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ital., kuchokera ku lat. obligatus - wokakamiza, wofunikira

1) Mbali ya chida mu nyimbo. ntchito, zomwe sizingasiyidwe ndipo ziyenera kuchitidwa mosalephera. Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi kutchulidwa kwa chida, chomwe chimatanthawuza phwando; mwachitsanzo, violino obligato ndi gawo lovomerezeka la violin, ndi zina zotero. Mu kupanga kumodzi nthawi zina zimachitika. maphwando "okakamizika". Zigawo za O. zikhoza kukhala zosiyana ndi tanthauzo lake - kuchokera ku zofunika, komabe zikuphatikizidwa muzotsatira, ndi solo, kupereka makonsati pamodzi ndi chachikulu. gawo limodzi. Pa 18 ndi koyambirira. M'zaka za m'ma 19 sonatas cha chida cha solo chokhala ndi piyano. (clavichord, harpsichord) nthawi zambiri amatchedwa sonatas ya piyano. etc. motsagana ndi chida cha O. (mwachitsanzo, violin ya O.). Magawo oimba a O., akuimba mu duet, tercet, ndi zina zotero, ndizofala kwambiri. kuchokera ku gawo lalikulu la solo. Mu zisudzo, oratorios, cantatas wa m'ma 17-18. nthawi zambiri pamakhala ma arias, ndipo nthawi zina nyimbo za mawu (mawu), zida zoimba nyimbo (zida) O. ndi orchestra. Zidutswa zingapo zotere zili, mwachitsanzo, mu Misa ya Bach mu h zazing'ono. Mawu akuti "O". motsutsana ndi mawu akuti ad libitum; m'mbuyomu, komabe, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika m'lingaliro limeneli. Choncho, pochita zinthu zakale zakale. imagwira ntchito, nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kusankha kuti mawu oti "O" amatanthauza chiyani. amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa iwo.

2) Kuphatikiza ndi mawu oti "kutsagana" ("O's accompaniment", Italian l'accompagnamento obligato, German Obligates Akkompagnement), mosiyana ndi bass wamba, kutsagana kolembedwa kwathunthu kwa cl. nyimbo prod. Izi zimagwira ntchito makamaka ku gawo la clavier pakupanga. kwa chida choimbira payekha kapena mawu ndi clavier, komanso kutsagana ndi main. nyimbo zopita ku "mawu otsagana" muchipinda ndi orc. zolemba. Payekha amagwira ntchito pazingwe. kiyibodi chida kapena chiwalo, chipinda ndi orc. Mu nyimbo, kugawidwa kwa mawu kukhala "wamkulu" ndi "kutsagana" pamlingo wa kupanga konse, monga lamulo, kumakhala kosatheka: ngakhale nyimbo yotsogolera ikudzipatula, imadutsa nthawi zonse kuchokera ku liwu kupita ku liwu. , kuchipinda ndi orc. nyimbo - kuchokera ku chida kupita ku chida; m'zigawo zachitukuko, nyimboyi nthawi zambiri imagawidwa pakati pa decomp. mawu kapena zida "zigawo". Kuperekeza O. kupangidwa mu ntchito ya omwe anayambitsa Viennese classic. masukulu a WA Mozart ndi J. Haydn. Kuwonekera kwake kumagwirizana ndi kufunikira kokulirapo kwa kutsagana ndi nyimbo. prod., ndi nyimbo zake. ndi polyphonic. machulukitsidwe, ndi kukula kwa kudziyimira pawokha aliyense wa mawu ake, ambiri - ndi payekha payekha. M'munda wanyimbo, kutsagana ndi O. monga gawo lofunikira la zonse, nthawi zina osati kutsika mtengo kwa wok. maphwando opangidwa ndi F. Schubert, R. Schumann, X. Wolf. Miyambo yokhazikitsidwa ndi iwo m'derali imasungabe tanthauzo lake mu nyimbo za tonal, ngakhale kuti mawu omwewo "kutsagana ndi O." osagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu nyimbo za atonal, inc. dodecaphone, yomwe imapereka kufanana kwathunthu kwa mawu onse, lingaliro lenileni la "kutsagana" lataya tanthauzo lake lakale.

3) Mu polyphonic yakale. Nyimbo za O. (mwachitsanzo, сon-trapunto obligato, canon obligato, etc.) amatanthauza magawo omwe wolemba, akukwaniritsa udindo wake (motero tanthauzo la mawuwo), amatsatira mosamalitsa malamulo opangira matanthauzo. mawonekedwe a polyphonic (kutsutsa, canon, etc.).