira kuti dzina lake lomaliza limamveka Chiitaliya pazifukwa zina, ndipo dzina lenileni la wojambulayo si John, koma Giovanni Battista. Amayi ake ndi a ku France, ndipo kumbali ya abambo ake amachokera ku banja loyimba la ku Italy lobadwa: agogo aamuna ndi abambo ake anali oimba nyimbo ndipo ankasewera limodzi mu gulu la oimba la La Scala pa tsiku losaiwalika la masewero a Othello. Inde, ndipo Barbirolli amawoneka ngati aku Italiya: mawonekedwe akuthwa, tsitsi lakuda, maso owoneka bwino. Nzosadabwitsa kuti Toscanini, yemwe anakumana naye kwa nthawi yoyamba zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, anafuula kuti: "Inde, uyenera kukhala mwana wa Lorenzo, woyimba zeze!"

Ndipo komabe Barbirolli ndi Mngelezi - mwa kukulira kwake, zokonda zanyimbo, kupsa mtima koyenera. Katswiri wam'tsogolo anakulira m'malo odzala ndi zojambulajambula. Malinga ndi mwambo wa m’banja, iwo ankafuna kuti amupangire woyimba zeze. Koma mnyamatayo sakanatha kukhala chete ndi violin ndipo, pophunzira, ankangoyendayenda m'chipindamo. Apa m’pamene agogo aja anatulukira lingaliro lakuti – lolani mnyamatayo kuphunzira kuimba cello: simungayende naye limodzi.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba Barbirolli anaonekera pamaso pa anthu monga soloist mu Trinity College wophunzira orchestra, ndipo ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zitatu - patatha chaka chimodzi - analowa Royal Academy of Music, mu kalasi cello, atamaliza maphunziro ake ntchito mu okhestra motsogozedwa ndi G. Wood ndi T. Beecham - ndi Russian Ballet komanso ku Covent Garden Theatre. Monga membala wa International String Quartet, adachita ku France, Netherlands, Spain komanso kunyumba. Pomaliza, mu 1924, Barbirolli anakonza gulu lake, Barbirollli String Orchestra.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo akuyamba ntchito Barbirolli wochititsa. Posakhalitsa luso lake lotsogolera linakopa chidwi cha impresario, ndipo mu 1926 adaitanidwa kuti achite zisudzo zingapo za British National Opera Company - "Aida", "Romeo ndi Juliet", "Cio-Cio-San", "Falstaff". ”. M’zaka zimenezo, Giovanni Battista, ndipo anayamba kutchedwa ndi dzina lachingelezi lakuti John.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale bwino kuwonekera koyamba kugulu opareshoni, Barbirolli anadzipereka kwambiri konsati kuchititsa. Mu 1933, adatsogolera gulu lalikulu la oimba - Scottish Orchestra ku Glasgow - ndipo m'zaka zitatu za ntchito adakwanitsa kuzisintha kukhala imodzi mwamagulu oimba bwino kwambiri m'dzikoli.

Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, mbiri ya Barbirolli inakula kwambiri moti anaitanidwa ku New York Philharmonic Orchestra kuti alowe m'malo mwa Arturo Toscanini monga mtsogoleri wawo. Iye anapirira chiyeso chovuta ndi ulemu - chovuta kawiri, chifukwa ku New York panthawiyo mayina a pafupifupi otsogolera akuluakulu padziko lonse omwe anasamukira ku United States panthawi ya fascism adawonekera pazikwangwani. Koma nkhondo itayamba, kondakitalayo anaganiza zobwerera kwawo. Anapambana mu 1942, atatha ulendo wovuta komanso wamasiku ambiri m’sitima yapamadzi. Kulandiridwa mwachidwi komwe adapatsidwa ndi anzawo adasankha nkhaniyi, chaka chotsatira wojambulayo adasuntha ndikutsogolera gulu limodzi lakale kwambiri, gulu la Orchestra la Halle.

Ndi gulu ili, Barbirolli anagwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, kubwerera kwa iye ulemerero umene anali nawo m'zaka zapitazi; Komanso, kwa nthawi yoyamba okhestra kuchokera kuchigawo wakhaladi gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi. Otsogolera abwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi oimba solo anayamba kuchita naye. Barbirolli mwiniwake adayenda m'zaka za nkhondo - zonse payekha, komanso ndi orchestra yake, ndi magulu ena a Chingerezi kwenikweni padziko lonse lapansi. M'zaka za m'ma 60 adatsogoleranso gulu la oimba ku Houston (USA). Mu 1967, iye, motsogoleredwa ndi BBC Orchestra, anapita ku USSR. Mpaka lero, amasangalala ndi kutchuka koyenera bwino kunyumba ndi kunja.

Zoyenera za Barbirolli ku luso la Chingerezi sizimangokhala pagulu komanso kulimbikitsa magulu a orchestra. Amadziwika kuti ndi wokonda kwambiri ntchito ya oimba a Chingerezi, ndipo makamaka Elgar ndi Vaughan Williams, woimba woyamba wa ntchito zambiri zomwe iye anali. Makhalidwe odekha, omveka bwino, aulemu a wotsogolera wojambulayo amafanana bwino ndi chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za oimba a symphonic a Chingerezi. Olemba omwe amakonda kwambiri a Barbirolli amaphatikizanso olemba a kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi, ambuye a mawonekedwe akuluakulu a symphonic; ndi chiyambi chachikulu ndi zokopa iye amapereka mfundo zazikulu za Brahms, Sibelius, Mahler.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969