One act opera

Opera yokhala ndi sewero limodzi imatchedwa opera imodzi. Izi zitha kugawidwa muzithunzi, zochitika, magawo. Nthawi ya opera yotereyi ndi yocheperapo kuposa yamasewera ambiri. Ngakhale kukula kwake kakang'ono, opera mu mchitidwe umodzi ndi cholengedwa chonse chanyimbo chokhala ndi masewero opangidwa ndi architectonics, ndipo chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Monga sewero la "Grand", limayamba ndi kubwereza kapena mawu oyambira ndipo limakhala ndi manambala aumwini ndi ophatikiza.

Komabe, opera imodzi yokha ili ndi mawonekedwe ake:

Chitsanzo:

Opera imodzi yokha m'zaka za 17-18. nthawi zambiri amachitidwa panthawi yopuma kwa zisudzo zazikulu; m’mabwalo amilandu, komanso m’mabwalo a zisudzo a kunyumba. Chigawo chapakati cha kumveka kwa nyimbo za opera yaying'ono yoyambirira chinali chobwerezabwereza, ndipo kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana la 18. aria amamuchotsa kumbuyo. Kubwereza kumagwira ntchito ya injini yachiwembu ndi kugwirizana pakati pa ensembles ndi ma arias.

Kuchokera ku Glück kupita ku Puccini.

M'zaka za m'ma 50s XVIII HW Gluck adapanga zisudzo ziwiri zokongola zoseketsa chimodzi: ndipo, ndi P. Mascagni, zaka zana kenako, amapatsa dziko lapansi sewero lochititsa chidwi la mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono. Kukula kwamtunduwu kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. D. Puccini anadzutsa chidwi mwa iye ndi kulengedwa kwa wolemba nyimbo za sewero limodzi lochokera pa sewero la dzina lomwelo ndi D. Gold,,; P. Hindemith akulemba sewero lanthabwala. Pali zitsanzo zambiri zamasewera ang'onoang'ono.

Nkhani ya tsogolo la dona wolemekezeka amene anabala mwana kunja kwa ukwati ndipo anapita ku nyumba ya amonke kuti alape ndi maziko a chiwembu cha opera Puccini "Mlongo Angelica". Ataphunzira za imfa ya mwana wake, Mlongo Angelica kumwa poizoni, koma anazindikira kuti kudzipha ndi tchimo loopsa kuti sadzalola kuona mwanayo kumwamba, zimachititsa heroine kupemphera kwa Namwali Mariya kuti chikhululukiro. Iye akuwona Namwali Woyera m’malo a tchalitchi, akutsogolera mnyamata watsitsi labwino padzanja, namwalira mwamtendere.

Mlongo Angelica wochititsa chidwi ndi wosiyana ndi zisudzo zina zonse za Puccini. Mawu achikazi okha ndi amene amatenga nawo mbali m’menemo, ndipo m’chochitika chomaliza chokha ndikwaya ya anyamata (“Kwaya ya Angelo”) imamveka. Ntchitoyi imagwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe ka nyimbo za tchalitchi ndi chiwalo, njira zolimba za polyphony, ndi mabelu amatha kumveka mu oimba.

Chowonekera choyamba chimatsegula mochititsa chidwi - ndi pemphero, limodzi ndi zida zamagulu, mabelu ndi kulira kwa mbalame. Chithunzi cha usiku - symphonic intermezzo - chidzakhazikitsidwa pamutu womwewo. Chisamaliro chachikulu mu opera chimaperekedwa kuti apange chithunzi chobisika chamalingaliro amunthu wamkulu. Mu udindo wa Angelica, sewero lamphamvu nthawi zina limawonetsedwa m'mawu okweza popanda mawu.

Masewero amodzi a oimba aku Russia.

Olemba odziwika bwino a ku Russia apanga zisudzo zambiri zokongola zamtundu umodzi wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ambiri mwa zolengedwa zawo ndi za nyimbo zochititsa chidwi kapena nyimbo (mwachitsanzo, "Boyaryna Vera Sheloga" ndi NA Rimsky-Korsakov, "Iolanta" ndi Tchaikovsky, "Aleko" ndi Rachmaninov, etc.), komanso mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono comic opera - Si zachilendo. NGATI Stravinsky analemba opera m’nkhani imodzi yozikidwa pa ndakatulo ya Pushkin yakuti, “Nyumba Yaing’ono ku Kolomna,” yomwe ikupereka chithunzi cha chigawo cha Russia kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 19.

Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa opera, Parasha, amavala wokondedwa wake, hussar wothamanga, monga wophika, Mavra, kuti athe kukhala naye ndi kukayikira amayi ake okhwima. Chinyengocho chikavumbulutsidwa, “wophika” athaŵira pawindo, ndipo Parasha akuthaŵa pambuyo pake. Chiyambi cha opera "Mavra" chimaperekedwa ndi zinthu zokongola: mayendedwe achikondi cham'tawuni, nyimbo yachigypsy, operatic aria-lamento, nyimbo zovina, ndipo kaleidoscope yoimba iyi imayikidwa mu njira yodabwitsa kwambiri ya nyimbo. ntchito.

Masewero ang'onoang'ono a ana.

Sewero la sewero limodzi ndiloyenera kuwonera kwa ana. Olemba nyimbo zakale analemba zisudzo zambiri zazifupi za ana. Amatenga mphindi 35 mpaka ola limodzi. M. Ravel adatembenukira ku sewero la ana mumchitidwe umodzi. Anapanga buku lochititsa chidwi, "The Child and Magic," lonena za mnyamata wosasamala yemwe, monyinyirika kukonzekera homuweki yake, amasewera masewero onyoza amayi ake. Zinthu zomwe adawononga zimakhala ndi moyo ndikuwopseza munthu wamba.

Mwadzidzidzi, Mfumukazi ikuwoneka kuchokera patsamba labukhu, kunyoza mnyamatayo ndikuzimiririka. Mabuku amalimbikira kumuuza kuti azigwira ntchito zodedwa. Ana amphaka akusewera amawonekera, ndipo Mwanayo akuwathamangira m'mundamo. Apa zomera, nyama ngakhale chithaphwi mvula amene anamukhumudwitsa akudandaula za prankster wamng'ono. Zolengedwa zokhumudwazo zimafuna kuyambitsa ndewu, zikufuna kubwezera mnyamatayo, koma mwadzidzidzi zimayamba mkangano pakati pawo. Mwana wamantha akuitana Amayi. Pamene Gologolo wolumalayo akugwa pamapazi ake, mnyamatayo amamanga ntchafu zake zowawa n’kugwa motopa. Aliyense akudziwa kuti mwanayo wakhala bwino. Ochita nawo zochitikazo amamutenga, kumunyamula kupita naye kunyumba ndikuyitana Amayi.

Nyimbo zoimbidwa ndi woimbayo zinali zafashoni m'zaka za zana la 20. Mavinidwe a Boston waltz ndi foxtrot amapereka kusiyana koyambirira ndi magawo anyimbo ndi aubusa. Zinthu zimene zimaukitsidwa zimaimiridwa ndi zida zoimbira, ndipo anthu amene amamvera mwanayo chisoni amapatsidwa nyimbo zotamanda. Ravel ankagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri onomatopoeia (kupuma kwa mphaka ndi kulira, kulira kwa achule, kugunda kwa wotchi ndi kulira kwa chikho chosweka, kukupiza kwa mapiko a mbalame, ndi zina zotero).

Opera ili ndi chinthu chokongoletsera champhamvu. The duet ya clumsy Armchair ndi cutesy Couch ndi yowala kwambiri - mu nyimbo ya minuet, ndipo Duet of the Cup ndi Teapot ndi foxtrot mu pentatonic mode. Kuyimbidwa kowopsa, kodziyimira pawokha komanso kuvina kwa anthu owoneka bwino ndi akuthwa, ndi kayimbidwe komveka. Chiwonetsero chachiwiri cha opera chimadziwika ndi kugwedezeka kwakukulu - kuchokera ku elegiac kwambiri kupita ku comic.