Michal Kleofas Ogiński (Michał Kleofas Ogiński) |

Michał Kleofas Ogiński

Njira ya moyo wa wolemba nyimbo wa ku Poland M. Oginsky ili ngati nkhani yochititsa chidwi, yodzala ndi kupotoza mwadzidzidzi kwa tsoka, yogwirizana kwambiri ndi tsoka lomvetsa chisoni la dziko lakwawo. Dzina la wolembayo adazunguliridwa ndi halo ya chikondi, ngakhale pa moyo wake pali nthano zambiri za iye (mwachitsanzo, "anaphunzira" za imfa yake kuposa kamodzi). Nyimbo za Oginsky, zomwe zikuwonetseratu maganizo a nthawiyo, zinawonjezera chidwi ndi umunthu wa wolemba wake. Wolembayo analinso ndi luso lolemba, ndiye mlembi wa Memoirs za Poland ndi Poles, zolemba za nyimbo, ndi ndakatulo.

Oginsky anakulira m'banja lophunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri. Amalume ake a Michal Kazimierz Ogiński, Great Hetman wa ku Lithuania, anali woimba komanso wolemba ndakatulo, ankaimba zida zingapo, analemba zisudzo, polonaise, mazurkas, ndi nyimbo. Iye anawongolera zeze ndipo analemba nkhani yonena za chida chimenechi mu Encyclopedia ya Diderot. M'nyumba yake ya Slonim (yomwe tsopano ndi gawo la Belarus), kumene Oginsky wamng'ono nthawi zambiri ankabwera, panali zisudzo ndi magulu a zisudzo, ballet ndi masewero, oimba, Polish, Italy, French ndi German opera. Chithunzi chowona cha Chidziwitso, Michal Kazimierz adapanga sukulu ya ana am'deralo. Malo oterowo adapanga nthaka yachonde yakukulitsa luso losunthika la Oginsky. Mphunzitsi wake woyamba nyimbo anali O. Kozlovsky wamng'ono panthawiyo (yemwe adatumikira monga woyimba m'bwalo la Oginskys), pambuyo pake wolemba nyimbo wodziwika bwino yemwe adathandizira kwambiri chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za Chipolishi ndi Chirasha (mlembi wa polonaise wotchuka "Bingu la Chigonjetso; phokoso"). Oginsky anaphunzira violin ndi I. Yarnovich, ndipo kenako anasintha ku Italy ndi G. Viotti ndi P. Baio.

Mu 1789, ntchito ya ndale ya Oginsky inayamba, iye ndi kazembe wa ku Poland ku Netherlands (1790), England (1791); kubwerera ku Warsaw, ali ndi udindo wa msungichuma wa Lithuania (1793-94). Palibe chomwe chinkawoneka chophimbira ntchito yomwe idayamba bwino kwambiri. Koma mu 1794, kuukira kwa T. Kosciuszko kunabuka pofuna kubwezeretsa ufulu wa dzikolo (ufumu wa Commonwealth wa Polish-Lithuanian unagawidwa pakati pa Prussia, Austria ndi Ufumu wa Russia). Pokhala wokonda dziko lawo, Oginsky akugwirizana ndi zigawengazo ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pankhondoyi, ndipo amapereka katundu wake wonse "ngati mphatso kwa dziko la amayi." Maguba ndi nyimbo zankhondo zimene wolemba nyimboyo analemba m’zaka zimenezi zinatchuka kwambiri ndipo zinatchuka kwambiri pakati pa zigawengazo. Oginsky amadziwika ndi nyimbo yakuti "Poland sanafe" (mlembi wake sanakhazikitsidwe bwino), lomwe pambuyo pake linakhala nyimbo ya fuko.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa zipolowezo kunachititsa kuti achoke m’dziko lawo. Ku Constantinople (1796) Oginsky akukhala munthu wokangalika pakati pa okonda dziko la Poland omwe adasamuka. Tsopano maso a Poles akuyang'ana pa Napoleon, yemwe panthawiyo anthu ambiri ankamuona kuti ndi "general of the revolution" (L. Beethoven ankafuna kuti apatulire "Heroic Symphony" kwa iye). Kulemekezedwa kwa Napoleon kumagwirizana ndi maonekedwe a Oginsky yekha opera Zelida ndi Valcour, kapena Bonaparte ku Cairo (1799). Zaka zothera poyendayenda ku Ulaya (Italy, France) pang’onopang’ono zinafooketsa chiyembekezo cha kutsitsimuka kwa dziko lodziimira palokha la Poland. Chikhululukiro cha Alexander I (kuphatikizapo kubwerera kwa malo) chinalola wolemba nyimbo kubwera ku Russia ndi kukhazikika ku St. Petersburg (1802). Koma ngakhale zinthu zatsopano (monga 1802 Oginsky anali Senator wa Ufumu wa Russia), ntchito zake zinali ndi cholinga kusintha zinthu za dziko.

Kutenga nawo mbali pazandale, Oginsky sakanatha kuthera nthawi yambiri pakupanga nyimbo. Kuphatikiza pa opera, nyimbo zankhondo ndi zachikondi zingapo, gawo lalikulu la cholowa chake chaching'ono ndi zidutswa za piyano: zovina za ku Poland - polonaises ndi mazurkas, komanso maulendo, minuets, waltzes. Oginsky adadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha polonaises (oposa 20). Iye anali woyamba kutanthauzira mtundu uwu osati ngati mtundu wavinidwe wamba, koma monga ndakatulo yanyimbo, chidutswa cha piyano chodziimira pa tanthauzo lake. Mzimu wolimbana wolimba uli pafupi ndi Oginsky ndi zithunzi zachisoni, zachisoni, zomwe zikuwonetsa malingaliro amalingaliro, zisanachitike zachikondi zomwe zikuyandama mumlengalenga nthawi imeneyo. Nyimbo zomveka bwino, zotanuka za polonaise zimaphatikizidwa ndi mawu osalala a romance-elegy. Mapolonaise ena ali ndi mayina a pulogalamu: "Farewell, Partition of Poland." Polonaise "Farewell to the Motherland" (1831) idakali yotchuka kwambiri mpaka lero, nthawi yomweyo, kuchokera ku zolemba zoyamba, zomwe zimapanga chikhalidwe chachinsinsi cha nyimbo. Kuvina kwa ndakatulo ku Poland, Oginsky amatsegula njira ya F. Chopin wamkulu. Zolemba zake zinasindikizidwa ndi kuchitidwa ku Ulaya konse - ku Paris ndi St. ).

Thanzi logwedezeka linakakamiza Oginsky kuchoka ku St. Petersburg ndikukhala zaka 10 zomaliza za moyo wake ku Italy, ku Florence. Choncho inatha moyo wa wolemba, wolemera mu zochitika zosiyanasiyana, amene anaima pa chiyambi cha chikondi Polish.

K. Zenkin