Maria Veniaminovna Yudina |

Maria Yudina

Maria Yudina ndi m'modzi mwa anthu owoneka bwino komanso oyambilira mumlengalenga wathu wa piyano. Kwa chiyambi cha ganizo, kusazolowereka kwa matanthauzidwe ambiri, osakhala muyezo wa repertoire wake anawonjezera. Pafupifupi machitidwe ake onse adakhala chochitika chosangalatsa, nthawi zambiri chapadera.

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Ndipo nthawi iliyonse, kaya kunali koyambirira kwa ntchito ya wojambula (m'ma 20) kapena pambuyo pake, luso lake linayambitsa mkangano woopsa pakati pa oimba piyano okha, ndi otsutsa, ndi omvera. Koma kalelo mu 1933, G. Kogan ananena mokhutiritsa za kukhulupirika kwa umunthu waluso wa Yudina kuti: “Ponse paŵiri m’kalembedwe ndi kukula kwa luso lake, woyimba piyayoyu sagwirizana ndi mmene timaimba pa konsati yathu yonse moti zimachititsa kuti oimba abwere. mmwamba mu miyambo chikondi epigonnation. Ndicho chifukwa chake zonena za luso la MV Yudina ndizosiyana kwambiri komanso zotsutsana, zomwe zimayambira pa zoneneza "zosakwanira kufotokoza" mpaka zoneneza za "kukondana kwambiri". Zonse ziwirizi n’zopanda chilungamo. Pankhani ya mphamvu ndi tanthauzo la mawu a piyano, MV Yudina amadziwa ochepa ofanana pa siteji yamakono. Ndizovuta kutchula wosewera yemwe luso lake lingapangitse moyo wa omvera kukhala ndi sitampu yamphamvu, yamphamvu, yothamangitsidwa ngati gawo lachiwiri la concerto ya Mozart ya A-dur yochitidwa ndi MV Yudina ... "Kumverera" kwa MV Yudina sikuchokera kulira. ndi kuusa moyo: mwa kupsinjika kwakukulu kwauzimu, imakokedwa mu mzere wokhazikika, wokhazikika pazigawo zazikulu, pansi kukhala mawonekedwe angwiro. Kwa ena, lusoli limatha kuwoneka ngati "losawoneka bwino": kumveka bwino kwamasewera a MV Yudina kumadutsa kwambiri "zosangalatsa" zochepetsera komanso kuzungulira. Izi za machitidwe a MV Yudina zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kubweretsa machitidwe ake pafupi ndi zochitika zamakono zamakono. Makhalidwe apa ndi "polyplan" ya kuganiza, "zambiri" tempos (pang'onopang'ono - pang'onopang'ono, mofulumira - mofulumira kuposa nthawi zonse), "kuwerenga" molimba mtima komanso mwatsopano, kutali kwambiri ndi chikondi chopanda chikondi, koma nthawi zina kutsutsana kwambiri ndi epigone. miyambo. Izi zimamveka mosiyana zikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa olemba osiyanasiyana: mwinamwake zokhutiritsa kwambiri mu Bach ndi Hindemith kusiyana ndi Schumann ndi Chopin. Chidziwitso chanzeru chomwe chidasungabe mphamvu kwazaka makumi angapo ...

Yudina anabwera siteji konsati atamaliza maphunziro a Petrograd Conservatory mu 1921 mu kalasi ya LV Nikolaev. Kuphatikiza apo, adaphunzira ndi AN Esipova, VN Drozdov ndi FM Blumenfeld. Panthawi yonse ya ntchito ya Yudina, adadziwika ndi luso la "kuyenda" komanso kufulumira kwa mabuku atsopano a piyano. Apa, malingaliro ake pazaluso zanyimbo monga moyo, njira yopitilira kukula idakhudzidwa. Mosiyana ndi oimba ambiri odziwika bwino, chidwi cha Yudin pazatsopano za piyano sichinamusiye ngakhale m'zaka zake zocheperako. Anakhala woimba woyamba ku Soviet Union wa ntchito za K. Shimanovsky, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, P. Hindemith, E. Ksheneck, A. Webern, B. Martin, F. Marten, V. Lutoslavsky, K. Serotsky; Nyimbo zake zinaphatikizapo Sonata Yachiwiri ya D. Shostakovich ndi Sonata ya B. Bartok ya Ma Piano Awiri ndi Percussion. Yudina adapereka Piano Yachiwiri Sonata kwa Yu. Shaporin. Chidwi chake pa chilichonse chatsopano chinali chosakhutitsidwa. Sanadikire kuti kuzindikirika kubwere kwa wolemba uyu kapena uyo. Iye anayenda kwa iwo yekha. Olemba ambiri aku Soviet omwe adapezeka ku Yudina sikuti amangomvetsetsa, koma kuyankha kosangalatsa. M'ndandanda wake wa repertoire (kuphatikizapo otchulidwa) timapeza mayina a V. Bogdanov-Berezovsky, M. Gnesin, E. Denisov, I. Dzerzhinsky, O. Evlakhov, N. Karetnikov, L. Knipper, Yu. Kochurov, A. Mosolov, N. Myaskovsky, L. Polovinkin, G. Popov, P. Ryazanov, G. Sviridov, V. Shcherbachev, Mikh. Yudin. Monga mukuonera, onse omwe adayambitsa chikhalidwe chathu cha nyimbo ndi ambuye a mbadwo wa pambuyo pa nkhondo akuimiridwa. Ndipo mndandanda wa oimba uwu udzakula kwambiri ngati tiganizira za kupanga nyimbo za chipinda, zomwe Yudina adazichita ndi chidwi chochepa.

Kutanthauzira kofala - "wofalitsa nyimbo zamakono" - kulondola, kumveka modzichepetsa kwambiri poyerekezera ndi woimba piyano uyu. Ndikufuna kumutcha ntchito zaluso zokopa zamakhalidwe abwino komanso zokongoletsa.

Wolemba ndakatulo L. Ozerov analemba kuti: “Nthaŵi zonse ndachita chidwi ndi kukula kwa dziko lake lauzimu, kupirira kwake kwauzimu. Apa iye akupita ku limba. Ndipo zikuwoneka kwa ine, ndi kwa aliyense: osati kuchokera ku luso, koma kuchokera ku gulu la anthu, kuchokera kwa iye, khamu ili, malingaliro ndi malingaliro. Amapita ku limba kukanena, kufotokoza, kufotokoza chinthu chofunika kwambiri, chofunika kwambiri.

Osati zosangalatsa zosangalatsa, okonda nyimbo anapita ku konsati ya Yudina. Pamodzi ndi wojambulayo, adayenera kutsatira zomwe zili m'mabuku akale ndi diso lopanda tsankho, ngakhale pamene zinali za zitsanzo zodziwika bwino. Kotero mobwerezabwereza mumapeza zosadziwika mu ndakatulo za Pushkin, zolemba za Dostoevsky kapena Tolstoy. Khalidwe m'lingaliro limeneli ndi kuyang'ana kwa Ya. I. Zak: “Ndinaona luso lake ngati zolankhula za anthu – zaulemu, zaukali, zopanda chifundo. Kufotokozera ndi masewero, nthawi zina ... osati ngakhale khalidwe la malemba a ntchito, anali organically chibadidwe mu ntchito Yudina. Okhwima, kukoma koona kwathunthu kulibe ngakhale mthunzi wa kulingalira. M'malo mwake, iye anatsogolera mu kuya kwa kumvetsa nzeru za ntchito, amene anapereka mphamvu kwambiri chidwi zisudzo ake Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Shostakovich. Mawu opendekeka amene anaonekera bwino lomwe m’mawu ake olimba anyimbo anali achibadwa kotheratu, osaloŵerera m’njira iliyonse. Anangosankha ndikugogomezera malingaliro ndi luso la ntchitoyo. Izo zinali ndendende "italic" kotero kuti anafuna khama la nzeru mphamvu kwa omvera pamene iye anazindikira kumasulira kwa Yudin, kunena, Bach's Goldberg Variations, Beethoven's concertos ndi sonatas, Schubert's impromptu, Brahms's Variations on a Theme by Handel of Russian Herations... nyimbo zinadziwika ndi chiyambi chakuya , ndipo koposa zonse "Zithunzi pa Chiwonetsero" ndi Mussorgsky.

Ndi luso la Yudina, ngakhale pamlingo wocheperako, zolemba zomwe adasewera tsopano zimapangitsa kuti adziwe bwino. N. Tanaev analemba mu Musical Life kuti: "Zolemba, mwina, zimakhala zamaphunziro kwambiri kuposa nyimbo zamoyo," koma zimaperekanso chithunzi chokwanira cha zofuna za woimbayo ... . Osati njira yokhayokha, phokoso lapadera la Yudinsky ndi kachulukidwe ka mawu ake (mverani osachepera mabasi ake - maziko amphamvu a nyumba yonse ya phokoso), koma njira zogonjetsa chipolopolo chakunja cha phokoso, chomwe chimatsegula njira kuya kwenikweni kwa chithunzicho. Kuimba piyano kwa Yudina nthawi zonse kumakhala kwakuthupi, liwu lililonse, liwu lililonse limakhala lathunthu ... Yudina nthawi zina ankanyozedwa chifukwa cha chizolowezi china. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, G. Neuhaus ankakhulupirira kuti m’chikhumbo chake chodzitsimikizira yekha, umunthu wamphamvu wa woimba piyano kaŵirikaŵiri umapangitsa olembawo kukhala “m’chifanizo chake ndi m’mafaniziro ake.” Zikuwoneka, komabe (mulimonse momwemo, pokhudzana ndi ntchito yomaliza ya woyimba piyano) kuti sitikumana ndi luso la Yudina mwaluso mwanjira ya "Ndikufuna mwanjira imeneyo"; izi palibe, koma pali "monga momwe ndikumvera" ... Uku sikumangoganizira, koma maganizo ake pa zaluso.