Naum Lvovich Shtarkman |

Naum Shtarkman

Sukulu ya Igumnovskaya wapereka chikhalidwe chathu cha piyano ambiri aluso aluso. Mndandanda wa ophunzira a mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri, amatseka Naum Shtarkman. Pambuyo pa imfa ya KN Igumnov sanayambenso kupita ku kalasi ina ndipo mu 1949 anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Moscow Conservatory, monga mwachizolowezi kunena kuti "payekha". Kotero mphunzitsiyo sanafunikire, mwatsoka, kusangalala ndi kupambana kwa chiweto chake. Ndipo posakhalitsa anafika...

Tikhoza kunena kuti Shtarkman (mosiyana ndi anzake ambiri) adalowa mumpikisano wovomerezeka tsopano monga woimba wokhazikika. Kutsatira mphoto yachisanu pa Chopin Competition ku Warsaw (1955), mu 1957 iye anapambana mphoto yaikulu pa International Competition ku Lisbon ndipo, potsiriza, anakhala wachitatu mphoto-wopambana pa Tchaikovsky Competition (1958). Zopambana zonsezi zidangotsimikizira mbiri yake mwaluso kwambiri.

Izi ndizo, choyamba, mbiri ya woimba nyimbo, ngakhale woyimba bwino, yemwe ali ndi phokoso lomveka bwino la piyano, mbuye wokhwima yemwe amatha kuzindikira momveka bwino komanso molondola za zomangamanga za ntchito, mwaulemu komanso mwanzeru kumanga mzere wodabwitsa. “Chikhalidwe chake,” akulemba motero G. Tsypin, “makamaka amakhala wodekha ndi wosinkhasinkha, wowoneka bwino kwambiri, wosonkhezeredwa ndi chifunga chochepa thupi ndi chofatsa. Posamutsa mikhalidwe yotere yamalingaliro ndi yamaganizo, iye alidi wowona mtima ndi wowona. Ndipo, m'malo mwake, woyimba piyano amakhala ngati wamasewera akunja ndipo motero sakhala wokhutiritsa pomwe chidwi, mawu amphamvu amalowa mu nyimbo.

Zoonadi, nyimbo zambiri za Shtarkman (zoimbaimba zopitirira makumi atatu zokha) zimayimira bwino, tinene, ntchito za Liszt, Chopin, Schumann, Rachmaninov. Komabe, mu nyimbo zawo amakopeka osati ndi mikangano yakuthwa, sewero kapena ukoma, koma ndi ndakatulo zofewa, kulota. Pafupifupi zomwezo zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kutanthauzira kwake kwa nyimbo za Tchaikovsky, momwe amachitira bwino kwambiri pazithunzi za nyengo za Four Seasons. "Maganizo ochita za Shtarkman," anatsindika V. Delson, "amachitidwa mpaka kumapeto, akugogomezedwa m'mawu aluso ndi a virtuoso. Momwe woyimba piyano amasewerera - kusonkhanitsa, kukhazikika, molondola m'mawu ndi mawu - ndi zotsatira za chilengedwe cha kukopa kwake ku ungwiro wa mawonekedwe, kuumba kwa pulasitiki ndi tsatanetsatane. Sizikuluzikulu, osati kukongola kwa zomangamanga, osati kuwonetsetsa kwa bravura komwe kukunyengerera Shtarkman, ngakhale kukhalapo kwa luso lamphamvu la virtuoso. Kulingalira, kudzipereka kwamtima, mtima waukulu wamkati - izi ndi zomwe zimasiyanitsa maonekedwe a luso la woimba uyu.

Ngati tikukamba za kutanthauzira kwa Shtarkman kwa ntchito za Bach, Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kukumbukira khalidwe loperekedwa kwa wopambana wa mpikisano wa Moscow ndi EG Gilels: "Kusewera kwake kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kukwanira kwakukulu ndi kulingalira. ” Shtarkman nthawi zambiri amasewera French Impressionists. Woyimba piyano amaimba "Suite Bergamasco" ya Claude Debussy makamaka bwino komanso molowera.

Repertoire wojambula zikuphatikizapo, kumene, Soviet nyimbo. Pamodzi ndi zidutswa zodziwika bwino za S. Prokofiev ndi D. Kabalevsky, Shtarkman adaseweranso Concerto pamitu yachiarabu ndi F. Amirov ndi E. Nazirova, ma concerto a piyano a G. Gasanov, E. Golubev (No. 2).

Shtarkman adatchuka kwanthawi yayitali ngati chopist chapamwamba. Sizopanda pake kuti madzulo a monographic wojambula woperekedwa ku ntchito ya akatswiri a ku Poland nthawi zonse amakopa chidwi chapadera cha omvera ndikulowa mozama mu cholinga cha wolembayo.

Ndemanga ya N. Sokolov pa umodzi wa madzulo ameneŵa akuti: “Woyimba piyano ameneyu ndi mmodzi wa oimira bwino kwambiri mwambo wa luso la maseŵero, umene moyenerera ungatchedwe kuti maphunziro achikondi. Shtarkman amaphatikiza kukhudzidwa kwansanje kwa chiyero cha luso laukadaulo ndi chifuniro chosazimitsidwa cha kutulutsa kwaukali ndi mzimu kwa chithunzi chanyimbo. Panthawiyi, mbuye waluso adawonetsa kukhudza kokongola pang'ono koma kokongola kwambiri, luso la kuyimba kwa piyano, kupepuka kodabwitsa komanso kuthamanga m'mavesi a legato, mu carpal staccato, magawo atatu, muzolemba ziwiri zapakatikati ndi mitundu ina yaukadaulo wabwino. Zonse mu Ballad ndi zidutswa zina za Chopin zomwe anachita usiku umenewo, Shtarkman anachepetsa kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu zambiri, chifukwa cha ndakatulo ya Chopin yapamwamba kwambiri inawonekera mu chiyero chake choyambirira, chomasulidwa ku chirichonse chosafunika komanso chachabechabe. The luso khalidwe la wojambula, acuteness lalikulu la kuzindikira anali mu nkhani iyi kwathunthu subordinated kwa wapamwamba-ntchito - kusonyeza kuya, mphamvu ya mawu a woimba ndi stinginess pazipita njira kufotokoza. Woimbayo anachita bwino kwambiri ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri imeneyi.

Shtarkman anachita pa siteji konsati kwa zaka zoposa makumi anayi. Nthawi imapanga zosintha zina pazokonda zake zopanga, komanso mawonekedwe ake. Wojambulayo ali ndi mapulogalamu ambiri omwe ali nawo - Beethoven, Liszt, Chopin, Schumann, Tchaikovsky. Pamndandanda uwu tikhoza kuwonjezera dzina la Schubert, amene mawu ake anapeza womasulira wochenjera pamaso pa woyimba piyano. Chidwi cha Shtarkman pakupanga nyimbo zophatikizana chinawonjezeka kwambiri. Iye kale anachita pamodzi ndi oimba, violinists, ndi quartets dzina la Borodin, Taneyev, Prokofiev. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mgwirizano wake ndi woimba K. Lisovsky wakhala wopindulitsa kwambiri (mapulogalamu ochokera ku ntchito za Beethoven, Schumann, Tchaikovsky). Ponena za kusintha kwa kutanthauzira, ndi bwino kutchula mawu ochokera ku ndemanga ya A. Lyubitsky ya konsati, yomwe Shtarkman adakondwerera zaka 30 za ntchito yake yojambula: "Kuimba kwa piyano kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhudzika kwamaganizo, mtima wamkati. Mfundo yoyimba, yomwe imadziwika bwino mu luso la Shtarkman wamng'ono, yasungabe kufunikira kwake lero, koma yakhala yosiyana kwambiri. Mulibe tcheru, reticence, softness mmenemo. Chisangalalo, sewero ndi organically pamodzi ndi mtendere wa m'maganizo. Shtarkman tsopano amawona kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mawu, kufotokoza kwachiyankhulo, komanso kumaliza mosamala tsatanetsatane.

Pulofesa (kuyambira 1990) wa Moscow Conservatory. Kuyambira 1992 wakhala mphunzitsi pa Sukulu ya Ayuda yotchedwa Maimonides.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1990